Spray Drift and Recovery As Affected by Spray Thickener, Nozzle Type, and Nozzle Pressure

With the recent introductions of glyphosate- and dicamba-tolerant crops, such as soybean and cotton, there will be an increase in POST-applied tank-mixtures of these two herbicides. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate drift from dicamba applications. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dicamba with and without glyphosate sprayed through standard and air induction flat-fan nozzles on droplet spectrum and drift potential in a low-speed wind tunnel. Two standard (XR and TT) and two air induction (AIXR and TTI) 110015 nozzles were used. The applications were made at 276 kPa pressure in a 2.2 ms−1 wind speed. Herbicide treatments evaluated included dicamba alone at 560 gaeha−1 and dicamba+glyphosate at 560+1,260 gaeha−1. The droplet spectrum was measured using a laser diffraction system. Artificial targets were used as drift collectors, positioned in a wind tunnel from 2 to 12 m downwind from the nozzle. Drift potential was determined using a fluorescent tracer added to solutions, quantified by fluorimetry. Dicamba droplet spectrum and drift depended on the association between herbicide solution and nozzle type. Dicamba alone produced coarser droplets than dicamba+glyphosate when sprayed through air induction nozzles. Drift decreased exponentially as downwind distance increased and it was reduced using air induction nozzles for both herbicide solutions.

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Spray drift and droplet spectrum from dicamba sprayed alone or mixed with adjuvants using air-induction nozzles

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000600005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 693-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guilherme Sousa Alves ◽

Greg Robert Kruger ◽

João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Tunnel ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Laser Diffraction ◽

Spray Drift ◽

Fluorescent Tracer ◽

Nozzle Type

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the spray drift and droplet spectrum of dicamba applied alone or with potential drift-reducing adjuvants, using air-induction flat fan nozzles. Standard (XR and TT) and air-induction (AIXR and TTI) nozzles were evaluated in a wind tunnel. The adjuvants used were polymer, ammonium sulfate, vegetable oil, and phosphatidylcholine. The applications were conducted at 276 kPa pressure and 3.5 m s-1 wind speed. The droplet spectrum was measured using a laser diffraction system. Round strings were used as drift collectors, positioned perpendicularly to the wind direction, at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 12 m from the nozzle. Drift was calculated by quantifying, through fluorimetry, a fluorescent tracer added to each solution at 1 g L-1. Droplet spectrum and dicamba drift depend on the interaction between spray composition and nozzle type. Air-induction nozzles are more recommended for dicamba applications, especially the TTI nozzle. Polymer and ammonium sulfate increase droplet size in all nozzle types, which may reduce drift to nearby crops.

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Carrier Volume and Nozzle Effect on 2,4-D and Glufosinate Performances in Hazelnut Sucker Control

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15317-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (11) ◽

pp. 1848-1852

Author(s):

Larissa Larocca de Souza ◽

Marcelo L. Moretti

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Field Studies ◽

Corylus Avellana ◽

Spray Drift ◽

Spray Nozzle ◽

Drift Field ◽

Spray Volume ◽

Carrier Volume ◽

Nozzle Type ◽

Flat Fan Nozzle

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) basal sprouts, or suckers, are removed to train trees as a single trunk, facilitating mechanization. Suckers are routinely controlled with herbicides, often by using nozzles that generate fine droplets and spray volumes as high as 934 L·ha−1, making spray drift a concern. Spray nozzle type and carrier volume can impact herbicide efficacy and drift. Field studies compared the efficacy of 2,4-D and glufosinate in controlling suckers when applied with a flat-fan nozzle, producing fine droplets, to a TeeJet air-induction nozzle, producing ultra-coarse droplets. These nozzles were evaluated at 187 and 374 L·ha−1. Nozzle and carrier volume did not affect the efficacy of 2,4-D based on control, sucker height, or dry weight. The efficacy of glufosinate was unaffected by nozzle type or spray volume in most evaluations. These results indicate that hazelnut suckers can be effectively controlled using drift-reduction nozzles with lower carrier volumes (187 L·ha−1). Drift-reduction nozzles, coupled with lower spray volume, can maintain herbicide efficacy, minimize drift risk, and reduce cost.

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How nozzle type, boom height and wind speed affect the sedimentation spray drift as measured in a wind tunnel

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2021.1315.75 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 513-520

Author(s):

M. Alheidary ◽

J.P. Douzals ◽

C. Sinfort

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Tunnel ◽

Spray Drift ◽

Nozzle Type

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Effect of Nozzle Type on Spray Drift in Banding Application

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.520 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 465-466 ◽

pp. 520-525

Author(s):

Nasir Salim Hassen ◽

Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽

Jamaluddin Md Sheriff

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Tunnel ◽

Air Flow ◽

Spray Drift ◽

Application Process ◽

Nozzle Height ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Nozzle Type

The most important problem that faces spraying application process in the field is spray losses as result to spray drift to non target areas by action of air flow. Spray drift from conventional TeeJet even flat nozzle TPE and Drift Guard Even flat nozzle DGE (pre orifice nozzle) for banding application was investigated and compared under wind tunnel conditions. This paper examined effect nozzle heights 50 and 60 cm on spray drift. To determine the effect of wind speed on spray drift, wind tunnel was used to product three cross wind speeds 1, 2 and 3m/s. According to the results from this study, nozzle type affected significantly the spray drift. Increasing wind speeds had a high significant effect on increasing the spray drift. Nozzle height affected significantly the spray drift, the closer the nozzle is to the ground, the more the likelihood of spray drift is minimized. This study supports the use of nozzle type DGE as a means for minimizing spray drift.

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Dicamba Spray Drift as Influenced by Wind Speed and Nozzle Type

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2017.61 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 724-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Guilherme Sousa Alves ◽

Greg R. Kruger ◽

João Paulo A. R. da Cunha ◽

Denise G. de Santana ◽

Luís André T. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Tunnel ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Laser Diffraction ◽

Spray Drift ◽

Fluorescent Tracer ◽

Volume Percentage ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Drift Potential ◽

Nozzle Type

With the release of dicamba-resistant crops, it is necessary to understand how technical and environmental conditions affect the application of dicamba. This study sought to evaluate drift from dicamba applications through flat-fan nozzles, under several wind speeds in a wind tunnel. Dicamba applications were performed through two standard (XR and TT) and two air induction (AIXR and TTI) 110015 nozzles at 0.9, 2.2, 3.6 and 4.9 ms−1 wind speeds. The applications were made at 276 kPa pressure and the dicamba rate was 561 g ae ha-1. The droplet spectrum was measured using a laser diffraction system. Artificial targets were used as drift collectors, positioned in a wind tunnel from 2 to 12 m downwind from the nozzles. Drift potential was determined using a fluorescent tracer added to solutions, quantified by fluorimetry. The air induction TTI nozzle produced the lowest percentage of dicamba drift at 2.2, 3.6 and 4.9 ms−1 wind speeds at all distances. Dicamba spray drift from XR, TT and AIXR nozzles increased exponentially as wind speed increased, whereas from TTI nozzle drift increased linearly as wind speed increased. Drift did not increase linearly as the volume percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm and wind speed increased.

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