scholarly journals Reconsidering ‘Desire’ and ‘Style’: A Lefebvrian Approach to Democratic Orientation in Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Urban Theory ◽  
Laboratory Rat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

In Henri Lefebvre’s theory, the space in process of social production is regarded as the very condition of accomplishing the ‘desire’ to do or to create something. This article argues that we need to understand the implications of the ‘desire’ in order to make use of his urban theory in today’s planning. Introducing this idea, in the 1960s and 1970s, Lefebvre attempted  to create our own style of living, that is, to produce the appropriated space which differed from the technocratically-planned spaces where people devote themselves into repetitively fulfilling their needs for specific objects like a laboratory rat in the experiment of looped system. For all his utopian strategies, Lefebvre made practical suggestions on turning our cities more desire-based, that is to say, more democratically designed; it would be very helpful for today’s urban planning to go back to his argument on the difference between ‘desire’ and ‘need’, or the connection between ‘desire’ and the style of living.

Doing and Allowing

Philosophy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Woollard
Keyword(s):  
Moral Significance ◽  
Convincing Argument ◽  
Moral Distinction ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
The Difference ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Personal Sacrifice ◽  
Common Sense Morality ◽  
The Cost

According to common-sense morality, the difference between doing and allowing harm matters morally. Doing harm can be wrong when merely allowing harm would not be, even if all other factors are equal: the level of harm is the same, the agent’s motivation is the same, the cost to the agent of avoiding countenancing harm is the same, and so on. Suppose that you have accidentally swallowed poison and you need to get to hospital urgently. It might be permissible for you to refuse to stop and help if you spot Sarah drowning, but impermissible for you to push her into a river to clear your way to the hospital. Without this moral distinction between doing and allowing, it seems likely that our everyday morality would look very different. Treating doing and allowing harm as equivalent seems to leave us with a morality that is either much more permissive than we normally think it is (permitting us to do harm to others to avoid personal sacrifices) or much more demanding (requiring us to prevent harm to others even at great personal sacrifice). Yet the moral significance of the distinction is highly controversial. When serious harm to others is at stake, it may seem puzzling that it should matter whether the harm is done or merely allowed. Powerful critics have argued that the distinction is morally irrelevant. Others have charged that the distinction itself falls apart under scrutiny: our intuitions about whether behavior counts as doing or allowing harm do not reflect any clear, nonmoral distinction. Much of the early contemporary debate on the moral relevance of the distinction between doing and allowing harm focused on appeals to intuitions. We are asked to examine “contrast cases” in which all others factors are supposedly held constant. However, appeals to intuitions are of limited use. They may establish whether we treat the distinction as morally relevant, but they cannot show whether we ought to do so. The real challenge for a defender of the doing/allowing distinction is to provide a clear analysis of the distinction and a convincing argument that, under this analysis, the distinction connects appropriately to more fundamental moral concepts. This article maps out the philosophical literature on the analysis and moral significance of the distinction between doing and allowing harm, from the beginnings of contemporary interest in the issue in the 1960s and 1970s to recent trends and developments.

scholarly journals Wybrane Londyńskie strategie przekształceń urbanistycznych na potrzeby mieszkalnictwa dostępnego

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Paweł Pedrycz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Housing Estates

