BIOLOGICAL DISEASE CONTROL: CONSIDERATIONS FOR SEED TREATMENT AND STAND ESTABLISHMENT

1999 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Roberts ◽  
E.L. Stromberg ◽  
G.H. Lacy ◽  
J.S. Buyer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Biological Disease Control

Potential of zinc seed treatment in improving stand establishment, phenology, yield and grain biofortification of wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (14) ◽  
pp. 1676-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Hassan ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Saddiq ◽  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Stand Establishment

scholarly journals Variability in Sensitivity to Metalaxyl in vitro, Pathogenicity, and Control of Pythium spp. on Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 896-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brantner ◽  
Carol E. Windels
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treatment Sensitivity

Pythium ultimum var. sporangiiferum (76 isolates) and P. aphanidermatum (21 isolates) cultured from diseased sugar beet seedlings in Minnesota and North Dakota were tested for sensitivity to metalaxyl, pathogenicity on sugar beet, and disease control by metalaxyl seed treatment. Sensitivity to metalaxyl (effective concentration causing 50% growth inhibition [EC50]) was determined by linear growth on corn meal agar amended with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg a.i. metalaxyl ml-1 after 48 h in the dark at 21 ± 1°C. Variation among isolates was significant (P = 0.05) within and between species, and EC50 values averaged 0.16 (range: 0.05 to 1.30 μg ml-1) for P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum and 2.06 (range: 1.19 to 3.12 μg ml-1) for P. aphanidermatum. In pathogenicity tests on sugar beet, most isolates of P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum (72 of 76) and all of P. aphanidermatum significantly (P = 0.05) decreased final stands compared to the noninoculated control. There was no correlation between aggressiveness in the absence of metalaxyl and in vitro sensitivity to metalaxyl. When Pythium-infested soil was planted with seed treated with metalaxyl at the standard (0.625 g a.i. kg-1) or half rate, some isolates that were least sensitive to metalaxyl in vitro resulted in a significant (P = 0.05) reduction in disease control. These results may explain, at least in part, why producers do not attain expected stands when they plant metalaxyl-treated sugar beet seed.

Effect of seed damage and metalaxyl seed treatment on pythium seedling blight and seed yield of field pea

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
R. J. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
The Impact

When cool, wet conditions persist after planting, Pythium spp. can be an important constraint to stand establishment in field pea. Laboratory studies and field trials were conducted over 3 yr to assess the impact and evaluate the interactions of Pythium spp., metalaxyl seed treatment and damage to seed on seedling establishment, root rot severity and seed yield of field pea. Seedling emergence, seedling size, and seed yield were reduced by inoculation with Pythium spp. and by mechanical damage to the seed. Fungicide seed treatment reduced the impact of seed damage, but did not always restore seedling emergence and seed yield to the same level as from undamaged seed. Undamaged seed treated with metalaxyl was not affected by inoculation with Pythium spp. Differences among cultivars, although often significant, were small relative to the effect of seed injury. Laboratory studies showed a negative linear relationship between inoculum concentration and emergence from untreated seed. They also showed that Pythium spp. had a similar impact on seedling emergence in cool (20/10°C day/night) and cold (12/6°C) soils. This study showed that planting fungicide-treated, high-quality field seed was an effective means of maximizing emergence and stand establishment for commercial field pea production. Key words: Pisum sativum, seed vigour, metalaxyl, Pythium, seed damage

Eco-friendly management of wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Ciceri in chickpea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandar Kala ◽  
S. Gangopadhyay ◽  
S. L. Godara
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri under in vivo conditions. The effect of organic amendments viz; farm yard manure, vermicompost and mustard cake on disease control potentiality of test antagonists against chickpea wilt and on population dynamics of the antagonists and pathogen in soil was also studied. Maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of F. o. f. sp. ciceri was recorded in presence of P. fluorescens (%) followed by T. harzianum (%) and T. viride (%). Seed treatment with P. fluorescens was more effective in suppressing the disease incidence as compared to T. harzianum and T. viride. The disease control efficacy and population dynamics of all the three test antagonists was enhanced in response to application of organic amendments. Among the three organic amendments tested, mustard cake was most effective in enhancing the disease control potentiality of these antagonists.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF PAPRIKA PEPPER IN RESPONSE TO METHOD OF STAND ESTABLISHMENT

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 275H-275
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
James E. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Raw seed, primed seed, and transplants were compared for effects on stand establishment, plant morphology, and yield of paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Raw seed seemed satisfactory for stand establishment, although primed seed had the potential to provide better initial stands. When populations were equalized, there were few differences in plant growth, plant morphology, or fruit yield attributed to seed treatment. Morphology of plants established by direct seeding generally was favorable for mechanical harvest. Use of transplants did not result in higher marketable fruit yields than direct seeding in two out of three years. When compared to plants established by direct seeding, three trends were consistent across all three years for plants established by transplanting: a) they were more massive: b) they had larger vertical fruiting planes: and c) they had more branches. These traits would increase the difficulty of mechanical harvest and would create the potential for more trash in the harvested product. Thus, transplanting is not recommended for stand establishment of paprika intended for mechanical harvest.

