scholarly journals IRVING JOHN GILL: THE BIRTH OF AMERICAN MODERNISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Vasily D. FILIPPOV

The story of the life and the fi rst stages of the work of the American architect Irving John Gill, which led to the emergence of modernist architecture “on the very edge of America,” in Southern California, is presented. The author describes in detail the infl uences that the architect experienced in his work and which, in their totality, led him to the creation of the principles of new architecture and new style. The infl uence on their formation of the Chicago school is emphasized, in particular his work in the workshop with Adler and Sullivan, and the theoretical ideas of Louis Sullivan. The principles of Gill’s architecture are compared with the principles of the architecture of European modernism that appeared ten years later, as set forth by Walter Gropius.

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
John E. Baur ◽  
William B. Friedricks

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Albert L. Hurtado ◽  
William B. Friedricks

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Jan Wrana

The European reaction of the leading architects towards the period of international style, “The idea of style has yet again become up-to-date. The modern style, covering the whole world, is uniform and coherent...” [4], promoted at the exhibition “Modernist architecture” organized in Museum of Art in New York by architects Henry Russell Hitchcock and Philips Johnson, was immediate. The leading European architects: a) Walter Gropius wrote: “The aim of Bauhaus was not to promote one particular style...” [4], b) Le Corbusier formulated “Fundamental principles of aesthetics” [4], c) Bruno Taut wrote: “Five assumptions of new architecture” [4]. The message that “The form follows the function” became the very principle of modernism. The year 1972, when the blocks of flats in St. Louis, US were blown up, and the year of the actual end of the ideology originating from CIAM, is the agreed time marked as the end of modernism. It was a few years after Le Corbusier’s death (1965) - the death of the unchallenged spiritual ideologist of modernism.


2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 343-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Holland ◽  
Iain Jackson

The architect Maxwell Fry (1899–1987) is widely recognized as one of the key protagonists in the development of Modernist architecture in Britain. Discussion of this role perhaps inevitably tends to focus on Fry's early involvement in the Modern Architectural Research (MARS) Group and his inter-war work, particularly his prestigious partnership with the Bauhaus-founder Walter Gropius. Post-war, emphasis shifts to Fry's advancement of ‘Tropical Architecture’ in former British colonies with his wife and partner, the architect Jane Drew (1911–96). Despite a string of important commissions on home soil, their post-war work in Britain has been sidelined due to a historical narrative focused on the rise of ‘New Brutalism’. This article contributes to a reassessment of Fry, Drew and Partners’ work in 1950s and 1960s Britain. It uses the Pilkington Brothers’ Headquarters (1955–65) in St Helens as a case study to examine post-war industrial patronage and how this affected the architectural approach of the project's lead designer, Maxwell Fry. In particular, it investigates his background in civic design at Charles Reilly's Liverpool School of Architecture. Furthermore, it examines Fry's reassessment of pre-war Modernist theory and practice during the mid-1950s and his response to the younger generation of MARS members, such as the Smithsons and Denys Lasdun.


Author(s):  
Holly Folk

Chapter five addresses the eclipse of D. D. Palmer by his son, in leading both the proprietary school and the burgeoning chiropractic profession. B. J. Palmer presented himself as the rightful heir and loyal exponent of his father’s ideas, but he used legal measures and the court of opinion to block D. D.’s involvement in the chiropractic movement. It is in this climate of marginalization, the chapter argues, that D. D. Palmer made his most elaborate “religious turn,” with the creation of the Third Chiropractic Theory. Living in Southern California, D. D. Palmer befriended the metaphysical writer William Juvenal Colville. This chapter analyzes the Third Chiropractic Theory, and considers the possible influence of Theosophical ideas for its emphasis on “Tone” and “Vibration.” It compares D. D. Palmer’s Chiropractic Philosophy with the spiritual theories proposed by Andrew Taylor Still, creator of osteopathy, after he was sidelined from his profession.


2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Crane

The Chicago School of antitrust is often thought to have killed off antitrust enforcement beginning in the late 1970s. In fact, although Chicago school prescriptions were significantly more laissez-faire than the structuralist school Chicago replaced, antitrust enforcement did not die under Chicago's influence. Rather, by directing antitrust to focus on technical economic analysis, Chicago contributed to the creation of a large and entrenched class of antitrust professionals—economists and lawyers—with a vested interest in preserving antitrust as a legal and regulatory enterprise. Today, Chicago School's consumer welfare standard and specific enforcement prescriptions are coming increasingly under political pressure and may be replaced or supplemented in the near term. But Chicago's redirection of antitrust toward technical economic analysis and technocratic reasoning seems likely to remain a durable legacy.


Author(s):  
Milagros García Vázquez

En 1933, un gobierno totalitario cerraba las puertas de una de las comunidades artísticas más significativas para la Historia del Arte del siglo XX y del actual, tanto desde el punto de vista de la creación, como de la pedagogía de las artes: la Bauhaus. Aquella clausura no supuso, sin embargo, su fin. En 1937 tomaría su testigo la New Bauhaus, abierta en Chicago por László Moholy-Nagy, uno de los profesores más influyentes en la plantilla de aquella institución creada por Walter Gropius en 1919. Su nombre ha variado desde entonces, «Chicago School of Design» (1939), «Institute of Design» (1944), hasta llegar a integrarse en el «Illinois Institute of Technology», existente en la actualidad. El paréntesis entre dos guerras mundiales había sido ocasión para el encuentro de artistas, especialistas en diversos ámbitos de la creación y de diferentes orígenes culturales, con un objetivo común, formar a otros creadores para «desear, proyectar y crear todos juntos la nueva estructura del futuro», como decía Gropius en el manifiesto original. Su pretendido final, impuesto por un régimen político, encontró su punto y aparte en un estado democrático al otro lado del Atlántico, dando pie no solo a una iniciativa mantenida a nivel académico en el Instituto de Illinois, sino inspirando a otra, fuera de las estructuras estatales, que puede servir a su vez como ejemplo de aplicación creativa del presente disenso en las culturas democráticas. Precisamente en Chicago surgiría, en 1990, un proyecto de la mano de la Fundación MacArthur, para potenciar la diversidad artística y cultural y orientarla hacia una meta, reconocer y promover procesos creativos y nuevas ideas como cauces esenciales en la mejora de la vida. Se dotaría económicamente a una serie de instituciones artísticas, colonias, comunidades o residencias de artistas, para celebrar un encuentro llamado «Special Initiative on Artists». De aquella reunión que tuvo lugar en 1991, surgió la creación de un consorcio internacional de comunidades artísticas, hoy conocida como «Alliance of Artists Communities», donde la formación y la puesta en común de trabajos y nuevos proyectos son los ejes fundamentales. Quizá pueda ser este un ejemplo de salto creativo por encima de las barreras de las políticas del consenso, si fracasan, o del desacuerdo, si tienen lugar.


Author(s):  
Chelsea Nichols ◽  
Linda Waters

This article takes an in-depth look at Louise Henderson’s cubist-inspired painting Les Deux Amies (1953), which she painted upon her return to New Zealand after a year studying in Paris with cubist artist Jean Metzinger. Using a combination of formal analysis, infrared imaging and a study of her materials, we go beneath the surface of the painting to find new insights into the creation of this important work, which helped introduce European modernism to the conservative local art scene. In particular, this paper argues that “undressing” the figures in Les Deux Amies reveals a rich, hidden record of how Henderson worked through key questions about material construction, subject matter and composition at a crucial moment in her artistic career.


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