scholarly journals Incidental information processing and verbal intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
E.V. Gavrilova ◽  
S.S. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Creative Task ◽  
Verbal Tasks

This article aims to reveal interaction between verbal intelligence and efficiency of intentional and incidental verbal information processing. Participants were exposed to pairs of words about which they have to decide whether a city name was presented in each pair. Thus, semantics of words was processed intentionally, whereas their phonemic features (rhymed vs. unrhymed pairs) were processed incidentally. The efficiency of stimuli processing was estimated in two different cognitive tasks – word free-recall task and word usage in new creative task. It was found that verbal intelligence was positively correlated with number of recalled stimuli which were congruent to both intentional and incidental processing conditions. Moreover, verbal intelligence was positively correlated with usage of incongruent stimuli which were processed incidentally in creative task. The results are discussed in terms of contemporary frameworks of information processing in verbal tasks.

scholarly journals Selective processing of threatening information: Effects of attachment representation and anxiety disorder on attention and memory

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
INGEBORG A. ZEIJLMANS VAN EMMICHOVEN ◽  
MARINUS H. VAN IJZENDOORN ◽  
CORINE DE RUITER ◽  
JOS F. BROSSCHOT
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Attachment Representations ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Threatening Information

To investigate the effect of the mental representation of attachment on information processing, 28 anxiety disorder outpatients, as diagnosed by the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule—Revised, were administered the Adult Attachment Interview and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. They also completed an emotional Stroop task with subliminal and supraliminal exposure conditions, a free recall memory task, and a recognition test. All tasks contained threatening, neutral, and positively valenced stimuli. A nonclinical comparison group of 56 participants completed the same measures. Results on the Stroop task showed color-naming interference for threatening words in the supraliminal condition only. Nonclinical participants with insecure attachment representations showed a global response inhibition to the Stroop task. Clinical participants with secure attachment representations showed the largest Stroop interference of the threatening words compared to the other groups. Results on the free recall task showed superior recall of all types of stimuli by participants with secure attachment representations. In the outpatient group, participants with secure attachment representations showed superior recall of threatening words on the free recall task, compared to insecure participants. Results on the recognition task showed no differences between attachment groups. We conclude that secure attachment representations are characterized by open communication about and processing of threatening information, leading to less defensive exclusion of negative material during the attentional stage of information processing and to better recall of threatening information in a later stage. Attachment insecurity, but not the type of insecurity, seems a decisive factor in attention and memory processes.

Articulatory Rehearsal Is More Than Refreshing Memory Traces

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Nishiyama ◽  
Jun Ukita
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Serial Position Curves

This study examined whether additional articulatory rehearsal induced temporary durability of phonological representations, using a 10-s delayed nonword free recall task. Three experiments demonstrated that cumulative rehearsal between the offset of the last study item and the start of the filled delay (Experiments 1 and 3) and a fixed rehearsal of the immediate item during the subsequent interstimulus interval (Experiments 2 and 3) improved free recall performance. These results suggest that an additional rehearsal helps to stabilize phonological representations for a short period. Furthermore, the analyses of serial position curves suggested that the frequency of the articulation affected the durability of the phonological representation. The significance of these findings as clues of the mechanism maintaining verbal information (i.e., verbal working memory) is discussed.

Acquisition and Clustering in Multiple-Trial Free Recall as a Function of Meaningfulness of Dissyllables

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Marianne W. Segal ◽  
Gayle A. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Superior Recall ◽  
Associative Relatedness

Lists of 10 dissyllables varying in meaningfulness were presented to subjects in a multiple-trial free recall task. Measures of recall and clustering showed superior recall and greater amounts of clustering for the high-meaningful list than for the low-meaningful list. Differential item integration and associative relatedness were mechanisms employed to explain the differences.

scholarly journals It matters how to recall – task differences in retrieval practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-728
Author(s):  
Tino Endres ◽  
Lena Kranzdorf ◽  
Vivien Schneider ◽  
Alexander Renkl
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Situational Interest ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
Calibration Free ◽  
Metacognitive Calibration

AbstractThe type of a recall task may substantially influence the effects of learning by retrieval practice. In a within-subject design, 54 university students studied two expository texts, followed by retrieval practice with either short-answer tasks (targeted retrieval) or a free-recall task (holistic retrieval). Concerning the direct effects of retrieval practice, short-answer tasks led to increased retention of directly retrieved targeted information from the learning contents, whereas free-recall tasks led to better retention of further information from the learning contents. Concerning indirect effects, short-answer tasks improved metacognitive calibration; free-recall tasks increased self-efficacy and situational interest. These findings confirm the assumption that the effects of retrieval practice depend on the type of recall task: short-answer tasks help us remember targeted information units and foster metacognitive calibration. Free-recall tasks help us remember a broader spectrum of information, and they foster motivational factors.

Investigating predictors of trauma induced data-driven processing and its impact on attention bias and free recall

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Paul Corrigan ◽  
Donncha Hanna ◽  
Kevin F.W. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Memory Integration ◽  
Analogue Trauma

AbstractBackground:Whilst data-driven processing (DDP) during trauma has been shown to play a role in poor memory integration and is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) re-experiencing symptoms, the pre-trauma risk factors and related cognitive mechanisms are uncertain.Aims:This experimental study aimed to investigate predictors of peri-traumatic DDP, as well as its role in attention bias to threat and free recall.Method:A virtual reality video was used to simulate an analogue trauma. Questionnaires, a free recall task, and an eye-tracking measure assessed cognitive changes after exposure.Results:Regression analysis demonstrated that trait dissociation at pre-exposure to trauma significantly predicted DDP. Attention bias towards threat-related images was found. Results showed that DDP and poorer free recall predicted attention bias to threat images and higher levels of DDP actually predicted higher overall scores in the free recall task.Conclusions:This study showed that DDP is strongly linked to dissociative traits, and along with memory disintegration it may predict attention changes after exposure to a trauma.

Locus of Control and Recall of Death-Related versus Neutral Words

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Gilligan ◽  
Michael R. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control

The present study examined the hypothesis that subjects with an external locus of control orientation would exhibit more anxiety when given a free-recall task involving death-related words than would subjects with an internal locus of control orientation. The hypothesis was confirmed in that external subjects required significantly more trials to recall correctly death-related words than did internal subjects. The results suggested that locus of control orientation and death-related stimuli interact to produce the interference observed on the free-recall task.

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