The Effect of Neural Entropy during Deep Brain Stimulation of Cortex-Basal Ganglia Network Model.

Design Engineering ◽

10.17762/de.vi.8165 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16089-16097

Author(s):

Aditya Robin Singh, Vikash Yadav

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Field Potentials ◽

Single Unit Recordings ◽

High Frequency Stimulus ◽

Deep Brain ◽

Stimulation Of

Researchers reported decreased nerve entropy Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have abnormalities in their basal ganglia (BG). Studies of local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the hypothalamus and single unit recordings of GP neurons showed this reduction to be significant. According to this hypothesis, these changes are consistent with changes in the ability of the basal ganglion network to encode PD information. Our deep brain stimulation of cortical basal ganglia (DBS) model includes single LFP recordings and shows how entropy changes during DBS. In addition to the extracellular stimulation of supplied STN fibers and LFP mimetics, which are detected differently on a registered electrode, this model includes osteoclast activation and anti-apoptosis. In the DBS network, the firing pattern fluctuated between high-frequency and low-frequency stimuli, since gp neurons in the network showed a decrease in entropy when a high-frequency stimulus was applied and an increase in entropy when a low-frequency stimulus was applied. Second hand. Changes in neural entropy after DBS have been reported experimentally. The simulation results were consistent

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Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Insula in Chronic Pain: A Theoretical Framework

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11050639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 639

Author(s):

David Bergeron ◽

Sami Obaid ◽

Marie-Pierre Fournier-Gosselin ◽

Alain Bouthillier ◽

Dang Khoa Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Brain Lesion ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Posterior Insula ◽

Deep Brain ◽

Stimulation Of

Introduction: To date, clinical trials of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for refractory chronic pain have yielded unsatisfying results. Recent evidence suggests that the posterior insula may represent a promising DBS target for this indication. Methods: We present a narrative review highlighting the theoretical basis of posterior insula DBS in patients with chronic pain. Results: Neuroanatomical studies identified the posterior insula as an important cortical relay center for pain and interoception. Intracranial neuronal recordings showed that the earliest response to painful laser stimulation occurs in the posterior insula. The posterior insula is one of the only regions in the brain whose low-frequency electrical stimulation can elicit painful sensations. Most chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, had abnormal functional connectivity of the posterior insula on functional imaging. Finally, preliminary results indicated that high-frequency electrical stimulation of the posterior insula can acutely increase pain thresholds. Conclusion: In light of the converging evidence from neuroanatomical, brain lesion, neuroimaging, and intracranial recording and stimulation as well as non-invasive stimulation studies, it appears that the insula is a critical hub for central integration and processing of painful stimuli, whose high-frequency electrical stimulation has the potential to relieve patients from the sensory and affective burden of chronic pain.

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Failure to suppress low-frequency neuronal oscillatory activity underlies the reduced effectiveness of random patterns of deep brain stimulation

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00822.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (6) ◽

pp. 2791-2802 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

George C. McConnell ◽

Rosa Q. So ◽

Warren M. Grill

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Single Unit ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Neuronal Firing ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

Firing Patterns ◽

Deep Brain

Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms of action of DBS are unknown. Random temporal patterns of DBS are less effective than regular DBS, but the neuronal basis for this dependence on temporal pattern of stimulation is unclear. Using a rat model of PD, we quantified the changes in behavior and single-unit activity in globus pallidus externa and substantia nigra pars reticulata during high-frequency STN DBS with different degrees of irregularity. Although all stimulus trains had the same average rate, 130-Hz regular DBS more effectively reversed motor symptoms, including circling and akinesia, than 130-Hz irregular DBS. A mixture of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal responses was present during all stimulation patterns, and mean firing rate did not change during DBS. Low-frequency (7–10 Hz) oscillations of single-unit firing times present in hemiparkinsonian rats were suppressed by regular DBS, and neuronal firing patterns were entrained to 130 Hz. Irregular patterns of DBS less effectively suppressed 7- to 10-Hz oscillations and did not regularize firing patterns. Random DBS resulted in a larger proportion of neuron pairs with increased coherence at 7–10 Hz compared with regular 130-Hz DBS, which suggested that long pauses (interpulse interval >50 ms) during random DBS facilitated abnormal low-frequency oscillations in the basal ganglia. These results suggest that the efficacy of high-frequency DBS stems from its ability to regularize patterns of neuronal firing and thereby suppress abnormal oscillatory neural activity within the basal ganglia.

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