Kwestia mieszkalnictwa dostępnego cenowo (affordable housing) staje się w Europie i Polsce jednym z najistotniejszych elementów polityki społecznej i podstawowym zadaniem architektury i urbanistyki. W procesie tym jedną z kluczowych kwestii, będącą zarazem często hamulcem, jest pozyskiwanie gruntów pod takie inwestycje. Najprostszym rozwiązaniem, stosowanym obecnie w Polsce, jest budowa osiedli na peryferyjnych, niezagospodarowanych obszarach (greenfields) – jest to jednak strategia szkodliwa urbanistycznie, a długoterminowo także społecznie. Wobec powyższego należy szukać alternatywnych wyborów lokalizacji inwestycji mieszkalnictwa dostępnego. Wiele interesujących strategii oferuje kontekst londyński, gdzie dostępność gruntów jest bardzo ograniczona. W niniejszym tekście przedstawione zostały 2 takie strategie przekształceń terenów na cele mieszkaniowe, poparte indywidualnymi studiami przypadków. Są to: (a) tereny infrastruktury technicznej, (b) ekstensywne tereny mieszkaniowe z lat 60.-70. Każdy z przypadków został omówiony według podobnego schematu na który składa się: (a) kontekst przedsięwzięcia, (b) efekt, (c) perspektywy, (d) potencjał dla kontekstu polskiego, (e) ograniczenia w kontekście polskim. Takie ujęcie pozwoliło na zobiektywizowaną ocenę przydatności poszczególnych strategii na potrzeby polskiego mieszkalnictwa dostępnego cenowo. Jako model przekształceń o największym potencjale ilościowym uznane zostały transformacje modernistycznych osiedli blokowych, zaś scenariuszem najbardziej realistycznym uznane zostało inwestowanie na terenach infrastruktury technicznej. Selected London urban transformation strategies for affordable housing The issue of affordable housing is becoming an important element of social policy in Europe and Poland and the fundamental task of architecture and urban planning. One of the key issues, which often blocks this process, is the acquisition of land for development. The simplest solution, currently employed in Poland, is the construction of housing estates in undeveloped peripheral areas, so-called greenfields. This solution, however, is detrimental to urban planning and, in the long term, also harmful to society. Given the above, alternative locations for affordable housing development should be sought. Many interesting strategies are to be found in the context of London, where the availability of land is extremely limited. This paper presents two such land conversion strategies for housing purposes, supported by individual case studies. These concern: (a) areas of technical infrastructure, (b) extensive housing estates from the 1960s and 1970s. Each example has been described according to a similar outline, which consists of: (a) the context of the project, (b) its effect, (c) outlook, (d) potential and limitations in the Polish context. This approach allows for an objective assessment of the suitability of individual strategies for the needs of affordable housing in Poland. As a result, transformations of existing Modernist housing estates can be considered the more promising in terms of quantity, while investing in areas of technical infrastructure seems to be the more realistic scenario.

scholarly journals The contraceptive revolution in Russia

2017 ◽  
pp. 86-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Vishnevsky ◽  
Boris Denisov ◽  
Victoria Sakevich
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

In the 1960s and 1970s, with the introduction of hormonal contraception, as well as of a new generation of intrauterine contraception, Western countries saw cardinal changes in methods of fertility regulation so significant that the American demographers Ch. Westoff and N. Ryder called them "The contraceptive revolution." By this time, the transition to low fertility in developed countries, as, indeed, in Russia, was completed, and family planning had become a common practice. However, the new technologies significantly increased the effectiveness of birth control, and this change would have important social and demographic consequences. Underestimation of the importance of family planning and underdevelopment of the corresponding services in the USSR and in Russia led to the contraceptive revolution beginning here much later than in the West, not until the post-Soviet years with the arrival of a market economy and information openness. For decades, induced abortion played a key role in the regulation of fertility, and only in the 1990s did modern methods of contraception become widespread and the unfavorable ratio of abortions to births begin to change for the better. The article describes the composition of the contraceptive methods used in countries of European culture and of those in Russia, and attempts to explain the difference between them. Based on national representative sample data, an analysis is made of current practice of contraceptive use in Russia. The conclusion is drawn that the contraceptive revolution in Russia is proceeding rather quickly, but without substantial state support.

Revisiting implementation theory: An interdisciplinary comparison between urban planning and healthcare implementation research

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Smith
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Implementation Theory ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Implementation remains a somewhat neglected dimension within urban planning research after a surge of interest during the 1960s and 1970s in contrast to related cognitive disciplines, particularly healthcare research which has seemingly grappled with the phenomenon with more gusto. Here, we assess the state of urban planning implementation science and compare these efforts with healthcare frameworks explaining implementation to ascertain what new insights can be gleaned on how we investigate the phenomenon.

4. Arup’s adhocracy and projects in theory

2017 ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
Andrew Davies
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
New Model ◽  
Adaptive Structure ◽  
Opera House ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

‘Arup’s adhocracy and projects in theory’ considers how the spread of adaptive project structures in the 1960s and 1970s encouraged management scholars to develop new ways of thinking about organizations. It begins with Ove Arup’s work on the Sydney Opera House, which established a new model of architect and engineer collaborating in project teams to innovate and solve challenging problems. It then goes on to discuss some of the theoretical insights and perspectives introduced by organizational scholars to help us think about projects as an adaptive structure in a complex, unstable, and rapidly changing environment. It explains organization theory and adhocracy, the difference between stable and flexible project teams, and the contingent dimension of projects.

