How nozzle type, boom height and wind speed affect the sedimentation spray drift as measured in a wind tunnel

2021 ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
M. Alheidary ◽  
J.P. Douzals ◽  
C. Sinfort
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Nozzle Type

Spray Drift from Dicamba and Glyphosate Applications in a Wind Tunnel

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Sousa Alves ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
João Paulo A. R. da Cunha ◽  
Bruno C. Vieira ◽  
Ryan S. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Downwind Distance ◽  
Fluorescent Tracer ◽  
Drift Potential ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Low Speed Wind Tunnel ◽  
Nozzle Type

With the recent introductions of glyphosate- and dicamba-tolerant crops, such as soybean and cotton, there will be an increase in POST-applied tank-mixtures of these two herbicides. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate drift from dicamba applications. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dicamba with and without glyphosate sprayed through standard and air induction flat-fan nozzles on droplet spectrum and drift potential in a low-speed wind tunnel. Two standard (XR and TT) and two air induction (AIXR and TTI) 110015 nozzles were used. The applications were made at 276 kPa pressure in a 2.2 ms−1 wind speed. Herbicide treatments evaluated included dicamba alone at 560 gaeha−1 and dicamba+glyphosate at 560+1,260 gaeha−1. The droplet spectrum was measured using a laser diffraction system. Artificial targets were used as drift collectors, positioned in a wind tunnel from 2 to 12 m downwind from the nozzle. Drift potential was determined using a fluorescent tracer added to solutions, quantified by fluorimetry. Dicamba droplet spectrum and drift depended on the association between herbicide solution and nozzle type. Dicamba alone produced coarser droplets than dicamba+glyphosate when sprayed through air induction nozzles. Drift decreased exponentially as downwind distance increased and it was reduced using air induction nozzles for both herbicide solutions.

scholarly journals Spray drift and droplet spectrum from dicamba sprayed alone or mixed with adjuvants using air-induction nozzles

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Sousa Alves ◽  
Greg Robert Kruger ◽  
João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Fluorescent Tracer ◽  
Nozzle Type

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the spray drift and droplet spectrum of dicamba applied alone or with potential drift-reducing adjuvants, using air-induction flat fan nozzles. Standard (XR and TT) and air-induction (AIXR and TTI) nozzles were evaluated in a wind tunnel. The adjuvants used were polymer, ammonium sulfate, vegetable oil, and phosphatidylcholine. The applications were conducted at 276 kPa pressure and 3.5 m s-1 wind speed. The droplet spectrum was measured using a laser diffraction system. Round strings were used as drift collectors, positioned perpendicularly to the wind direction, at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 12 m from the nozzle. Drift was calculated by quantifying, through fluorimetry, a fluorescent tracer added to each solution at 1 g L-1. Droplet spectrum and dicamba drift depend on the interaction between spray composition and nozzle type. Air-induction nozzles are more recommended for dicamba applications, especially the TTI nozzle. Polymer and ammonium sulfate increase droplet size in all nozzle types, which may reduce drift to nearby crops.

Effect of Nozzle Type on Spray Drift in Banding Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Nasir Salim Hassen ◽  
Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽  
Jamaluddin Md Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Nozzle Height ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Nozzle Type

The most important problem that faces spraying application process in the field is spray losses as result to spray drift to non target areas by action of air flow. Spray drift from conventional TeeJet even flat nozzle TPE and Drift Guard Even flat nozzle DGE (pre orifice nozzle) for banding application was investigated and compared under wind tunnel conditions. This paper examined effect nozzle heights 50 and 60 cm on spray drift. To determine the effect of wind speed on spray drift, wind tunnel was used to product three cross wind speeds 1, 2 and 3m/s. According to the results from this study, nozzle type affected significantly the spray drift. Increasing wind speeds had a high significant effect on increasing the spray drift. Nozzle height affected significantly the spray drift, the closer the nozzle is to the ground, the more the likelihood of spray drift is minimized. This study supports the use of nozzle type DGE as a means for minimizing spray drift.

