scholarly journals REVIEW OF CHARACTERISTICS OF ALNUS GLUTINOSA STANDS QUALITY ACCORDING TO FOREST TYPES AND AGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Ziedonis Miklašēvičs
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Root System ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Bare Root

Due to the interest in Alnus glutinosa as the plantation species has increasesed in Latvia during last years, a structural unit “LVM Sēklas un stādi” of State Stock Company “Latvijas Valsts Meži” (Latvia’s State Forests) offers to the local market Alnus glutinosa bare root seedlings with an advanced root system obtained from Alnus glutinosa seeds growed in planting such selected seedlings in cutovers and for land reforestation theorectically will allow the land owner to increase the value of forest and the profit from its management. Practically, this prospects should be evaluated from the perspective of forest health.Therefore, the purpose of this study were to: (1) estimate the incidence of heart colouring and stem decay in Alnus glutinosa stands in different forest types and ages, (2) identify and measure heart colouring area /heartwood hard rot stage area diameter and soft rot stage area diameter/ cavity diameter of the stumps, (3) evaluate the relationships between stand species composition (forest types) and Alnus glutinosa stands age  on heart colouring/heartwood hard rot stage and soft rot stage/cavity incidence, (4) by analysing the results to work out  the recommendations  to improve  the  forest managment in forest stands where Alnus glutinosa stands from plantations are growing. 

Monitoring natural stand change in the forest reserve of Liedekerke, Flanders (Belgium)

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van den Meersschaut ◽  
B. De Cuyper ◽  
K. Vandekerkhove ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Sweet Chestnut

Natural  stand changes in the forest reserve of Liedekerke were analysed during the  period    1986-1996, using a permanent grid of circular plots. The monitoring  concentrated on natural    changes in species composition, using stem number and basal area as  indicators, and changes    in spatial distribution and colonization capacities of trees and shrubs,  with special interest in the    competition between exotic and indigenous species. After only a decade of  monitoring important    natural changes in the woody layer were detected. The pioneer forest is  gradually maturing    through self-thinning processes and shifts in species composition. The  overall stem number    decreased with 33.6%, while the basal area increased with 20.9%. Birch (Betula pendula/    pubescens) and indigenous oak (Quercus robur/petraea) remained  dominant. More tolerant    exotic species, like red oak (Quercus rubra) and sweet chestnut (Castanea  sativa), are slowly    increasing their share in the species composition and expanding their  range. Pioneer species on    the other hand, like aspen (Populus tremula), willow (Salix  capreaicinerealaurita), alder buckthorn    (Frangula alnus) and  common (Alnus glutinosa)  and grey alder (A. incana),  strongly declined.    Black cherry (Prunus serotina) seems to be slowly invading the forest due to its  massive    natural regeneration. Strong competition may be expected especially from  rowan ash (Sorbus    aucuparia), which showed similar regeneration  and colonization capacities. Elder (Sambucus    nigra) dramatically extented its range, though  its share remains marginal. Beech remained absent    most probably due to the lack of mature trees in the vacinity of the  forest. Finally this    change detection allowed that general predictions could be made on the  future natural development    and composition of this forest reserve, which could serve forest management  decisions.

scholarly journals Phyllostomidae assemblage (Chiroptera: Mammalia) in altitudinal forests at the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M. Mello ◽  
Pedro H. Nobre ◽  
Marco A. Manhães ◽  
Alexmar S. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Ecological Relevance ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus

ABSTRACT Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012) and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species) belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%), Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%), Artibeus lituratus (8.7%) and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%). The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Height-diameter Allometry of Three Forest Types in Northern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttaluck Khamyong ◽  
◽  
Prasit Wangpakapattanawong ◽  
Sutthathorn Chairuangsri ◽  
Angkhana Inta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Tree Species Composition

How Tree Roots Gather Oxygen from Soil for Energy Supply by Respiration

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 824-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Frick ◽  
Dietrich Woermann ◽  
Wolfgang Grosse
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Root System ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Convective Gas Flow ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Convective Volume

