scholarly journals Mindfulness in the Development of the Cognitive Sphere: Evaluation of the Short-Term Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Dyakov ◽  
A.I. Slonova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Formative Experiment ◽  
Therapy Program

The aim of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of Mindfulness technology for the development of cognitive functions. Hypothesis — Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has an impact on the development of the cognitive processes of the subject in youth, with the most pronounced effect being observed in the increasing accuracy of attention. The authors carried out a formative experiment that was designed to determine the short-term effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, as a part of the “third wave” of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The research sample consisted of 30 people (8 boys and 22 girls) aged 18 to 22 years. It was empirically found out that MBCT had a positive effect on the accuracy and efficiency of attention, as well as short-term memory. Repeated testing of the participants’ cognitive abilities revealed a significant improvement in these parameters. The results extend the idea of the organization of cognitive functions and allow a new approach to the problem of the development of cognitive abilities.

scholarly journals REMOTE CONSEQUENCES OF PESTICIDE POLLUTION ON THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (333) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
U.N. Kapysheva ◽  
◽  
Sh.K. Bakhtiyarova ◽  
A.K. Baimbetova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the state of short-term memory, sustainability and concentration of attention among rural residents living in places of long-term pesticidal pollution. The study of cognitive functions in residents was performed using the special Neurosoft computer base program. A significant decrease (by 20%) in the number of people with a high level of development of short-term memory by numbers and images was revealed. An increase of 18% in the number of people with poorly developed cognitive abilities is shown both when remembering information on numbers and images, as well as when concentration and stability of attention is on the desired object. At the same time, the memory capacity of residents with a high level of development of the function of memorizing information, both for numbers and images, was at the same level as the benchmarks and ranged from 61% to 67% of the amount of information proposed for memorization. The study showed that living in a zone of long-term pesticidal pollution worsens cognitive functions - memory and attention, upsets the balance of the main nervous processes - excitation and inhibition, and increases the risk of developing nervous disorders.

scholarly journals Exposure to and recall of violence reduce short-term memory and cognitive control

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (32) ◽  
pp. 8505-8510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bogliacino ◽  
Gianluca Grimalda ◽  
Pietro Ortoleva ◽  
Patrick Ring
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Term Memory

Previous research has investigated the effects of violence and warfare on individuals' well-being, mental health, and individual prosociality and risk aversion. This study establishes the short- and long-term effects of exposure to violence on short-term memory and aspects of cognitive control. Short-term memory is the ability to store information. Cognitive control is the capacity to exert inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Both have been shown to affect positively individual well-being and societal development. We sampled Colombian civilians who were exposed either to urban violence or to warfare more than a decade earlier. We assessed exposure to violence through either the urban district-level homicide rate or self-reported measures. Before undertaking cognitive tests, a randomly selected subset of our sample was asked to recall emotions of anxiety and fear connected to experiences of violence, whereas the rest recalled joyful or emotionally neutral experiences. We found that higher exposure to violence was associated with lower short-term memory abilities and lower cognitive control in the group recalling experiences of violence, whereas it had no effect in the other group. This finding demonstrates that exposure to violence, even if a decade earlier, can hamper cognitive functions, but only among individuals actively recalling emotional states linked with such experiences. A laboratory experiment conducted in Germany aimed to separate the effect of recalling violent events from the effect of emotions of fear and anxiety. Both factors had significant negative effects on cognitive functions and appeared to be independent from each other.

scholarly journals Polygenic Scores for Cognitive Abilities and their Association with Different Aspects of General Intelligence – a Deep Phenotyping Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Genç ◽  
Caroline Schlüter ◽  
Christoph Fraenz ◽  
Larissa Arning ◽  
Huu Phuc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dna Variants ◽  
Trait Prediction ◽  
Deep Phenotyping

AbstractIntelligence is a highly polygenic trait and GWAS have identified thousands of DNA variants contributing with small effects. Polygenic scores (PGS) can aggregate those effects for trait prediction in independent samples. As large-scale light-phenotyping GWAS operationalized intelligence as performance in rather superficial tests, the question arises which intelligence facets are actually captured. We used deep-phenotyping to investigate the molecular determinantes of individual differences in cognitive ability. We therefore studied the association between PGS of educational attainment (EA-PGS) and intelligence (IQ-PGS) with a wide range of intelligence facets in a sample of 320 healthy adults. EA-PGS and IQ-PGS had the highest incremental R2s for general (3.25%; 1.78%), verbal (2.55%; 2.39%) and numerical intelligence (2.79%; 1.54%) and the weakest for non-verbal intelligence (0.50%; 0.19%) and short-term memory (0.34%; 0.22%). These results indicate that PGS derived from light-phenotyping GWAS do not reflect different facets of intelligence equally well, and thus should not be interpreted as genetic indicators of intelligence per se. The findings refine our understanding of how PGS are related to other traits or life outcomes.

On the Role of Cognitive Abilities in Second Language Vowel Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-280
Author(s):  
Payam Ghaffarvand Mokari ◽  
Stefan Werner
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Phonological Learning ◽  
Before And After

This study investigated the role of different cognitive abilities—inhibitory control, attention control, phonological short-term memory (PSTM), and acoustic short-term memory (AM)—in second language (L2) vowel learning. The participants were 40 Azerbaijani learners of Standard Southern British English. Their perception of L2 vowels was tested through a perceptual discrimination task before and after five sessions of high-variability phonetic training. Inhibitory control was significantly correlated with gains from training in the discrimination of L2 vowel pairs. However, there were no significant correlations between attention control, AM, PSTM, and gains from training. These findings suggest the potential role of inhibitory control in L2 phonological learning. We suggest that inhibitory control facilitates the processing of L2 sounds by allowing learners to ignore the interfering information from L1 during training, leading to better L2 segmental learning.

