Oral Health Status of Autistic Children in India

Autism is one of the most severe childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Autistic individuals are characterized by impairment in social interaction with a restricted range of interests and often, stereotyped repetitive behaviors. Studies on oral health conditions in children with autism are sparse. The complicated disability itself makes clinical research difficult. Aim: The need for baseline information regarding the oral health status of children with autism is essential. Method: The present study assessed the oral health status of 106 autistic children aged 4 to 15 years in Bangalore city, India. The dental caries was recorded according to the WHO criteria; oral hygiene was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) and its modification for deciduous dentition. The behavior of children towards dental treatment was also assessed using the Frankel's behavior rating scale. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results showed that caries experience among autistic children was lower; however they were found to have more debris and calculus deposits. Conclusions: Negative behavior towards dental treatment was seen in autistic children.

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ORAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG 3- TO 15-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN FROM THE PRIVATE SCHOOL WHICH FOLLOWED DIETARY ADVICE AND THE PRIVATE SCHOOL WHICH DID NOT FOLLOWS DIETARY ADVICE IN PUDUCHERRY, INDIA

10.36106/ijsr/7314095 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-76

Author(s):

Anand M Hiremath ◽

Vikneshan Vikneshan ◽

Nivedita C B ◽

H.G. Raju ◽

Shruti S Vandakudri

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Private School ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Cohort Study Design

Background:The assessment of oral health status of children in private school which followed dietary advice and the private school which did not follow dietary advice provide data on the oral health status of children from different socio-economic background. Aim:The aim of the following study is to assess and to compare the gingival status and caries experience between children from the private school which followed dietary advice and the private school which did not follow dietary advice in puducherry, INDIA Subjects and Methods:Retrospective cohort study design was done. Exposure status was the school following dietary advice and unexposed was not following. Random sampling was employed to select the study participants. Oral hygiene status, gingival status and caries experience was assessed and compared among 3 to 15-year-old children from the private school which followed dietary advice and the private school which did not follow dietary advice. The examination was carried out by trained and calibrated investigators using a mouth mirror and explorer under natural daylight Results: A total of 233 children (137 students from private school which did not follow dietary advice and 96 students from private school which followed dietary advice) were examined in the study. The mean decayed missing lled teeth were higher among private school children which did not follow dietary advice compared with private school which followed dietary advice children. A signicantly higher number of children in the private school which did not follow dietary advice had poor oral hygiene status, moderate to severe gingivitis and caries experience. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral diseases was relatively less among children from private schools which followed dietary advice in comparison with those from the private school which did not follow dietary advice.

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A descriptive assessment of oral hygiene and salivary parameters among identical and non-identical twins

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v3e32015711-720 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Ganesh Shenoy Panchmal ◽

Kelvin Peter Pais ◽

Praveen Dinatus ◽

Pai Vinitha ◽

Sabin Siddique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Identical Twins ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Cross Sectional

AIM: This study was to evaluate saliva parameters of identical and non identical twins with their dental caries and oral hygiene status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the oral health status and investigate the salivary parameters of identical and non–identical twins in Kodhini Village, Kerala. The WHO Oral Health Assessment Form was used to record the oral health status. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Gingival Bleeding Index were also included. Unstimulated saliva was collected. Immunoglobulin A levels in saliva was estimated by Turbidimetric Immunoassay. Salivary Cortisol was analysed using ELISA method. For TAC thiobarbituric acid reactive from Fenton’s reaction. RESULTS: Since the absolute difference of the salivary parameters between the pairs of twins was not symmetrically distributed, we report median and interquartile range to describe these differences. There were no observed significant variations in the above salivary parameters. CONCLUSION: The similarity in their environmental factors as well as perhaps the similar genetic predisposition on salivary factors has led to the similarity in the dental caries experience in these twin children.

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Oral health status, attitudes and gender variations among governmental school children at Al-Mafraq governate – Jordan

Dentistry 3000 ◽

10.5195/d3000.2021.141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leena Smadi ◽

Lara Kharma ◽

Asma’a Abu Abed ◽

Eman Bny Mfarej ◽

Asma Abdalmohdi

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dmft Index

Objectives: Calculate the prevalence and severity of dental caries and periodontal health among school students aged 12-18 years old and their attitudes toward dental health and oral hygiene at Al-Mafraq governate- Jordan.Materials and methods: Demographic and oral behavioral information were collected; students aged 12-18 years old from six public schools distributed over three districts in Al-Mafraq governate over a six-month period had a full oral and dental examination. DMFT index (Decay, Missing, Filling, Teeth) was used to measure caries experience. Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) of Löe and Silness were used to evaluate the oral health status. T - test was used for statistical evaluation. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 1165 students were examined, 51% never had been to a dentist or had any previous dental treatment, 39.6% of the students examined never brushed their teeth and 61.85 % had dental caries. The (SiC) was 4.72 with a decay representing 93.53%. Females brush their teeth more frequent than males with a statistically significant difference; p< 0.001. Females showed lower DMFT index (1.81) and compared to males (2.25) with a statistically significant difference. Females showed lower SiC (4.164) compared to males (5.186) with a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in PI p= 0.590, and GI; p= 0.852.Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries among students in Al-Mafraq governate and the significant caries index were substantially higher than the target goals of WHO/ FDA of year 2015 with more than 90 % of unmet treatment needs. Girls showed better oral hygiene habits compared to boys and exhibited less dental caries experience. However, periodontal status did not differ significantly between both genders.

