Prodigality in Islamic lifestyle: a new scale development

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
hossein emari
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Item Scale

Purpose – This study aims to propose a new construct – prodigality and develop a measurement scale to support the construct. Design/methodology/approach – Combining the paradigms of Churchill, Malhotra and Birks, the item generation and content validity yielded the development of a modified scale. Three main steps in assessment of the scale: dimensional structure, reliability and validity led to the development of a prodigality scale. A total of 32 items were generated, through assessing Qur’anic verses that are related to Muslim consumption patterns linked to in Islam. Findings – In total, 23 items remained after content validity. A pre-test using exploratory factor analysis on the 23-item scale created a two-factor scale. According to extracted validity and reliability scores, prodigality scale was statistically supported. A pool of nine items is proposed for the eventual measurement of the prodigality. Research limitations/implications – The proposed measurement scale warrants further exploratory study. Future research should assess the validity across different Muslim geographies and Islamic schools of thought and practice. Originality/value – Prodigality is proposed as a new construct that focuses primarily on the Qur’an and seeks to achieve relevance and acceptance by both Sunni and Shia denominations. The measurement scale is believed to extend the existing body of literature and contribute new knowledge on Muslim consumption.

The impact of auditors’ awareness of the profession’s reputation for independence on auditors’ ethical judgement

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1105
Author(s):  
Damai Nasution ◽  
Ralf Östermark
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Ethical Judgement ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Item Scale

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and test the scale of auditors’ awareness of the profession’s reputation for independence, defined as the degree to which auditors recognise the importance of the reputation for independence and acknowledge the impact of their judgements and decisions on that reputation, and to provide preliminary evidence of an association between auditors’ awareness of the profession’s reputation and auditors’ ethical judgement. Design/methodology/approach A seven-item scale was developed to measure auditors’ awareness of the profession’s reputation for independence, and an auditing case was used to measure auditors’ ethical judgement. A survey questionnaire of practising auditors working in auditing firms in Indonesia provides data for testing the validity and reliability of the new scale and proposed hypothesis. Findings The findings show that the scale is unidimensional and has satisfied reliability and validity. Moreover, the preliminary evidence of a positive association between the new scale and auditors’ ethical judgement is provided. Research limitations/implications Further studies should test the validity and reliability of the scale of awareness of the profession’s reputation for independence with larger data and in different settings. Investigation of the antecedent factors of auditors’ awareness of the profession’s reputation for independence is suggested. Originality/value This paper develops a new measure, namely, the awareness of the profession’s reputation for independence. Preliminary evidence to establish an association between that awareness and auditor ethical judgement is provided.

HEd-INNOSERV: perceived service innovation scale for the higher education sector

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Manohar ◽  
Amit Mittal ◽  
Urvashi Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe study aims to emphasize the need for an exclusive theory, approach and measurement scale for service innovation. In the past three decades, the importance of services and service-related industry has grown tremendously. Well-established scales used for research in manufacturing cannot be directly adopted and measured in the service industry. This article follows the synthesis approach by including both technological and non-technological typologies for measuring service innovation. This is followed by reporting the effect of service innovation on outcome performances. The context of the study is the higher education sector.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated research design was used to collect data from students in various parts of south India. In total, two focus group discussions and three in-depth interviews were conducted for item generation. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the reliability and validity of the scale. The study developed the HEd-INNOSERV scale consisting of seven dimensions comprising 34 items.FindingsThe study developed the HEd-INNOSERV scale consisting of seven dimensions comprising 34 items. The empirical results demonstrate that the scale is reliable, valid and generalizable across higher education institutions (HEIs). The scope for future research is to develop a generalized scale that can measure across the entire service sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe scale shall help researchers in testing the conceptual models earlier developed in the service innovation domain. Similarly, HEIs could measure their stakeholders' perceptions of their innovation activity. Further, the result indicates that innovation enhances the reputation of the institution, which ultimately results in positive word of mouth.Practical implicationsCommercialization of the scale by developing an appropriate algorithm would help institutions in measuring their innovation-led initiatives continually and establish quality and standards. The scale can be used complementarily with other measures adopted from regulatory and rating agencies.Originality/valueThe HEd-INNOSERV scale shall help in optimizing the existing business processes of HEIs by helping them consciously introduce appropriate technological and non-technological innovations.

