Current strategy of squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
A. P. Polyakov ◽  
A. R. Gevorkov ◽  
A. A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Invasion Depth ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Burn Scar ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma. Usually, antitumor treatment is sufficiently effective: recovery rate is about 90 %. Primary SCC is characterized by variable growth rate, as well as by involvement of regional lymph nodes (from 1 % for well differentiated tumors to 10 % for poorly differentiated tumors, size >3 cm and /or invasion depth >4 mm). In case of SCC development near post-burn scar, the rate of regional metastasis is 10-30 %. A relatively small possibility of distant metastasis also exists, with overall mortality of 2-3 %. In SCC of the head and neck, both hematogenic and perineural advancement into the CNS are possible. Total rate of local recurrences is 25 %. The main factors of local and regional recurrences are location (head and neck), size (tumor diameter >2 cm), invasion depth (>4 mm), tumor differentiation, perineural involvement, patient's immune status and previous treatment. Tumors in areas that weren»t subjected to solar radiation and tumors in the areas of pervious irradiation, thermal damage, scarring or chronic ulcers are more prone to recurrences and metastasis. Poorly differentiated and anaplastic SCC is more likely to metastasize compared to well differentiated tumors. Medially located SCC is the area of the face mask and lip is more prone to neural invasion. Multidisciplinary approach with involvement of all specialists in antitumor treatment is necessary for development of treatment tactics.

HPV18 Associated with E-cadherin Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2638-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simina Boia ◽  
Eugen Radu Boia ◽  
Raluca Amalia Ceausu ◽  
Constantin Nicolae Balica ◽  
Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
E Cadherin

HPV is an important oropharyngeal cancer cause, but it may have a role in other head and neck cancers? HPVpositive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) epithelial-mesenchymal transition role is unclear. We included 38 cases: 20 laryngeal, 3 corresponding lymph nodes; 5 oropharyngeal, 5 hypopharyngeal, 2 rhynopahryngeal, 2 pharyngolaryngeal and 1 naso-sinusal case. Immunoreactivity was positive in nuclear expression cells, accordingly: score 1 (10-30%), 2 (30-50%) and 3 (]50%). HPV18 immunoexpression appeared in 18 cases (47.36%), (11 laryngeal, 4 oropharyngeal, 1 hypopharyngeal, 1 pharyngolaryngeal and 1 naso-sinusal). The score was 1 in larynx well differentiated type. The score was between 1 and 3 in larynx moderately differentiated types, and a significant correlation HPV18/E-cadherin was found (p=0.031). HPV18+/E-cadherin low values were noticed in larynx, oropharynx, pharyngo-larynx and naso-sinusal well and moderately differentiated types. HPV18-/E-cadherin low values were present in larynx, hypo and rhyno-pharynx moderately and poorly differentiated and larynx well differentiated types. Larynx presented HPV18/E-cadherin and moderately differentiated type significant correlation. Rhyno, hypo-pharyngeal and laryngeal presented HPV18�/E-cadherin low values association for moderately, poorly and undifferentiated types. The oropharyngeal location was associated with E-cadherin maximum values, independently of HPV18 status.

Factors Associated with Recurrence and Regional Adenopathy for Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna N. Harris ◽  
Ahmed Bayoumi ◽  
Shyam Rao ◽  
Michael G. Moore ◽  
D. Gregory Farwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Objective Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. With advanced CSCC of the head and neck, there is conflicting evidence on what constitutes high-risk disease. Our objective is to evaluate which factors are predictive of recurrence and nodal spread and survival. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary academic institution. Subjects and Methods Patients with advanced head and neck CSCC treated with primary resection identified by chart review. Results A total of 212 patients met inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 70.4 years; 87.3% were men. Mean tumor diameter was 3.65 cm, with an average depth of invasion of 1.38 cm. The mean follow-up time was 35 months (median, 21.5), and over that period 67 recurrences were recorded, 49 of which were local. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of disease-free survival for the cohort was 53.2%. On Cox multivariate analysis, recurrent disease, perineural invasion (PNI), and poorly differentiated histology were independent predictors of recurrence. On multinomial logistic regression, patients with primary tumors on the ear, cheek, temple, or lip, as well as those with PNI, were more likely to present with nodal metastasis. Conclusion For advanced CSCCs of the head and neck, patients with recurrent disease, PNI, and poorly differentiated tumors are at highest risk for local recurrence. Patients with tumors or the ear, cheek, temple, or lip, as well as those with PNI, are at increased risk of harboring nodal disease.

