Desarrollo de un Test de Homofobia / Development of a Homophobia Test

RESUMENAntecedentes: la homofobia se puede considerar como el prejuicio hacia el colectivo homosexual, caracterizado por la presencia tanto de actitud negativa como incomodidad, entendidas respectivamente como rechazo y temor. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido crear una escala de medición de la homofobia que refleje el nivel de homofobia en la población, determinar si los Big Five de personalidad están relacionados con la homofobia y si existen diferencias por sexo, por edad y/o clase social en este constructo. Método: Se elaboró una escala de homofobia tipo likert que cuenta con 33 ítems. 521 personas contestaron a dicha escala además de a otra de medida de la clase social y al NEO-FFI (que evalúa los Big Five de la personalidad). Resultados: se han obtenido una fiabilidad y validez adecuadas de la escala creada. Al estudiar las relaciones entre la homofobia y las variables de personalidad y sociales se ha encontrado que existen correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la homofobia y los Big Five (correlaciones negativas con apertura y amabilidad, negativas y bajas con extraversión y responsabilidad, y positiva y baja con neuroticismo); se comprueba que hay diferencias en homofobia en función del sexo (siendo los hombres los que obtienen puntuaciones más altas) y de la clase social (siendo las clases Baja y Medio-Alta las que más alto puntúan), y se encuentran tendencias en edad. Conclusiones: las evidencias de validez y la fiabilidad halladas muestran que la escala creada es adecuada y que los datos obtenidos concuerdan con los de otras investigaciones. Además la escala aporta datos de la relación entre los Big Five y la clase social con la homofobia, pudiéndose tener en cuenta en futuras investigaciones. ABSTRACTAntecedents: homophobia can be considered as the prejudice towards homosexuals, characterized by the presence of both negative attitude and discomfort, understood respectively as rejection and fear. The purpose of the present study was to create a measurement scale that indicates the homophobia level in any sample, to determine if Big Five personality factors are related to homophobia and if there exists differences in homophobia given age, social status and sex. Method: a Likert Homophobia Scale with 33 items was constructed. 521 people answered the Homophobia scale, in addition with a social status measurement scale, and the NEO FFI (which evaluates five personality factors). Results: the reliability and validity of the Homophobia Scale obtained are considered appropriate. When studying the correlations between homophobia, personality and social variables, statistically significant correlations between Homophobia and the personality factors were found (negative correlation with Openness and Kindness, negative and low correlation with Extraversion and Responsibility, positive and low correlation with Neuroticism); differences in Homophobia given social status (Low and Medium-High social class get higher punctuations) and trends given age were found as well. Discussion: evidence of validity and reliability found prove that the scale is appropriate and that the data are consistent with other research. In addition, the scale provides data on the relation between Big Five and homophobia and the relation between social status and homophobia that could be used for future research.

Download Full-text

CCLEO: The Effect of Gender, Subjective Social Status and Big Five Personality Traits on Achievement and Attendance in a Lecture-Based Undergraduate Psychology Module

10.31237/osf.io/ea3z8 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Johanna Hentschel

Keyword(s):

Academic Success ◽

Social Status ◽

Big Five ◽

Subjective Social Status ◽

Small Sample ◽

Future Research ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Undergraduate Psychology ◽

The University

Background: Whilst intelligence has long been known to influence academic success, many other factors also have an effect. Identifying and understanding which factors influence academic performance and engagement is vital for improving higher education teaching.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between two sets of variables. Set 1 consisted of grades and attendance and set 2 consisted of gender,subjective social status and the Big Five personality factors.Methods: For this reason, 47 undergraduate psychology students (89.4% female) were recruited at the University of Bradford. Participants filled out an online questionnaireconsisting of the Big Five Inventory, the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status and a question regarding gender. Grade and attendance data for one university module wereobtained from the university data archive. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out on SPSS.Results: Neither of the canonical functions were found to be significant. The results indicated that there were no significant relationships between set 1 (grades and attendance) and set 2 (gender, subjective social status and personality factors).Conclusion: These results did not confirm the hypotheses and contradict previous research. However, it is likely that the small sample size and imbalance of gender in the sample influenced, if not caused these findings. The implications of this study and considerations for future research are discussed.

