scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FEMALE BLOOD AUTOSERUM ON ALLOGENIC INTERACTIONS IN SHORT-TERM LYMPHOCYTE CULTURES OF PARENTS HAVING CHILDREN WITH CONOTRUNCAL HEART MALFORMATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
S. V. Gorshkova ◽  
S. A. Shmulevich ◽  
A. V. Shabaldin ◽  
N. S. Deeva ◽  
A. V. Tsepokina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Heart Malformations ◽  
Humoral Regulation

Highlights The findings of this original study ensure the detection of violations in the humoral regulation of the maternal immune interactions with semiallogeneic fetus, considered as a risk factor for developing sporadic conotruncal heart malformations in the next generation.Aim To study the role of female autoserum blood in limiting allogeneic interactions in short-term lymphocyte cultures of parents having children with conotruncal heart malformations.Methods 21 married couples (the study group) with children suffering from conotrucnal heart malformations (Tetralogy of Fallot) without chromosomal diseases were examined. The control group consisted of 21 families with three or more healthy children. The immune response in a mixed lymphocyte culture of parents was assessed by the increase in HLA-DR expression in the mixed culture with respect to spontaneous lymphocyte cultures. Primary staining of female and male lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies to CD45, conjugated with various fluorescent dyes (PC-5 and PC-7), allowed assessing the immune response of female lymphocytes to male and vice versa.Results The effects of female autoserum on the mixed lymphocyte culture of parents were assessed. The obtained results reported that the birth of children with conotruncal heart malformations is associated with the interfering effect of female autoserum on HLA-DR expression on subpopulations of female lymphocytes (CD3+, HLA-DR+) and the activating effect on subpopulations of female lymphocytes (CD3-, HLA-DR+). The observed role of female autoserum in the study group may be associated with the absence of HLA-DR-blocking autoantibodies and high synthesis of cytokines by T2 and T3 helper lymphocytes.Conclusion The effects of female autoserum on allogeneic lymphocyte interactions of parents may be observed in short-term mixed lymphocyte cultures. The evaluation of the activating and interfering effects ensures timely identification of any violations in the humoral regulation of the maternal immune interactions with the HLA semiallogenic fetus, considered as a risk factor for developing sporadic conotruncal heart malformations in the next generation.

scholarly journals Coupled complementation of immune response genes controlling responsiveness to the H-2.2 alloantigen.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Dorf ◽  
J H Stimpfling
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level

The ability of various B10 congenic resistant strains to respond to the alloantigen H-2.2 was tested. High and low antibody-producing strains were distinguished by their anti-H-2.2 hemagglutinating respones. However, these strains do not differ in their ability to respond to these antigenic differences in the mixed lymphocyte culture. The humoral response to the H-2.2 alloantigen was shown to be controlled by two interacting genes localized within the H-2 complex. Thus, F1 hybrids prepared between parental low responder strains could yield high level immune responses. In addition, strains bearing recombinant H-2 haplotypes were used to map the two distinct genes controlling the immune response. The alleles at each locus were shown to be highly polymorphic as evidenced by the asymmetric complementation patterns observed. The restricted interactions of specific alleles was termed coupled complementation. The significance of the results in the terms of mechanisms of Ir gene control are discussed.

107 The Role of Tissue Engineering in Auricular Reconstruction: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Moura ◽  
R Varley ◽  
C Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Auricular Reconstruction ◽  
Cartilage Reconstruction ◽  
Promising Solution

Abstract Aim Despite several decades of research in tissue engineering, reconstructing a 3D human-sized ear that can stand the test of time has remained a challenge. Autologous cartilage reconstruction remains the main treatment choice despite the associated morbidity. Progress in the field has been made and several studies have used tissue-engineered implants in immunocompetent animals with promising results. Method This study critically reviews and assesses the characteristics that make auricular reconstruction so challenging and how far research has come in addressing the following: mechanical properties; vascularisation; immune response; cell sourcing; surgical attachments; allografts; and cost. Results The question is whether tissue engineering will realistically replace autologous cartilage reconstruction in the short-term, or will advances in other areas, outlined in this article, manage to provide suitable and aesthetically accurate scaffolds. Conclusions Advances in tissue engineering are slowly progressing and utilise advances in both biomaterial design and 3D bioprinting to try and address the challenges of auricular reconstruction. Tissue engineering is still a promising solution to auricular reconstruction but still requires further research before becoming a reality.

Adhesion of Leukocytes to Growing Arterial Thrombi

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Einar Roald ◽  
Torstein Lyberg ◽  
Inger Anne Hagberg
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Rate Characteristic ◽  
Platelet Thrombi ◽  
Contrast Flow

SummarySince the role of leukocytes found present in thrombi and haemo-static plugs is not clearly understood, we have investigated the interaction between leukocytes and growing thrombi in a human ex vivo model of arterial thrombogenesis. At a wall shear rate characteristic of moderately stenosed arteries (2600 s–1), granulocytes selectively accumulated at the luminal surface of platelet thrombi. The leukocyte adhesion seemed independent of fibrin formation and was clearly correlated to thrombus growth and platelet activation. In contrast, flow cytometry revealed that the expression of adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD3, CD14, CD62L, HLA-DR and binding of fibrinogen) on the surface of circulating leukocytes passing the thrombi was, on short term conditions (15 min), independent of thrombus growth. The adhered granulocytes probably play a pivotal role in limiting the size of the evolving thrombi, as suggested by our electron micrographs of the arterial thrombi showing lysed and phagocytosed platelets. Thus, granulocytes might play an active role in the acute/semiacute phase of local thromboregulation.