scholarly journals Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Perineural Invasion: A Prospective Study Examining Anatomic Site, Tumor Surface Diameter, Invasion Depth, and Grade of Differentiation in 1,772 Consecutive Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. e2020059
Author(s):  
John H. Pyne ◽  
Esther Myint ◽  
Simon P. Clark ◽  
Maddie Gorji ◽  
Ruihang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Invasion Depth ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Surface Diameter ◽  
Poor Differentiation ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may present with perineural invasion (PNI). Objective: To investigate the characteristics of early invasive SCC with or without PNI. Methods: Consecutive SCC excisions were prospectively reviewed from a single Australian community-based practice for 2016-2018. Tumor characteristics recorded were anatomic site, maximum microscopic tumor surface diameter, invasion depth, grade of differentiation, and diameter of nerves with PNI. Results: In total, 1,772 cases were collected. No PNI cases were found on female patients. Seven of the total 10 PNI cases were on facial sites. Maximum average microscopic tumor surface diameters ranged from 10.1 mm (well differentiated) up to 11.0 mm (moderately differentiated). Maximum average invasion depths by differentiation ranged from 1.7 (well differentiated) up to 2.6 mm (poorly differentiated). The PNI cases were as follows: well differentiated (n = 0), moderately differentiated (n = 4), or poorly differentiated (n = 6). Minimum average histopathological margins for well, moderately, and poorly differentiated SCC, respectively, were 1.4, 1.1, and 1.3 mm. Minimum microscopic tumor surface diameters for PNI cases were 7 mm for moderately and 5 mm for poorly differentiated SCC. Minimum microscopic invasion depths for PNI cases were 2.2 mm for moderate and 0.9 mm for poor differentiation. Conclusions: We found early SCC with PNI displayed nerve diameters of 0.1 mm or less and were exclusively on male patients aged 60 or older, on chronically sun-exposed sites of the head and upper midline anterior chest. Histopathological features associated with PNI were moderate and poor differentiation, tumor invasion beyond 0.9 mm, and adjacent lymphocytosis.

scholarly journals Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising in hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1984735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F Roy ◽  
Simon F Roy ◽  
Feras M Ghazawi ◽  
Erica Patocskai ◽  
Annie Bélisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

We present a case of a 64-year-old man who presented with a rapidly growing tumor in the left buttock and intergluteal cleft area, which was affected by hidradenitis suppurativa. The patient was on tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors for hidradenitis suppurativa for 2 years prior to the development of the mass. Initial biopsy of the mass showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with spindle cells and positive epithelial immunomarkers. Subsequent excisional biopsy of the tumor showed an infiltrating poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma composed of islands of atypical sarcomatoid spindle cells. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in hidradenitis suppurativa is a rare complication which may occur secondary to chronic inflammation and epidermal hyperproliferation in hidradenitis suppurativa–affected areas.

scholarly journals Altered Coagulation Pattern in Different Histological Grades of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Kiran Shaikh ◽  
Ghulam Shah Nizamani ◽  
Yar Muhammad Nizamani ◽  
Naila Nizamani ◽  
Amin Fahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coagulation Profile ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background: The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma has doubled in the last three decades associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of bleeding and/or thrombosis in advanced stage cancer necessitates a need for research in blood coagulation abnormalities in malignancy. The objective of the present study was to determine the alteration in coagulation pattern among patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Pathology department of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad over a period of 06 months. A total of 126 samples were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Both male and female patients of all age groups having SCC of skin, gastrointestinal and genital tract were included. The coagulation profile was analyzed by Sysmax CA 50 and Nycocard reader II. Data was entered into SPSS version 22.0 and results were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients with SCC in the present study was 55.5 ± 12 years with more male patients (n=81; 64.3%) as compared to females (n=45; 35.7%). Oral SCC was found to be the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma (43.7%). Majority of the patients had well differentiated SCC (42.1%) followed by moderately differentiated (40.5%) and poorly differentiated SCC (17.4%). The comparison of severity of SCC with coagulation profile revealed that PT (P=0.01), APTT (P=0.001), D-dimers (P=0.01 and TT (P=0.01) were significantly increased, whereas fibrinogen was significantly decreased (P=0.001). Conclusions: The histological differentiation of SCC (from well differentiated to poorly differentiated tumors) showed a highly significant association with different coagulation profile parameters like PT, APTT, BT, CT, D-dimer, TT, and fibrinogen levels.