Acute Cognitive Therapy in Reducing Suicide Risk Following a Presentation to an Emergency Department

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Anthony Catanese ◽  
Michael Stephen John ◽  
John Di Battista ◽  
David M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Psychosocial Crisis

AbstractThe ACT (Acute Cognitive Therapy) Program was implemented as a patient follow-up initiative to respond to people presenting to emergency departments with suicidal behaviour or ideation, in a psychosocial crisis. Over 12 months 188 patients were referred to the program of which 160 attended at least one appointment and 109 completed the program. Pre- and postmeasures indicated that significant improvement occurred in those who completed the program, that improvements were maintained at 6 months and representation rates were reduced. Immediate short-term directed treatment appears beneficial in the short and medium term, and the rapidity and location of follow-up appears to promote compliance.

Distributed Cognitive Functions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

This chapter discusses cognitive functions with a largely distributed neural basis within the framework of contemporary cognitive neuroscience. The following are described: arousal/attention, memory (short-term, or working memory; episodic memory; semantic memory; and implicit memory), and higher-order cognitive function such as planning, problem-solving and set-shifting, motivation, inhibitory control, social cognition, and emotion processing. Each function in placed in the context of its neural basis, with a brief description of the disorders that may affect these cognitive abilities. Methods of assessment at the bedside and by using neuropsychological tasks are also outlined.

EEG frequency and the size of cognitive neuronal assemblies

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid von Stein ◽  
Johannes Sarnthein
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Neuronal Assemblies ◽  
Target Article

We have performed a set of experiments that correlate EEG spectral parameters with cognitive functions. The tasks (visual perception, supramodal object recognition, short-term memory) were chosen so that the cortical area involved extended over different length scales. The extent of the cognitive neuronal assemblies correlated inversely with the frequency where EEG synchronization was found. This provides a further relation between experiment and the theory put forward in the Nunez target article.

EVALUATING SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO WI-FI SIGNALS ON STUDENTS’ REACTION TIME, SHORT-TERM MEMORY AND REASONING ABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Hosseini ◽  
A Hosseini ◽  
S Jarideh ◽  
H Argasi ◽  
F Shekoohi-Shooli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract This study investigated the effect of short-term exposure to Wi-Fi signals on the cognitive functions of the mind. After obtaining permission from the local Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and approval by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT2017041233398N1), 45 male and female students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences volunteered to participate in this study. They were exposed to Wi-Fi signals in two sham and exposure sessions, each for 2 hours. After completion, they took part in reaction time, short-term memory, and reasoning ability tests. After scoring, the data were analysed by SPSS software. In addition, the electric field strength and power density were calculated. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of reaction time, short-term memory, and reasoning ability in sham and exposure. Also, the obtained values from the electric field strength and power density (E = 4.1 Vm−1, P = 0.446 Wm−2) were lower than that of threshold values by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Our results can greatly reduce concerns regarding the effects of short-term exposure to Wi-Fi waves on cognitive functions.

Comparison of cognitive functions among frail and prefrail older adults: a clinical perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Bispo da Silva Alves ◽  
Elizabete de Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Daniel de Moraes Pimentel ◽  
Lara S. F. Carneiro ◽  
Ana Carolina M. A. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Global Cognition

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare cognitive function among frail and prefrail older adults.Design:Cross-sectional clinical study.Participants:Fifty-one non-institutionalized older individuals participated in this study.Measurements:Cognitive functions were evaluated through Mini-Mental State Examination (Global Cognition), Digit Span Forward (short-term memory), Digit Span Backward (working memory), Verbal Fluency Test (semantic memory/executive function). Data were compared using parametric and non-parametric bivariate tests. Binary logistic regression was used to test a frailty prediction model. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.01 to compare groups. In the regression model, the p value was set to be ≤0.05.Results:Statistically significant differences were observed in global cognition, and short-term memory between frail and prefrail individuals (p ≤ 0.01). Global cognition explained 14–19% of frailty's model.Conclusion:According to our findings, the evaluation of cognitive functions among older persons with frailty and prefrailty provides important complementary information to better manage frailty and its progression.

scholarly journals The impact of cognitive behavioral therapy with program (Self- Instructions)

2019 ◽  
pp. 537-565
Author(s):  
Waffa Abdul Al-kareem
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Social Rehabilitation ◽  
Self Instruction ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to identify the effect of behavioral cognitive therapy on with(self–instruction by Meichenbaum)in psychologic and social rehabilitation of patients with residual schizophrenia at(Ibn-Rush Hospital for psychologic diseases)Baghdad, in order to achieve the aim of research, also the static analysis sample has been used that consist of(120)patients with residual schizophrenia, one case has been diagnosed which get lowest degrees for applying the program on it, also build a therapy program according to the presented problem on the scale. after the therapy program has finished with individual therapy method on sample, the results show that program is effective in psychologic and social rehabilitation.

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