Влияние пониженных температур на прорастание семян сои

The urgency of soybean breeding for increasing resistance to low temperatures is caused by a large share of the arid regions of Moldova, where the increase in productivity can be ensured by carrier earlier plant-ing and ripening periods before the summer droughts peaks. Thus, as a result of the studies carried out, it was found that when germinating seeds at a temperature of 4˚C, selection is stricter and more efficient. Sowing in the early stages is possible, since soybean seeds remain viable at low temperatures, and when the temperature rises, the best varieties reach the germination rate characteristic of optimal conditions.

New Insights on Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis in Rat's Fetus

Objectives Among the macronutrients provided by the mothers to fetuses free fatty acids (FFA), particularly palmitic acid and glycerol cross the placental barrier in smaller proportions respect to glucose and amino acids, due to a minor placental permeability. It has already been suggested that during advanced gestation, fetal FA are mainly derived from de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in the fetal liver. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate DNL metabolic biomarkers in fetuses of rat dams at gestational day (GD) 16, which represent the beginning of the third stage of gestation. Peculiarly, besides the usual lipid biomarkers of DNL, increase of PA and POA and the ratio PA/LA, we also evaluated whether C16:0 ceramide biosynthesis was enhanced by DNL thereby representing a novel biomarker of DNL. Methods The profile of FA and ceramides was measured by using LC-DAD and MS/MS in line in liver of rat dams sacrificed at GD16 and their fetuses. Differences between rat dams and their fetuses were determined by an Mann-Whitney unpaired test. Results Our results show that lipid metabolism in the liver of fetuses, when compared to those of their mother, was characterized by profound differences in the fatty acid profile, i.e., increased levels of the palmitic acid (16:0) (1.24 fold; p = 0.04) and its desaturase product palmitoleic acid (16:1-n7) (2.5 fold; p = 0.002) indicating an overactive DNL. Peculiarly, we found striking higher levels (30 fold; p = 0.02) in fetal liver respect to rat dams liver of C16:0 ceramide, while the other ceramides species didn't increase significantly. Conclusions Our data suggest that the 16:0 to form fetal C16:0 ceramide derives from DNL. C16:0 ceramide in adults is usually associated to impaired insulin signalling and energy homeostasis, and eventually to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, it has also been shown that C16:0 ceramide sustains lipogenesis, which may be functional to the increased fetal growth rate characteristic of the last gestational stage. Funding Sources This study was supported by grant from the Ministry of University and Research (MUR) - Proof of Concept 2018.

Investigation on Dynamic Characteristics of the Reed Valve in Compressors Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction Method

The flow in the gap between the reed and the valve seat has a significant influence on the dynamic characteristics of the reed valve used in reciprocating compressors. The fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method is an effective method for studying reciprocating compressors. A three-dimensional FSI model of a reciprocating compressor with a reed valve is established in this paper, which has an important influence on the flow rate characteristic of reciprocating compressors. Furthermore, an experimental investigation is implemented to verify the FSI model. Based on the established FSI model, the pressure distribution on the reed valve surface is identified by varying the height of the suction valve limiter and the rotational speed of the compressor, which has an important effect on the dynamic characteristics of the reed valve. Although the low-pressure region, due to the Bernoulli effect on the surface of the reed, hinders the rapid opening of the valve to some extent, it is obviously beneficial to the timely closure of the valve and increases the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. Moreover, the optimal height of the valve limiter and the appropriate rotational speed of the compressor are obtained.

Constitutively Up-regulated Carbon Metabolism is an Adaptation to Low Temperature in the Antarctic Psychrophile Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241

The Antarctic alga Chlamydomonas sp. UWO241 is an obligate psychrophile that thrives in the cold but is unable to survive at moderate, seemingly innocuous temperatures. We dissect the responses of UWO241 to temperature stress using global metabolomic approaches. UWO241 exhibits slow growth at 4°C, a temperature closest to its natural habitat, and faster growth at higher temperatures of 10-15°C. We demonstrate that the slower growth-rate characteristic of UWO241 at 4⁰C is not necessarily a hallmark of stress. UWO241 constitutively accumulates high levels of protective metabolites including soluble sugars, polyamines and antioxidants at a range of steady-state temperatures. In contrast, the mesophile Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates these metabolites only during cold stress. Despite low growth rates, 4°C-grown UWO241 cultures had a higher capacity to respond to heat stress (24°C) and accumulated increased amounts of antioxidants, lipids and soluble sugars, when compared to cultures grown at 10-15°C. We conclude that the slower growth rate and the unique psychrophilic physiological characteristic of UWO241 grown at 4⁰C result in a permanently re-routed steady-state metabolism, which contributes to its increased resistance to heat stress. Our work adds to the growing body of research on temperature stress in psychrophiles, many of which are threatened by climate change.