Psycho-social work dependency: a dualistic model and profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-906
Author(s):  
Jyun-Kai Liang ◽  
Hsin-Lin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Chinese Workers

Purpose – Many people feel a connection to their work that could best be described as a dependency, due to its intensity and importance to their overall self-concept. It is likely that psychological and social needs play a profound role in the connection people feel to their work; however, the explanatory power of these factors has been neglected in the literature, particularly with regard to cultural perspectives. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To address this deficiency, the authors propose a profile multidimensional construct referred to as psycho-social work dependency, drawing on the Mandala model of self (Hwang, 2011b) and the Chinese composite self (Lu, 2003). The authors also developed a psychometrically sound 16-item questionnaire, the psycho-social work dependency scale, to measure this construct. A total of 1,314 valid questionnaires were obtained from employees in Taiwan to verify the reliability and validity of the instrument. Cross-validation was conducted using an independent sample of 278 valid questionnaires. Findings – The results indicate good reliability and validity. What follows is a discussion of four types of psycho-social work dependency: strong, loose, direct, and indirect. Implications and suggestions for future research are also presented. Originality/value – A cultural-inclusive construct-psycho-social work dependency was developed to best delineate the connections between Chinese employees and their work. This study expounded the definition, structure, measurement scale, and profile of psycho-social work dependency. These results could help OB researchers and practitioners to know more about the connections between employees and their work, especially for Chinese workers. This new construct may also stir up more studies to investigate the role of psycho-social work dependency in the workplace.

scholarly journals Desarrollo de un Test de Homofobia / Development of a Homophobia Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Javier Oltra ◽  
Elena Huluta ◽  
Alejandro Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Eduardo García-Cueto
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Low Correlation

RESUMENAntecedentes: la homofobia se puede considerar como el prejuicio hacia el colectivo homosexual, caracterizado por la presencia tanto de actitud negativa como incomodidad, entendidas respectivamente como rechazo y temor. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido crear una escala de medición de la homofobia que refleje el nivel de homofobia en la población, determinar si los Big Five de personalidad están relacionados con la homofobia y si existen diferencias por sexo, por edad y/o clase social en este constructo. Método: Se elaboró una escala de homofobia tipo likert que cuenta con 33 ítems. 521 personas contestaron a dicha escala además de a otra de medida de la clase social y al NEO-FFI (que evalúa los Big Five de la personalidad). Resultados: se han obtenido una fiabilidad y validez adecuadas de la escala creada. Al estudiar las relaciones entre la homofobia y las variables de personalidad y sociales se ha encontrado que existen correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la homofobia y los Big Five (correlaciones negativas con apertura y amabilidad, negativas y bajas con extraversión y responsabilidad, y positiva y baja con neuroticismo); se comprueba que hay diferencias en homofobia en función del sexo (siendo los hombres los que obtienen puntuaciones más altas) y de la clase social (siendo las clases Baja y Medio-Alta las que más alto puntúan), y se encuentran tendencias en edad. Conclusiones: las evidencias de validez y la fiabilidad halladas muestran que la escala creada es adecuada y que los datos obtenidos concuerdan con los de otras investigaciones. Además la escala aporta datos de la relación entre los Big Five y la clase social con la homofobia, pudiéndose tener en cuenta en futuras investigaciones.   ABSTRACTAntecedents: homophobia can be considered as the prejudice towards homosexuals, characterized by the presence of both negative attitude and discomfort, understood respectively as rejection and fear. The purpose of the present study was to create a measurement scale that indicates the homophobia level in any  sample, to determine if Big Five personality factors are related to homophobia and if there exists differences in homophobia given age, social status and sex. Method: a Likert Homophobia Scale with 33 items was constructed. 521 people answered the Homophobia scale, in addition with a social status measurement scale, and the NEO FFI (which evaluates five personality factors). Results: the reliability and validity of the Homophobia Scale obtained are considered appropriate. When studying the correlations between homophobia, personality and social variables, statistically significant correlations between Homophobia and the personality factors were found (negative correlation with Openness and Kindness, negative and low correlation with Extraversion and Responsibility, positive and low correlation with Neuroticism); differences in Homophobia given social status (Low and Medium-High social class get higher punctuations) and trends given age were found as well. Discussion: evidence of validity and reliability found prove that the scale is appropriate and that the data are consistent with other research. In addition, the scale provides data on the relation between Big Five and homophobia and the relation between social status and homophobia that could be used for future research.