scholarly journals Prediction of the degree of pathological differentiation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on radiomics analysis of magnetic resonance images

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoting Yu ◽  
Chencui Huang ◽  
Jingxu Xu ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Yuyao Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Pathological Differentiation ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Abstract Background Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most difficult malignancies to control. It displays particular and aggressive behaviour even at an early stage. The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of radiomics based on magnetic resonance fat-suppressed T2-weighted images in predicting the degree of pathological differentiation of TSCC. Methods Retrospective analysis of 127 patients with TSCC who were randomly divided into a primary cohort and a test cohort, including well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated. The tumour regions were manually labelled in fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI), and PyRadiomics was used to extract radiomics features. The radiomics features were then selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The model was established by the logistic regression classifier using a 5-fold cross-validation method, applied to all data and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Results In total, 1132 features were extracted, and seven features were selected for modelling. The AUC in the logistic regression model for well-differentiated TSCC was 0.90 with specificity and precision values of 0.92 and 0.78, respectively, and the sensitivity for poorly differentiated TSCC was 0.74. Conclusions The MRI-based radiomics signature could discriminate between well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated TSCC and might be used as a biomarker for preoperative grading.

scholarly journals ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 018-026
Author(s):  
Sofia Ali Syed ◽  
Mulazim Hussain Bukhari ◽  
Riaz Ahmed Warraich ◽  
Fauzia Quadir ◽  
Asifa Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinico-pathologicalparameters and the status of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions stain in various histologicalgrades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional studywas conducted on fifty cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The specimen were collectedfrom the department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and processed for hematoxylin and eosinstain and AgNOR stain Pathology Laboratory, King Edward Medical University Lahore. Results:Bidi smoking is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The AgNOR (mAgNOR andpAgNOR) status was significantly low in well differentiated and moderately differentiatedcompared to poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (p =0.001). AgNOR size inpoorly differentiated was significantly higher than the AgNOR size in well differentiated oralsquamous cell carcinoma. Similarly the distribution of AgNOR in moderately and poorlydifferentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma was significantly high. The AgNORs index wassignificantly high in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma as compared to welldifferentiated and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: The useof AgNORs stain is easy, valid and reliable method to assess the histological grading of oralsquamous cell carcinoma and should be used to predict the prognosis of patients.

Immunological microenvironment in the clinical outcome of some solid tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
G. M Manikhas ◽  
Svetlana I. Kutukova ◽  
N. P Beliak ◽  
G. A Raskin ◽  
A. I Yaremenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinomas

In our clinical research we studied levels of neutrophils, eosinophils and CD8 T-lymphocytes in stroma and microenvironment of the gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (33 patients: 15 with adenocarcinoma and 18 - with head and neck carcinoma). In gastric or colorectal adenocarcinoma expression of neutrophils directly correlates with regional lymph nodes involving, expression of CD8 has inversely correlation with differentiation of the tumor. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma neutrophils expression inversely correlates with keratinization, CD8 expression has inversely correlation with the size of primary tumor and stage, and has direct correlation with keratinization. This study allows to draw a conclusion about heterogeneity of solid tumors depending on immunology of microenvironment, moreover squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck is more “immunocompetent” structure. Correlation analysis revealed prognostic and predictive value of immunological microenvironment, because showed impact of expression of CD8, neutrophils and eosinophils on clinical outcome of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document