Abstract The gas exchange between the root system of the European alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) and the surrounding soil is studied using four-year-old trees. For the experiments the root system connected to its stump is exposed to gases of different molar mass. The stump is cut above the soil surface and in contact with the external atmosphere. A net convective volume flow of gas from the soil into the roots and out of the stump is observed if the mean molar mass of the gas present in the soil is lower than that present in the intercellular space of the roots. The direction of the convective gas flow can be reversed by increasing the molar mass of the gas present in the soil. These phenomena are governed by Graham 's law of diffusion. They demonstrate the importance of gas convection for the gas exchange in tree roots.

scholarly journals Mono-specific forest plantations are valuable bat habitats: implications for wind energy development

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Buchholz ◽  
Volker Kelm ◽  
Simon J. Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Bat Conservation ◽  
Wind Energy Development

AbstractNear-natural or semi-natural forests such as relatively undisturbed and old deciduous or mixed woodland are considered worth protecting and ecologically valuable habitats for bat conservation. In contrast, mono-specific forest plantations are considered ecologically less valuable; thus, decision-makers recommend these plantations as suitable locations for wind power stations and therefore want to further expand wind turbines in these habitats. This is expected to have a strong negative impact on the landscape because forests would be cleared for wind turbine pads and access roads and wind turbines rise above the trees with adverse impacts for bats. Therefore, we argue that, in light of bat conservation, the suitability of forest plantations for wind energy development is not, per se, warranted and that implications of wind power stations, even in mono-specific forest plantations, should be assessed and evaluated. We conducted long-term bat activity monitoring and recorded bat echolocation calls above the canopies of different forest sites (coniferous monoculture plantations and semi-natural mixed deciduous forests) in Germany and compared different forest types in terms of species richness, total bat activity, activity of the three bat species groups and species composition. Generalised linear models revealed that forest type and the amount of forest biotopes did not enhance bat activity. Ordination showed that species composition was not affected by forest type, location and connectivity. Mono-specific forest plantations can harbour a diverse bat fauna with high species activity and are, therefore, valuable bat habitats just as near-natural or semi-natural woodlands are. Environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures are vital in all forest types before and after planning for wind energy turbines. In particular, future planning and approval processes must consider the importance of mono-specific forest plantations for bat species protection.

Ecology of Alnus Glutinosa (L.) Gaertn: IV. Root System

1956 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. McVean
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa

scholarly journals Distribution and habitats of Paphiopedilum Pfitzer (Orchidaceae) known to occur in Bhutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 14101-14111
Author(s):  
Dhan Bahadur Gurung ◽  
Nima Gyeltshen ◽  
Kezang Tobgay ◽  
Stig Dalström ◽  
Jangchuk Wangdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Open Forest

Paphiopedilum fairrieanum, P. spicerianum, and P. venustum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) are reported to occur in Bhutan, of which the former is known to be Critically Endangered and the latter two are Endangered.  Based on numerous field trips conducted over the last decade, populations of P. fairrieanum and P. venustum were located in Bhutan.  No individual of P. spicerianum, however, was found despite many search attempts.  Its occurrence in Bhutan may have been originally erroneous.  Based on the accessibility of the habitats, six 10m × 10m quadrats were defined to enumerate the plant species found in the Paphiopedilum habitats.  Vegetation analyses and cluster dendrograms of the plant species composition indicated the presence of three forest types with distinct species compositions.  Paphiopedilum fairrieanum was found growing mainly as a lithophyte on seasonally dry limestone cliffs or on limestone outcrops with a comparatively open forest canopy.  These populations were mostly located on southwest- or northwest-facing slopes with soil pH ranging from 7.1 to 7.8.  Paphiopedilum venustum, in contrast, was a ground-dwelling species restricted to relatively dense forests with soil pH ranging from 7.1 to 7.5.

scholarly journals Bare-root Shade Tree Whip Production in Containers

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 806A-806
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Sowing Seed

A method is described for producing bare-root shade tree whips in containers. Whip production is begun in February in heated greenhouses by sowing seed. Seedlings are transplanted to copper-treated containers and grown in a greenhouse until May, when they are moved outdoors and transplanted to No. 3 copper-treated containers. In October (8 months after seeding), plant heights range from 1 to 2 m. Several media have been developed that result in rapid growth, while separating readily from the root system by hand-shaking. Bare-root plants placed in refrigerated storage for 6 months and repotted, retained high survival and regrowth potential. The system combines the handling ease of bare-root stock with the high survival and regrowth potential of container stock.

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