scholarly journals INSTRUMENT OF ENGAGEMENT IN SCIENCE LEARNING: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Hui Haw Law ◽  
Sabariah Sharif ◽  
Crispina Gregory K Han
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Reliable Instrument

This study aims to identify the reliability and validity of the Science Learning Engagement Instrument (IPPS) that had been developed. Content validity was checked by four experts with a Content Validity Index (CVI) value of 0.885. The study was conducted with 130 Form 4 secondary school students in the Limbang district, Sarawak. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0. A total of 3 dimensions were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis. Meanwhile, all items had a factor loading value exceeding 0.40. The reliability value for the whole instrument is 0.835. The findings show that IPPS is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, this instrument can be used as a reference for researchers for future research purposes.

scholarly journals Difficulty in implementing continuous improvement – Rasch measurement analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Sanchez-Ruiz ◽  
Beatriz Blanco ◽  
Emma Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Rasch Measurement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to define a general and common construct in order to measure the level of difficulty companies experience when they implement continuous improvement (CI). Additionally, a rank of barriers is obtained together with a rank of companies. Design/methodology/approach In order to achieve the objective, first, a literature review is carried out to specify the domain of the construct; second, a sample of items is selected; third a survey is carried out in companies that have already implemented CI initiatives, the results being thus limited to this population; fourth, measures are purified by analysing the reliability and validity of the measurements, and finally results are obtained. The Rasch measurement theory will be used to provide a new perspective on a mature research topic. Findings It can be concluded that a new valid construct has been defined together with a rank of CI barriers, being lack of time the main barrier. A rank of companies is also obtained which is a first step in the development of future research studies. Practical implications Managers are provided with a better understanding of the barriers that can obstruct CI implementation. Thus, the rank of CI barriers guides managers through the most common and important obstacles so that they will be able to plan better CI strategies. In addition, the rank of companies allows each company to undertake a benchmarking exercise. Originality/value This work proposes a new way of analysing the difficulty in implementing CI as a continuum, rather than as independent barriers. From a theoretical point of view, it defines a new construct and offers a rank of CI barriers together with a rank of companies based on their level of difficulty when implementing CI initiatives. This is something new, as previous studies were mainly focussed on the items side. From a practical point of view, this study offers the surveyed companies the opportunity to see how they are positioned with respect to the other companies. Moreover, this rank of companies is the foundation on which to develop further studies with a practical orientation in the future.

Health and Safety at Work in the Transport Industry (TRANS-18): Factorial Structure, Reliability and Validity

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Boada-Grau ◽  
José-Carlos Sánchez-García ◽  
Aldo-Javier Prizmic-Kuzmica ◽  
Andreu Vigil-Colet
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Job Tension ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Psychophysiological Disorders ◽  
Adequate Reliability

In this article, we study the psychometric properties of a short scale (TRANS-18) which was designed to detect safe behaviors (personal and vehicle-related) and psychophysiological disorders. 244 drivers participated in the study, including drivers of freight transport vehicles (regular, dangerous and special), cranes, and passenger transport (regular transport and chartered coaches), ambulances and taxis. After carrying out an exploratory factor analysis of the scale, the findings show a structure comprised of three factors related to psychophysiological disorders, and to both personal and vehicle-related safety behaviors. Furthermore, these three factors had adequate reliability and all three also showed validity with regard to burnout, fatigue and job tension. In short, this scale may be ideally suited for adequately identifying the safety behaviors and safety problems of transport drivers. Future research could use the TRANS-18 as a screening tool in combination with other instruments.