Download Full-text

Using Principal Component Scores to Enhance the Validity and Reliability of Big Five Personality Measures

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000225 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 83-93

Author(s):

Jeffrey M. Cucina ◽

Nicholas L. Vasilopoulos ◽

Arwen H. DeCostanza

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Five Factors ◽

Big Five Factors ◽

Component Scores

Abstract. Varimax rotated principal component scores (VRPCS) have previously been offered as a possible solution to the non-orthogonality of scores for the Big Five factors. However, few researchers have examined the reliability and validity of VRPCS. To address this gap, we use a lab study and a field study to investigate whether using VRPCS increase orthogonality, reliability, and criterion-related validity. Compared to the traditional unit-weighting scoring method, the use of VRPCS enhanced the reliability and discriminant validity of the Big Five factors, although there was little improvement in criterion-related validity. Results are discussed in terms of the benefit of using VRPCS instead of traditional unit-weighted sum scores.

Download Full-text

Prodigality in Islamic lifestyle: a new scale development

Journal of Islamic Marketing ◽

10.1108/jima-08-2013-0064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 188-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

hossein emari

Keyword(s):

Content Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Future Research ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Content Type ◽

Islamic Schools ◽

Structure Reliability ◽

Item Scale

Purpose – This study aims to propose a new construct – prodigality and develop a measurement scale to support the construct. Design/methodology/approach – Combining the paradigms of Churchill, Malhotra and Birks, the item generation and content validity yielded the development of a modified scale. Three main steps in assessment of the scale: dimensional structure, reliability and validity led to the development of a prodigality scale. A total of 32 items were generated, through assessing Qur’anic verses that are related to Muslim consumption patterns linked to in Islam. Findings – In total, 23 items remained after content validity. A pre-test using exploratory factor analysis on the 23-item scale created a two-factor scale. According to extracted validity and reliability scores, prodigality scale was statistically supported. A pool of nine items is proposed for the eventual measurement of the prodigality. Research limitations/implications – The proposed measurement scale warrants further exploratory study. Future research should assess the validity across different Muslim geographies and Islamic schools of thought and practice. Originality/value – Prodigality is proposed as a new construct that focuses primarily on the Qur’an and seeks to achieve relevance and acceptance by both Sunni and Shia denominations. The measurement scale is believed to extend the existing body of literature and contribute new knowledge on Muslim consumption.

Download Full-text

Appreciation (Including Gratitude) and Affective Well-Being: Appreciation Predicts Positive and Negative Affect Above the Big Five Personality Factors and Demographics

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244018818621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 215824401881862 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. S. Fagley

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Big Five ◽

Online Survey ◽

Well Being ◽

Future Research ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Big Five Traits ◽

Big Five Personality Factors

This study investigated the relation between appreciation and positive and negative affect, controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, and Big Five personality factors. Appreciation consists of several aspects, including a focus on what one has (“have” focus), awe, gratitude, and interpersonal appreciation. Undergraduates ( N = 236) completed an online survey containing the Appreciation Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Big Five Inventory (BFI). The Big Five traits accounted for 38% and 43% of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics. Appreciation accounted for 9% ( p < .001) and 4.6% ( p < .05) of the variance in positive and negative affect, respectively, beyond demographics and the Big Five. The “have” focus aspect of appreciation, which represents noticing, focusing on, and valuing what one has, accounted for significant unique variance in both positive and negative affect. Gratitude did not. Future research is needed to determine how broadly these results generalize.