scholarly journals Root parsley protection against damping off

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures

Seed treatment ofroot parsley was done to protect <i>Petroselinum santivum</i> seedlings against damping off. Fungicides used as seed dressers were applied in 3 doses: 3, 5 and 10 g/kg. Seeds were treated with 7 dressers (Table l) used separately and in mixture with 3 g/kg of Rovral 50 WP (50% iprodione) and 1 g/kg of Apron 35 SD (35% metalaxyl). Two seed samples of Berlińska cultivar were used: first sample was strongly infected by <i>Alternaria petroselini</i> and <i>A.radicina</i> both 27,6% and also by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. 5,4% (Test I), and second sample revealed lower percentage of infection 4,6% and 1,2%, respectively (Test II). The experiments were conducted under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. Complete seedlings protection in all experiments was achieved for treatments when fungicide mixture was used in the highest dose (10 g/kg). Decrease of fungicides concentrations were connected with lower effectiveness of disease control. No phytotoxic effects of the tested fungicide mixtures were observed under the glasshouse or field conditions.

Effect of seeding date and depth, seed size and fungicide treatment on Fusarium and Pythium seedling blight of canola

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Seeding Date

Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2015. Effect of seeding date and depth, seed size and fungicide treatment on Fusarium and Pythium seedling blight of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 293–301. Seedling blight has a substantial impact on stand establishment and productivity of canola (Brassica napus) on the Canadian prairies. The effects of seeding date, seed size, seeding depth, and seed treatment fungicides on seedling blight of canola caused by Fusarium avenaceum and Pythium ultimum were evaluated under field conditions. In the trials inoculated with P. ultimum, early seeding reduced seedling emergence and seed yield in all 3 yr of the study. However, the interaction of F. avenaceum with seeding date was not consistent; inoculation with F. avenaceum reduced seedling emergence in early seeded canola in 1 of 4 yr, but emergence was higher in early than in mid-seeded treatments in 2 yr and there was no difference among seeding dates in 1 yr. Late seeding reduced seed yield in 2 of 4 yr in the F. avenaceum study. Seed size and seeding depth generally did not have an effect on seedling establishment or seed yield for either pathogen. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenconazole+metalaxyl+fludioxonil) and Prosper FX (clothianidin+carboxin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl) fungicides increased seedling emergence and yield compared with the F. avenaceum-inoculated control. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra also increased seedling emergence and seed yield compared with the P. ultimum-inoculated control. Manipulation of seeding date did not substantially improve stand establishment or yield of canola when inoculum pressure was high. Seed treatment was the most effective strategy for reducing losses caused by seedling blight of canola in fields infested with F. avenaceum or P. ultimum.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment Using Pre-infiltration and Biocontrol Agents to Reduce Damping-off of Corn Caused by Species of Pythium and Fusarium

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mao ◽  
R. D. Lumsden ◽  
J. A. Lewis ◽  
P. K. Hebbar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Inoculum Rate

Bioassays were conducted in a greenhouse at 18°C to determine the effectiveness of a seed treatment used in combination with biocontrol agents for the reduction of corn damping-off caused by species of Pythium and Fusarium. Corn seeds were infiltrated with tap water, drained, air-dried, and then coated with biomass of an antagonistic fungus, Gliocladium virens isolate Gl-3, or an antagonistic bacterium, Burkholderia cepacia isolates Bc-B or Bc-1, or a combination of Gl-3 with each of the bacterial isolates. A nonsterile field soil was infested with a combination of pathogens: Pythium ultimum, P. arrhenomanes, and Fusarium graminearum at 2 inoculum rates (1× and 4×). Pre-infiltration enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) disease control with most treatments at both inoculum rates. Treatments with biocontrol agents alone or in combination, as well as the fungicide captan, effectively reduced the disease at a pathogen inoculum rate of 1×, resulting in greater (P ≤ 0.05) seedling stands, plant height, and fresh weight, and lower (P ≤ 0.05) root rot severity compared with untreated seeds in infested soil. At a pathogen inoculum rate of 4×, stands were lower (P ≤ 0.01) and root-rot severity was higher (P ≤ 0.01) compared to those at 1× for all treatments. Nevertheless, coating seeds with all biocontrol agents (alone or in combination), except with Bc-1 alone, reduced disease (P ≤ 0.05) compared to untreated seeds in infested soil. At both inoculum rates of 1× and 4×, coating seeds with Gl-3 + Bc-B was more effective (P ≤ 0.05) in disease control than any other treatment, resulting in stands, growth rate (plant height and fresh weight), and root rot severity similar to plants from untreated seeds in noninfested soil. In addition, when the exudate from a 2-h infiltration of corn seed was added to the seeds during seed coating, seedling stand was often lower and root rot severity was often higher than those from infiltrated seeds (P ≤ 0.05). These results indicated that the infiltration process removed certain exudates, including nutrients and/or stimulants (not detected in this study) that might be utilized by pathogens to initiate seed infection. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the exudates showed the presence of eight amino acids and three major carbohydrates.

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