The relational capital of the IT department

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zardini ◽  
Francesca Ricciardi ◽  
Cecilia Rossignoli
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Level ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
It Department

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on how the relational capital of the information technology (IT) department creates value in organizations. In addition, the paper presents a multi-dimensional scale to measure and manage relational capital in the IT department. Design/methodology/approach – In the first, explorative phase of the study, interviews and focus groups were conducted in order to develop a new measurement scale, which was subsequently tested through a survey questionnaire (212 respondents). Findings – This research suggests that the relational capital of the IT department is a very important resource for the creation of strategic value. The statistical analysis conducted for this study confirmed the validity and reliability of the novel scale developed to measure this resource. Finally, thanks to factor analysis, five dimensions for the scale were identified. Research limitations/implications – Data were collected in northern Italy only. Further studies are advisable to confirm the validity of the constructs and scale. Practical implications – The questionnaire presented in this study can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the interactions between the IT department and the other key actors involved in IT-enabled innovation. The adoption of this scale and its possible adaptation to specific, evolving business contexts may enhance the practitioner’s understanding of the role of relational capital in the value creation process. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the “third stage” of intellectual capital research by concentrating on an intra-organizational level of analysis, which has been overlooked in the literature to date.

Development of the Persian patient satisfaction questionnaire

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 988-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Nouri ◽  
Saeideh Ghaffarifar ◽  
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Impact Score ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persian Version

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the patient satisfaction questionnaire (PVPSQ). The study addressed the communication skills section of the PSQ specifically. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ). In total, 538 patients (ten in pilot, 488 in tests, 40 in retest), 14 experts and 198 residents participated. The items’ impact score, content validity index, and content validity ratio were calculated. Construct validity and reliability of the scale were examined with exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α, and the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Findings The questionnaire demonstrated a content validity index=0.94, content validity ratio=0.84, impact score=4.61, Cronbach’s α=0.93 and ICC=0.513 (p<0.00). A single factor was found in the eigenvalue distribution of the PSQ that predicted approximately 93 percent of the variance. Practical implications The results of this study will permit researchers in all Persian-speaking countries to use a valid and reliable Persian version of the PSQ to evaluate patients’ satisfaction with residents’ communication skills. Originality/value There were a few Persian questionnaires to assess patient satisfaction with physicians’ communication skills, but their psychometric properties had not been reported until the time of this study. By using the PVPSQ, both researchers at Iranian universities of medical sciences and researchers in other Persian-speaking countries can assess residents’ communication skills from the patient’s perspective more reliably.

Ascertaining the “Halalness” of restaurants – scale development and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazala Khan ◽  
Faiza Khan
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Measurement ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Development Literature

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and validate a measurement scale for determining the “Halalness” of restaurants and related behaviour among Muslim consumers in the absence of the halal logo. The study responded to scholarly calls for further research in exploring the consumption practices of Muslims.Design/methodology/approachThe scale was developed and validated using a rigorous methodology recommended in the scale development literature. The study used a total sample of 438 (66 respondents for pilot study, 208 for exploratory survey and 164 for the confirmatory survey) to collect the data. Reliability and validity of the measurement scale was established through average variance extracted, Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, critical ratios and discriminant validity.FindingsThe results from the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis propose a three-dimensional measurement scale with 14 items for establishing the “Halalness” of restaurants and including social servicescape; neighbourhood and behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was unable to validate a number of cues and behaviour such as the presence of images in the restaurant or consumer responses to the presence of alcohol. The researchers are therefore encouraged to test these cues.Originality/valueThe study addresses a gap in Islamic literature, and it is among the first to provide conceptualisation and empirically validate a scale for measuring the “Halalness” of restaurants. The scale was tested and validated based on samples drawn from two different countries, thereby allowing for generalizability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document