Dicamba Spray Drift as Influenced by Wind Speed and Nozzle Type

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Sousa Alves ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
João Paulo A. R. da Cunha ◽  
Denise G. de Santana ◽  
Luís André T. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Fluorescent Tracer ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Drift Potential ◽  
Nozzle Type

With the release of dicamba-resistant crops, it is necessary to understand how technical and environmental conditions affect the application of dicamba. This study sought to evaluate drift from dicamba applications through flat-fan nozzles, under several wind speeds in a wind tunnel. Dicamba applications were performed through two standard (XR and TT) and two air induction (AIXR and TTI) 110015 nozzles at 0.9, 2.2, 3.6 and 4.9 ms−1 wind speeds. The applications were made at 276 kPa pressure and the dicamba rate was 561 g ae ha-1. The droplet spectrum was measured using a laser diffraction system. Artificial targets were used as drift collectors, positioned in a wind tunnel from 2 to 12 m downwind from the nozzles. Drift potential was determined using a fluorescent tracer added to solutions, quantified by fluorimetry. The air induction TTI nozzle produced the lowest percentage of dicamba drift at 2.2, 3.6 and 4.9 ms−1 wind speeds at all distances. Dicamba spray drift from XR, TT and AIXR nozzles increased exponentially as wind speed increased, whereas from TTI nozzle drift increased linearly as wind speed increased. Drift did not increase linearly as the volume percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm and wind speed increased.

Effect of Nozzle Angleson Spray Losses Reduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Nasir S. Hassen ◽  
Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽  
Jamaluddin Md Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Nozzle Height ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Flat Fan Nozzle

Spray losses are the most important problem that is faced in the spray application process as result of spray drift to non target areas by the action of air flow.This paper investigated the spray drift for banding applicationusing even flat-fan nozzle TPEunder wind tunnel conditions.In addition, this paper also examined the effect of different spray fan angles 65°, 80° and 95° on spray drift particularly where there is need to make the nozzle operate at the optimum heights above the ground or plant level.In addition, three cross wind speeds 1, 2 and 3m/swere produced to determine the effect of wind speed on total spray drift.According to the results from this study, the nozzle anglehas a significant effect on the total spray drift. The nozzle angle 65° gave the highest drift reduction compared to the other nozzle angles. The maximum driftfor all nozzles was found at nozzle height of 60 cm. The minimum mean value of the drift was found at wind speed of 1 m/s. This study supports the use of nozzle angles of less than 95° on heights more than 0.5m and on wind speeds more than 1m/s as a means for minimizing spray drift.

scholarly journals Effect of working pressure at different spray nozzles on drift quantification in wind tunnel

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Gandolfo ◽  
Fernando K. Carvalho ◽  
Rodolfo G. Chechetto ◽  
Ulisses D. Gandolfo ◽  
Eder D. de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Tunnel Floor

Each year, there is an increase in pesticide consumption and in its importance of use in the large-scale agricultural production, being fundamental the knowledge of application technology to the activity success. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of working pressure on the drift generated by different spray nozzles, assessed in wind tunnel. The treatments were composed of two spray nozzles AXI 110015 and AXI 11002 with pressure levels of 276 and 414 kPa. The spray solution was composed by water and NaCl at 10%. The applications were conducted at wind speed of 2.0 m s-1, being the drift collected at 5.0; 10.0 and 15.0 m away from the spray boom and at heights of 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 e 1.0 m from the tunnel floor. To both spray nozzles, the greatest drift was collected at the smallest distance to the spray-boom and at the lowest height. The AXI 11002 nozzle gave a smaller drift relative to the AXI 110015 nozzle for the two tested pressures and for all the collection points. Regardless of the nozzle, a rise in the working pressure increases the spray drift percentage at all distances in the wind tunnel.