Download Full-text

Who Can You Count On? Understanding The Determinants of Reliability

Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology ◽

10.1093/jssam/smz034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 903-931

Author(s):

Roger Tourangeau ◽

Ting Yan ◽

Hanyu Sun

Keyword(s):

Social Desirability ◽

Big Five ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Item Nonresponse ◽

Response Options ◽

Big Five Personality Factors ◽

Respondent Characteristics ◽

Surprising Finding

Abstract Using reinterview data from the PATH Reliability and Validity (PATH-RV) study, we examine the characteristics of questions and respondents that predict the reliability of the answers. In the PATH-RV study, 524 respondents completed an interview twice, five to twenty-four days apart. We coded a number of question characteristics and used them to predict the gross discrepancy rates (GDRs) and kappas for each question. We also investigated respondent characteristics associated with reliability. Finally, we fitted cross-classified models that simultaneously examined a range of respondent and question characteristics. Although the different models yielded somewhat different conclusions, in general factual questions (especially demographic questions), shorter questions, questions that did not use scales, those with fewer response options, and those that asked about a noncentral topic produced more reliable answers than attitudinal questions, longer questions, questions using ordinal scales, those with more response options, and those asking about a central topic. One surprising finding was that items raising potential social desirability concerns yielded more reliable answers than items that did not raise such concerns. The respondent-level models and cross-classified models indicated that five adult respondent characteristics were associated with giving the same answer in both interviews—education, the Big Five trait of conscientiousness, tobacco use, sex, and income. Hispanic youths and non-Hispanic black youths were less likely to give the same answer in both interviews. The cross-classified model also found that more words were associated with less reliable answers. The results are mostly consistent with earlier findings but are nonetheless important because they are much less model-dependent than the earlier work. In addition, this study is the first to incorporate such personality traits as needed for cognition and the Big Five personality factors and to examine the relationships among reliability, item nonresponse, and response latency.

Download Full-text

The Relationship Between Big Five Personality Traits and Driving Styles in Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 390-390

Author(s):

Junyan Tian ◽

Anabella Raika ◽

Despina Stavrinos ◽

Lesley Ross

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Future Research ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

Driving Cessation ◽

Driving Style ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Older adults’ psychosocial factors, including personality, are correlated with driving performance and driving cessation. However, the relationship between personality and driving styles has been examined only among young and middle-aged drivers. This study examined the relationships of personality factors and self-reported driving styles among 72 healthy older drivers aged 65-85 (M=72.29, SD=5.36) using the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI) scale to measure reckless and careless, anxious, angry and hostile, and patient and careful driving styles. Personality was accessed with the Big Five Personality questionnaire. Correlational results indicated that less conscientiousness was significantly correlated with increased reckless and careless and less patient and careful driving styles; and lower agreeableness was significantly correlated with greater angry and hostile and less patient and careful driving styles. Being a man was associated with greater reckless and careless and angry and hostile driving styles. Age was not associated with driving styles. Accordingly, three regressions were tested. After controlling for gender, only lower conscientiousness was associated with greater reckless and careless driving style (β=-.007, p=.03). Men had a higher risk of reckless and careless (β=.342, p<.01) and angry and hostile (β=.392, p<.01) driving styles. Our results highlight the relationship between personality traits and self-reported driving styles among older adults, and how gender may influence some of these relationships. Future research should further investigate the associations between gender and personality traits and older adults’ driving mobility and safety.

Download Full-text

Further Validity of the Japanese Version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J)

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000145 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 236-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Atsushi Oshio ◽

Shingo Abe ◽

Pino Cutrone ◽

Samuel D. Gosling

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Content Validity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

English Language ◽

Full Range ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Personality Inventory ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Big Five Personality

The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI; Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003 ) is a widely used very brief measure of the Big Five personality dimensions. Oshio, Abe, and Cutrone (2012) have developed a Japanese version of the TIPI (TIPI-J), which demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Until now, all studies examining the validity of the TIPI-J have been conducted in the Japanese language; this reliance on a single language raises concerns about the instrument’s content validity because the instrument could demonstrate reliability (e.g., retest) and some forms of validity (e.g., convergent) but still not capture the full range of the dimensions as originally conceptualized in English. Therefore, to test the content validity of the Japanese TIPI with respect to the original Big Five formulation, we examine the convergence between scores on the TIPI-J and scores on the English-language Big Five Inventory (i.e., the BFI-E), an instrument specifically designed to optimize Big Five content coverage. Two-hundred and twenty-eight Japanese undergraduate students, who were all learning English, completed the two instruments. The results of correlation analyses and structural equation modeling demonstrate the theorized congruence between the TIPI-J and the BFI-E, supporting the content validity of the TIPI-J.

Download Full-text