Fungi Burger from Stale Bread? A Case Study on Perceptions of a Novel Protein-Rich Food Product Made from an Edible Fungus

The current study aims to assess how a novel fungi product made from the filamentous fungus Neurospora intermedia, cultivated on bread residuals, is perceived using questionnaires. Participants were asked to rate characteristic attributes of a fungi burger patty and state their preference when comparing it to Quorn and hamburger patties. The data were analyzed to assess whether gender or age was statistically associated with preference profiles. Neither age nor gender was associated with the preference profiles regarding the comparison of burger patties. Except for age and bitterness, age and gender were also not associated with the preference profiles regarding the sensory characteristics of the fungi burger patty. Most of the participants liked the characteristics of the fungi burger patty. The results indicate that fungi products from waste can become accepted products when information dissemination targets environmental benefits. Moreover, to be commercially accepted, the chewiness and bitterness of the product should be improved. Other improvements should target the overall taste in order to cater to people who prefer meat-based protein sources.

Result of Short Leg Cast or Short Leg Splint for Chronic Open Wound over Lateral Malleolus

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Chronic open wound(COW) over lateral malleolus(LM) is hard to manage for high recurrence rate. Characteristic bone to skin structure of LM is vulnerable to pressure or shear force causing bursitis or ulcer leading to bone exposure in some cases. In resting state, ankle is slightly plantar flexed and varus position, so the skin over LM receives tension. This unfavorable condition for vascularity and pressure endurance could be worse when patients have sensory loss, vascular impairment or paraplegia. We hypothesized short leg cast (SLC) or short leg splint (SLS) keeping ankle in neutral position relieves skin tension and reverse this unfavorable condition leading to wound healing. Methods: Between July, 2014 and November, 2018, fifteen patients with COW over LM were included. Infection was accompanied by twelve. Seven patients were diagnosed diabetic foot. Seven patients could not move their affected limb actively due to paraplegia or weakness. Firstly, Vascular evaluation and management was done for ischemic patients. For all patients, repeated debridement for necrotic and infected tissue was done at intervals of two or three days until the viable wound was present. Negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT) was added in non-viable wound cases. SLC or SLS followed these procedures till wound healing. Removable SLS was kept for the patients who could not control lower limb such as paraplegia or weakness after wound healing. Results: Wound healing was achieved in 14 cases(93.3%). It took average 51.4±40.2 days for wound healing. One patient did not succeed in wound healing resulting in below knee amputation because of infection aggravation. There was no recurrence in all wound healed patients. Conclusion: Repetitive COW over LM could be healed using SLC or SLS and the healed wound kept its state with removable SLS. It is considered that conservative treatment for Repetitive COW over LM with SLC or SLS is another favorable treatment option.

Quantum-critical conductivity of the Dirac fluid in graphene

Graphene near charge neutrality is expected to behave like a quantum-critical, relativistic plasma—the “Dirac fluid”—in which massless electrons and holes rapidly collide at a rapid rate. We measure the frequency-dependent optical conductivity of clean, micron-scale graphene at electron temperatures between 77 and 300 K using on-chip terahertz spectroscopy. At charge neutrality, we observe the quantum-critical scattering rate characteristic of the Dirac fluid. At higher doping, we uncover two distinct current-carrying modes with zero and nonzero total momenta, a manifestation of relativistic hydrodynamics. Our work reveals the quantum criticality and unusual dynamic excitations near charge neutrality in graphene.

Monitoring the Self-healing of Concrete from the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity

Concrete has the ability to naturally heal its cracks, in a process called self-healing. This article aimed to analyze the self-healing of concretes, evaluating the influence of fly ash and the age of occurrence of cracks. Concrete specimens were submitted to cracking at 7 and 28 days. Subsequently, the samples were exposed to 12 wetting and drying cycles in order to favor the self-healing process. The phenomenon was evaluated through the ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, performed weekly on the specimens from the molding stage until the end of all cycles. The concretes showed a decrease in ultrasonic pulse velocity at the time they were cracked. This is due to the greater difficulty in the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the voids formed during cracking. This drop was higher for concrete with fly ash. Also, the results show that the fly ash concretes presented a more expressive self-healing process when cracked at 28 days, which may be related to the presence of pozzolanic reactions and the presence of more anhydrous particles. The concretes without fly ash had self-healing when they were cracked at 7 days. This is explained by the high hydration rate characteristic of ordinary Portland cement.