scholarly journals Drift Evaluation of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Sprayer: Effect of Liquid Pressure and Wind Speed on Drift Potential Based on Wind Tunnel Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7258
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Shengde Chen ◽  
Guobin Wang ◽  
Yubin Lan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Liquid Pressure ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Drift Potential ◽  
Test Platform

Background: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) applied to agricultural plant protection is widely used, and the field of operation is expanding due to their high efficiency and pesticide application reduction. However, the work on pesticide drift lags behind the development of the UAV spraying device. Methods: We compared the spray drift potential at four liquid pressures of 2, 3, 4, and 5 bar ejected from the hydraulic nozzles mounted on a UAV test platform exposed to different wind speeds of 2, 4, and 6 m/s produced by a wind tunnel. The combination of the wind tunnel and the UAV test platform was used to obtain strict test conditions. The droplet size distribution under spray drift pressures was measured by a laser diffraction instrument. Results: Increasing the pressure leads to smaller droplet volume diameters and produced fine droplets of less than 100 µm. The deposition in the drift area was elevated at most of the sampling locations by setting higher pressure and faster wind speed. The deposition ratios were all higher than the flow ratios under three wind speeds after the adjustment of pressures. For most samples within a short drift distance (2–8 m), the drift with the rotor motor off was more than an order of magnitude higher than that with the rotor motor on at a pressure of 3 bar. Conclusions: In this study, the wind speed and liquid pressure all had a significant effect on the UAV spray drift, and the rotor wind significantly inhibited a large number of droplets from drifting further.

scholarly journals Nozzle Type and Driving Speed Effects on Spray Density of Aerial Application According to the Wind Tunnel Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Nasir Salim Hassen ◽  
Nor Azwadi Che Sidik
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Software Performance ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Spray Density ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Slow Wind ◽  
Nozzle Type

Spray density (Number of droplets/cm2) is an important component of agricultural spraying processes. In the field, assessment of the spray density under effect of a number of variables such as nozzle type and driving speed without take in account the effect of cross wind speed is insufficient. In this study, to simulate field spray operation, tests were carried out in wind tunnel using automatic spraying mechanism to investigate and to clarify effect of three types of flat fan nozzle tip spray at three driving speeds under effect three cross wind speeds on spray density. Water sensitive papers (WSPs) were used to collect spray density data. Spray density was calculated through image processing program software. Performance of spray nozzles was validated relative to experimental data of a TP11003 reference nozzle. Results indicated that XR11003 nozzle behavior was to some extent similar to that TP11003 nozzle under effect slow wind speed. It is also noticed that the spray density value decreased with increasing driving speed and wind speed, the spray density value with driving speed of 2.2 m/s and wind speed of 1 m/s was the best, reaching 64.3 droplet /cm2. While the spray density value with driving speed of 5.5 m/s and wind speed of 3 m/s was the least, reaching 3.8 droplet /cm2. The current study presents that the use of DG11003 nozzle gives the best control spray density data under effect very windy conditions to the reference nozzle.

Extremely Gusty Winds from a Viewpoint of Aerodynamic Force

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Maeda ◽  
Takashi Takeuchi ◽  
Eriko Tomokiyo ◽  
Yukio Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Aerodynamic Force ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Wind Force ◽  
Wind Observation

To quantitatively investigate a gusty wind from the viewpoint of aerodynamic forces, a wind tunnel that can control the rise time of a step-function-like gust was devised and utilized. When the non-dimensional rise time, which is calculated using the rise time of the gusty wind, the wind speed, and the size of an object, is less than a certain value, the wind force is greater than under the corresponding steady wind. Therefore, this wind force is called the “overshoot wind force” for objects the size of orbital vehicles in an actual wind observation. The finding of the overshoot wind force requires a condition of the wind speed recording specification and depends on the object size and the gusty wind speed.

Spray Drift and Recovery As Affected by Spray Thickener, Nozzle Type, and Nozzle Pressure

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 0213-0218 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Bode ◽  
B. J. Butler ◽  
C. E. Goering
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drift ◽  
Nozzle Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Type
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document