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Oral Health Status Among Adults With and Without Prior Active Duty Service in the U.S. Armed Forces, NHANES 2011-2014

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa355 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David K Schindler ◽

Gabriela V Lopez Mitnik ◽

Aida M Soliván-Ortiz ◽

Scott P Irwin ◽

Shahdokht Boroumand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Military Service ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Health Care Need ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

The U.S

ABSTRACT Introduction Many veterans qualify for health benefits but generally not dental care. This study examines differences in oral health status between veterans and nonveterans in the U.S. to determine how various factors, including socioeconomic, general health, and tobacco use, impact former service members’ oral health. Materials and Methods Data from 11,539 dentate adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014) were used. Outcome variables included decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), filled teeth (FT), caries experience (DMFT), and periodontitis (PD). Covariates included demographic and socioeconomic factors, deployment, smoking, depression, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess associations between these factors and oral health outcomes. Results Veterans represent about 9% of the U.S. population. There was a higher prevalence of PD, MT, FT, and DMFT among veterans than nonveterans. Veterans were more likely to have PD (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.5) and higher DMFT (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.4); however, after controlling for other covariates, military service was only associated with FT (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6) and higher DMFT (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9). Conclusions Because veterans are more likely to originate from groups at a higher risk for poor oral health (older adults, smokers, males, diabetics), the prevalence of adverse oral health conditions are higher among veterans compared to nonveterans. Overall, military service is not associated with PD or untreated dental caries but is associated with indicators suggesting veterans have had more dental treatment (FT and DMFT). There is substantial unmet oral health care need primarily related to periodontitis among veterans.

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Oral Health Status of Disabled Individuals Oral Health Status of Disabled Individuals Attending Special Schools

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697854 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 361-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Ceyhan Altun ◽

Gunseli Guven ◽

Ozlem Marti Akgun ◽

Meltem Derya Akkurt ◽

Feridun Basak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Special School ◽

Special Schools ◽

The Disabled ◽

Age Range

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the dmft-DMFT indexes and the oral hygiene status of 136 individuals attending a special school for the disabled.Methods: Participants were grouped according to disability [Mental Retardation (MR), Cerebral Palsy (CP), Autistic Disorder (AD), Down Syndrome (DS), Other (OTH)] and age [2-6 years (n=24), 7-12 years (50 children) and 13+ years (62 children]. Caries examinations were carried out in accordance with WHO criteria and oral cleanliness was evaluated by visually assessing the presence of plaque on teeth.Results: The age range of patients was 2-26 years (mean age: 11.89±5.19 years). Mean dmft and DMFT scores by age group were as follows: 2-6 years: dmft=2.04±2.24; 7-12 years: dmft=2.24±2.60, DMFT=0.98±2.58; 13+years: DMFT=2.68±2.91. Overall, 15.4% of children had no caries or fillings. While dmft and DMFT levels (P>.05) did not vary significantly by type of disability, oral cleanliness did. Children with autism were observed to maintain the best oral hygiene and those with mental retardation (MR), the poorest.Conclusions: It is important for the dentist to concentrate on a preventive approach and provide proper dental education to parents of disabled individuals. Among the children with disabilities, more attention should be paid to the oral hygiene of MR group. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:361-366)

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Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among Intellectually Disabled in Madurai

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/2229411218762044 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1-2) ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

S. Dheepthasri ◽

M. Taranath ◽

Bharath Kumar Garla ◽

Muthu Karuppaiah ◽

Umesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

World Health ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Intellectually Disabled ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional Survey

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among intellectually disabled (ID) people in Madurai city. Objectives: To evaluate the oral health status and treatment needs among ID people in Madurai city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 133 ID people obtaining training at special schools in Madurai. After obtaining the parental consent of the participants, oral health was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) proforma 1997 and oral hygiene level was assessed using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, version 22.0 for Windows). Results: The result of the present study shows higher prevalence of oral problems in mentally retarded subjects with 31.6% periodontal disease, 49.6% dental caries, and 39.1% poor oral hygiene status, among the study participants. Conclusion: This study gives sufficient evidence to suggest that the oral health status of this disabled population was poor, and there was an increased unmet dental treatment needs.