INFLUENCE OF RACE ON THE PREDICTABILITY OF MIXED LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE IDENTITY BY HLA-DR MATCHING

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE SUCIU-FOCA ◽  
ELAINE REED ◽  
CHRISTINE ROHOWSKY ◽  
AMY LEWISON ◽  
DONALD W. KING
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Hla Dr

scholarly journals SYNERGY BETWEEN SUBPOPULATIONS OF MOUSE SPLEEN CELLS IN THE IN VITRO GENERATION OF CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1646-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hodes ◽  
Barry S. Handwerger ◽  
William D. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
In Vitro Induction ◽  
Cytotoxic Effector ◽  
Nylon Wool

Two subpopulations separated from normal spleen have been shown to synergize as responding cells in the in vitro induction of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity during the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The synergizing populations are a nylon wool column-adherent and a nylon wool column-nonadherent fraction, enriched for B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, respectively. When a mixture of these fractions is used as the responding cell population in MLC, greater cytotoxicity is generated than would be expected from the sum of activities generated in the two subpopulations sensitized separately. The synergy appears to occur at the sensitization rather than the effector phase. The synergizing cell which is contained in the nylon-adherent subpopulation is distinct from the cytotoxic effector T lymphocyte, is resistant to lysis by rabbit antimouse brain serum, and is unresponsive to phytohemagglutinin; its synergizing function could not be replaced by either plastic-adherent spleen cells or peritoneal exudate cells. These results suggest a role of a non-T-cell nonmacrophage population in the generation of cytotoxic activity.

Role of the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction in marrow donor selection: Matching for transplants from related haploidentical donors

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Mickelson ◽  
Leigh Ann Guthrie ◽  
Ruth Etzioni ◽  
Claudio Anasetti ◽  
Paul J. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Donor Selection

Effect of fusidic acid on the immune response in mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-878
Author(s):  
A Bellahsène ◽  
A Forsgren
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Primary Antibody Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of fusidic acid on the immune response in mice was studied. At the nontoxic dose of 500 mg/kg per day, the cell-mediated immunity was strongly inhibited. A marked and significant prolonged survival of split-heart allografts in treated animals was detected. The survival time of allografts in mice receiving fusidic acid from the day of the transplantation until the grafts were rejected was 26.1 days compared with 14.5 days in untreated animals. In mice treated also before the transplantation, the mean survival of the allografts were even longer. The phytohemagglutinin response, as well as the mixed lymphocyte culture stimulation of spleen lymphocytes from mice given 500 mg of fusidic acid per kg daily for 1 week, were significantly inhibited. At the same dose there was also a significantly decreased primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, but it was of limited biological significance. The immunosuppressive effect in animals treated with a human therapeutic dose of fusidic acid (25 mg/kg per day) was less pronounced but significant. The relevance of these results is discussed.

Effect of Donor-Specific Transfusions on Renal Transplantation in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-405
Author(s):  
Donald Potter ◽  
Marvin Garovoy ◽  
Susan Hopper ◽  
Paul Terasaki ◽  
Oscar Salvatierra
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Cultures ◽  
Related Donor ◽  
The Difference

Most family members who are evaluated as kidney donors for children have high reactivity in a mixed lymphocyte culture test and are thus excluded from donation. Fifty children, most of whom had highly reactive mixed lymphocyte cultures with their donors, were challenged with three blood transfusions from their donors before transplantation and were tested for the development of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Ten children (20%) became sensitized and had a positive T-cell or B-cell crossmatch. Sensitization occurred less frequently in children treated with azathioprine during donor-specific transfusions (11%) than in those not treated (26%), but the difference was not significant. Thirty-seven children received renal transplants from their blood donors after the donor-specific transfusions. There were no deaths, and only two patients had kidney failure. Actuarial kidney survival was 93% after 6 years. The use of donor-specific transfusion has increased the number of related-donor transplants performed and the results have been highly successful.

scholarly journals The role of nonclassical Fc receptor-associated, Ag-B antigens (Ia) in rat allograft enhancement.

1976 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Soulillou ◽  
C B Carpenter ◽  
A J d'Apice ◽  
T B Strom
Keyword(s):  
Fc Receptors ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Ia Antigens

The ability of a hyperimmune Lew anti-BN serum (HIS) to induce enhancement of (Lew/BN)F1 kidneys transplanted into Lew recipients was compared to that of the same antiserum that had been depleted of hemagglutinating anti-Ag-B antibodies by absorption with Brown-Norway (BN) RBC-absorbed sera (RAS) or platelet-absorbed sera (PAS). The RAS and PAS were as effective as the unabsorbed HIS in abrogating early rejection as assessed by renal function and promotion of long-term survival. The absorbed sera retained the capacity to block the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) between Lew and BN lymphocytes and to a lesser degree the MLC between Lew and BUF, WF, AUG, and ACI lymphocytes; however, strain specificity was clearly evident at high antiserum dilutions. Similarly, these absorbed sera retained the capacity to block the Fc receptor of BN lymphocytes, and this effect was completely strain specific. In contrast, hemagglutinating and cytotoxic antibodies eluted from platelets used for antiserum absorption did not react with Fc receptors as assessed by rabbit antisheep (IgG)-coated SRBC (EA) rosette formation. F(Ab')2 fragments of PAS also blocked EA rosettes. On the other hand, complement rosettes (EAC) were not inhibited by the HIS. The antibodies were therefore directed against the Fc receptor itself or a structure spatially or functionally closely related to it. Both the Fc receptors and the enhancing capacity of the antisera were strictly specific for the BN genotype. It is suggested that the anti-"Fc receptor" antibody could play an important role in the induction of enhancement by impairing host T-B collaboration as a result of its binding to graft allogeneic "Fc receptors" which appear to be analogous to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-coded Ia antigens of the mouse.

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