TO EXPLORE THE UNEXPLORED—A GEOLOGIST'S PATH A MEMOIR OF JOVAN STÖCKLIN (1921–2008)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-421
Author(s):  
JAMAL GHAVI
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Himalayas ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Field Geology ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT This article provides a brief survey of the life and career of Swiss geologist Jovan Stöcklin (1921–2008) with highlights of some of his important findings and extensive references to his published works. Additionally, it includes exclusive information and photographs provided by the late geologist's family. Dr. Stöcklin belonged to a generation of geologists who believed in field geology and followed their conviction that any theories or models needed to be—above all—based on direct observation of nature. Even early in his career, he hungered to conduct large-scale reconnaissance work in areas that were geologically unknown. That is why his expeditions took him to the most remote parts of Iran, where at that time camels were the only means of transportation. He also trekked through the rugged central mountains of Nepal, accompanied by Nepalese geologists and a column of porters. Fieldwork by Dr. Stöcklin and his teams provides modern geologists with much of what we know today about an area thousands of square kilometers in size extending from Iran (Persia) all the way to the central Himalayas. In addition to his native German tongue, Dr. Stöcklin was fluent in French, English, Russian, and Persian. This allowed him to converse with geologists from many different nations, read and correlate their published research, and exposed him to many ideas he might not otherwise have known about. He published his research in many languages as well. Dr. Stöcklin also acquired a comprehensive knowledge of the geology of the Middle East and Central Asia from his extensive travelling. Today's geologists owe many thanks to Dr. Stöcklin. As the reader of this article will come to discover, we have much we can learn from him.

scholarly journals Four Puzzles of Reputation-Based Cooperation

Human Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Giardini ◽  
Daniel Balliet ◽  
Eleanor A. Power ◽  
Szabolcs Számadó ◽  
Károly Takács
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
The Way

AbstractResearch in various disciplines has highlighted that humans are uniquely able to solve the problem of cooperation through the informal mechanisms of reputation and gossip. Reputation coordinates the evaluative judgments of individuals about one another. Direct observation of actions and communication are the essential routes that are used to establish and update reputations. In large groups, where opportunities for direct observation are limited, gossip becomes an important channel to share individual perceptions and evaluations of others that can be used to condition cooperative action. Although reputation and gossip might consequently support large-scale human cooperation, four puzzles need to be resolved to understand the operation of reputation-based mechanisms. First, we need empirical evidence of the processes and content that form reputations and how this may vary cross-culturally. Second, we lack an understanding of how reputation is determined from the muddle of imperfect, biased inputs people receive. Third, coordination between individuals is only possible if reputation sharing and signaling is to a large extent reliable and valid. Communication, however, is not necessarily honest and reliable, so theoretical and empirical work is needed to understand how gossip and reputation can effectively promote cooperation despite the circulation of dishonest gossip. Fourth, reputation is not constructed in a social vacuum; hence we need a better understanding of the way in which the structure of interactions affects the efficiency of gossip for establishing reputations and fostering cooperation.

Feasibility of the Use of 3D Models to Improve Regional Locations in W. China, Central Asia, and Parts of the Middle East

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Ritzwoller ◽  
Nikolai M. Shapiro ◽  
Anatoli L. Levshin ◽  
Eric A. Bergman ◽  
Eric R. Engdahl
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
3D Models

A Turbulent Silk Road: China's Vulnerable Foreign Policy in the Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Andrea Ghiselli ◽  
Pippa Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Chinese Workers

Abstract The nexus between China's human and economic presence abroad and its security policy is increasingly important. Within this nexus, this study statistically explores whether and to what extent Chinese contractors reduce the number of Chinese nationals they send to work in North Africa, the Middle East and the Horn of Africa when the security situation in host states worsens. We find no significant evidence that either warnings from Chinese embassies and consulates to leave host countries or expert perceptions of host stability influence the number of Chinese workers. Worker numbers appear to decrease significantly only in the aftermath of large-scale violent events. These findings suggest that Chinese companies are relatively acceptant of security risks and uncertainties, despite the decade-long regulatory efforts of the Chinese government to make them more security-conscious overseas and, thus, to reduce pressure to use diplomatically and economically expensive military means for their protection.

scholarly journals Rabies in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, North Africa: Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Taylor ◽  
Victor Del Rio Vilas ◽  
Terence Scott ◽  
Andre Coetzer ◽  
Joaquin M. Prada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
North Africa

Events in Northern Africa and Middle East: Causes and Consequences

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
I. Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oriental Studies

Political developments in North Africa and the Middle East that have begun in January 2011 are gaining strength and involve an increasing number of Arab countries. The participants of the Roundtable – experts from IMEMO, Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS), Institute of the USA and Canada (RAS) and Mrs. E. Suponina from “Moscow News” newspaper analyzed a wide range of issues associated with these events. Among them are: 1) the reasons for such a large-scale explosion, 2) the nature of the discussed developments (revolutions, riots?) and who are the subjects of the current “Arab drama”, 3) the role of Islam and political Islamism, 4) the role of external factors.

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