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Oral Health of Autistic Children and Awareness of Care Providers towards their Oral Hygiene

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47754.14530 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sanu Susan Sam ◽

Vabitha Shetty ◽

Vijayalekshmy Amma

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Dental Disease ◽

Care Providers ◽

Autistic Children

Introduction: Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disease characterised by qualitative abnormalities in reciprocal social interaction and patterns of communication. The incidence of autism has increased in recent years and therefore, the possibility of dentists encountering children with autism is higher. Knowledge about the prevalence of dental disease in these children and the awareness of their care providers towards oral health is crucial to provide quality dental healthcare. Aim: To evaluate the oral health status of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to assess the awareness of the parents/care providers regarding their oral health. Materials and Methods: This study was a two-stage cross-sectional study carried out in July, August 2015 at AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, affiliated to NITTE Deemed to be University. Twenty children diagnosed with ASD formed the study group while 20 healthy children formed the control group. A clinical examination assessed dental caries (DMFT/dft). Gingival disease and oral hygiene of all children were evaluated using the Loe and Sillness gingival index and simplified oral hygiene index, respectively. Parents/care providers of the autistic children were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the oral hygiene practices and oral health problems of the children. Descriptive statistics were performed for continuous variables, frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test, independent t-test and Chi-square test. Statistical analyses were conducted using EZR software (R version 3.6.3© 2020) and significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: The dft values in the children with autism were significantly lower than the control group (p=0.035). Children with autism had higher DMFT values, however this difference was not found to be significant (p=0.757). No statistically significant differences were found in the gingival and oral hygiene indices amongst the children with autism and their healthy controls, (p=0.811, 0.365, respectively). An 85% (n=17) of children were found to use tooth brush and paste for oral hygiene procedures. An 85% (n=17) of children with autism had supervised tooth brushing while only 20% (n=4) of the children with autism had previously visited a dentist. Most care providers of children with ASD seemed to be unaware of the causative factors of dental disease. Pouching of food was not seen in most of the autistic children. Conclusion: Caries experience in the permanent dentition in the autistic children and healthy children were comparable while autistic children had a lower caries experience in the primary dentition. Both autistic children and healthy children exhibited mild gingival inflammation. Whereas, the oral hygiene status was comparable amongst the two groups of children. Most of the autistic children had assisted tooth brushing (parental), however there were significant lacunae of knowledge in the oral health awareness of the parents/care providers.

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Oral Health Status of Children with Congenital Heart Disease and the Awareness, Attitude and Knowledge of their Parents

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.33.4.2j108w0225241867 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 315-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kavita Rai ◽

Supriya S ◽

Amitha Hegde

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Dental Health ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Parental Awareness

The oral health status of children with congenital heart diseases and the parental awareness on maintaining good oral health and attitude towards preventive dental health measures were evaluated. A total of 170 children between the age group of 1-16yrs belonging to both genders, with the history of congenital heart disease from Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram and Narayana Hrudayalaya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore were examined. Oral lesions and caries experience were recorded using modified WHO oral health assessment form. Oral hygiene of the children with congenital heart disease was found to be poor with tongue coating (50.6%), plaque (41.8%), calculus(35.3%), and caries (42.4%). Parental awareness on the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene, preventive dentistry, medicinal decay and its systemic effects has been found to be very poor. Dentistry should give priority to patients whose general health may be put at risk by poor dental health. Closer cooperation between Pediatrician, Pediatric Cardiologists and Pediatric Dentists could help improve dental care for these children.

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Does non-institutionalized elders have a better oral health status compared to institutionalized ones? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232020256.18252018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 2177-2192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ilky Pollansky Silva e Farias ◽

Simone Alves de Sousa ◽

Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽

Bianca Marques Santiago ◽

Antonio Carlos Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Periodontal Status

Abstract This systematic review compared the oral health status between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs and Cochrane Library, in a comprehensive and unrestricted manner. Electronic searches retrieved 1687 articles, which were analyzed with regards to respective eligibility criteria. After reading titles and abstracts, five studies were included and analyzed with respect their methodological quality. Oral status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly was compared through meta-analysis. Included articles involved a cross-sectional design, which investigated 1936 individuals aged 60 years and over, being 999 Institutionalized and 937 non-institutionalized elders. Studies have investigated the prevalence of edentulous individuals, the dental caries experience and the periodontal status. Meta-analysis revealed that institutionalized elderly have greater prevalence of edentulous (OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.68-3.07) and higher number of decayed teeth (MD = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.71-1.05) and missed teeth (MD = 4.58, 95%CI = 1.89-7.27). Poor periodontal status did not differ significantly between groups. Compared to non-institutionalized, institutionalized elders have worse dental caries experience.

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