Make Roanoke Queer Again

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Public History ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community History ◽  
Queer History ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Southern City

This essay explores intersections among urban history, queer history, and public history in a gentrifying southern city. I show how queer cultures flourished in Roanoke, Virginia, in the 1960s and 1970s only to be displaced by a combination of police repression, urban planning, and gentrification starting in the late 1970s and 1980s. Seeking to “Make Roanoke Queer Again,” the Southwest Virginia LGBTQ+ History Project is a community-based history initiative committed to researching and interpreting the region’s LGBTQ history. This essay argues that queer community history projects can be a form of resistance to gentrification and a means to preserve our history from “queer erasure.”

scholarly journals Real vs. Virtual City: Planning Issues in a Discontinuous Urban Area in Budapest’s Inner City

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
Melinda Benkő ◽  
Bence Bene ◽  
Ádám Pirity ◽  
Árpád Szabó ◽  
Tamás Egedy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

<p>The 21st century has brought fundamental changes in the development of cities, with the spread of ICT and the rise of digitalization. The new technologies are increasingly making their mark on urban planning and policy as well. The question of how contemporary urban planning is adapting to new challenges is particularly relevant as neighborhoods built in previous centuries and decades by traditional planning methods are now increasingly confronted with new public and environmental demands. Despite the bad reputation of Budapest’s 8th district, Józsefváros, based on the socio-economic and urban problems it has continuously faced in the past, the neighborhood has become one of the most dynamically developing urban areas in the last decade. From a planning point of view, an exciting area of the district is Szigony Street and its wider surroundings due to the strongly fragmented, heterogeneous urban fabric. Nevertheless, the only high-rise mass housing estate built in Budapest’s historic inner city in the 1960s and 1970s is located there. Our research used a complex methodology (document, content and database analysis, fieldwork, surveys with professionals, and interviews) to explore the planning history of the area’s development. Ultimately, the aim was to identify the most important outcomes and consequences of traditional and contemporary planning and design and whether modern digital planning can make a meaningful contribution to the development of the neighborhood. Our results show that urban planning and development in Budapest are still essentially based on traditional top-down approaches. Digitalization has a role to play primarily in visualization and contextualization but digitalizing of planning alone will not solve problems and past planning mistakes that affect the urban fabric of a neighborhood.</p>

Ken Russell's Wartime Imagery

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
War Films ◽  
Personal Style ◽  
American Cinema ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World ◽  
Wartime Experience ◽  
National Experience

This article traces Ken Russell's explorations of war and wartime experience over the course of his career. In particular, it argues that Russell's scattered attempts at coming to terms with war, the rise of fascism and memorialisation are best understood in terms of a combination of Russell's own tastes and personal style, wider stylistic and thematic trends in Euro-American cinema during the 1960s and 1970s, and discourses of collective national experience. In addition to identifying Russell's recurrent techniques, this article focuses on how the residual impacts of the First and Second World Wars appear in his favoured genres: literary adaptations and composer biopics. Although the article looks for patterns and similarities in Russell's war output, it differentiates between his First and Second World War films by indicating how he engages with, and temporarily inhabits, the stylistic regime of the enemy within the latter group.

Mind Bending, Mental Seduction and Menticide: Brainwashing in British Spy Dramas of the 1960s

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Burton
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Mind Control ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cultural Fantasy

Brainwashing assumed the proportions of a cultural fantasy during the Cold War period. The article examines the various political, scientific and cultural contexts of brainwashing, and proceeds to a consideration of the place of mind control in British spy dramas made for cinema and television in the 1960s and 1970s. Particular attention is given to the films The Mind Benders (1963) and The Ipcress File (1965), and to the television dramas Man in a Suitcase (1967–8), The Prisoner (1967–8) and Callan (1967–81), which gave expression to the anxieties surrounding thought-control. Attention is given to the scientific background to the representations of brainwashing, and the significance of spy scandals, treasons and treacheries as a distinct context to the appearance of brainwashing on British screens.

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