scholarly journals Compression of Pedestrian Crowd in Corner Turning Subject experiment-based analysis of walking trajectories

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mineko Imanishi ◽  
Tomonori Sano
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Partition Walls ◽  
Lane Position ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
Corner Turning ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

In this study, pedestrian crowd dynamics at corner turns were investigated by analyzing pedestrian trajectories in a subject experiment for building more reliable, general-purpose, pedestrian simulation models. An experiment under laboratory conditions was conducted wherein a pedestrian crowd walked straight for a short distance before turning into a right-angled corner built with partition walls; the opposite sides were unwalled. Trials were performed with different widths and densities of initial participant positions. Finally, the trajectories of the pedestrians were extracted from a video through computer image analysis. The results demonstrated that pedestrian behavior at corner turns depends on lane position, lane distance (from the wall), and crowd density.

scholarly journals Investigating pedestrians’ obstacle avoidance behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alhawsawi ◽  
Majid Sarvi ◽  
Milad Haghani ◽  
Abbas Rajabifard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Total Speed ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

Modelling and simulating pedestrian motions are standard ways to investigate crowd dynamics aimed to enhance pedestrians’ safety. Movement of people is affected by interactions with one another and with the physical environment that it may be a worthy line of research. This paper studies the impact of speed on how pedestrians respond to the obstacles (i.e. Obstacles avoidance behaviour). A field experiment was performed in which a group of people were instructed to perform some obstacles avoidance tasks at two levels of normal and high speeds. Trajectories of the participants are extracted from the video recordings for the subsequent intentions:(i) to seek out the impact of total speed, x and yaxis (ii) to observe the impact of the speed on the movement direction, x-axis, (iii) to find out the impact of speed on the lateral direction, y-axis. The results of the experiments could be used to enhance the current pedestrian simulation models.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Tramway Transportation Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Capasso ◽  
M. Ceraolo ◽  
R. Lamedica ◽  
G. Lutzemberger ◽  
A. Ruvio
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Time Domain Simulation ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Braking Energy Recovery ◽  
Track Analysis

Electrified guided vehicles typically face routes having a large number of acceleration and braking phases. The braking energy, since the feeding line presents nonreversible electrical feeding substations, can be recovered in the presence of other nearby vehicles. To improve braking energy recovery, one or more storage systems can be positioned along the track. Analysis of effectiveness for the considered solution requires time-domain simulation models, to be created through suitable simulation general-purpose languages or specialised languages/software. In this paper, three different tools for the considered existing tramway were developed, and the main examined characteristics have been compared to each other. Then, analysis of output results was also performed, demonstrating the real cost-effectiveness of introducing one storage device on the considered tramline in operation.

Simulation of Pedestrians and Motorised Traffic

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Papadimitriou ◽  
J.M. Auberlet ◽  
G. Yannis ◽  
S. Lassarre
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Macroscopic Models ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

The objective of this paper is the analysis of the state of the art in pedestrian simulation models and the identification of key issues for further research, with particular focus on the modelling of pedestrians and motorised traffic. A review and a comparative assessment of pedestrian simulation models are carried out, including macroscopic models, earlier meso- and miscosimulation models (mostly in Cellular Automata) and more recent Multi-Agent simulation models. The reviewed models cover a broad range of research topics: pedestrian flow and level of service, crowd dynamics and evacuations, route choice etc. However, pedestrian movement in urban areas and the interactions between pedestrians and vehicles have received notably less attention. A number of challenges to be addressed in future research are outlined: first, the need to and account for the hierarchical behavioural model of road users (strategic / tactical / operational behaviour); second, the need for appropriate description and parameterization of vehicle and pedestrian networks and their crossing points; third, the need to exploit in the simulation models the results of statistical and probabilistic models, which offer valuable insight in the determinants of pedestrian behaviour. In each case, recent studies towards addressing these challenges are outlined.

A hybrid approach for developing special purpose simulation tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Mohamed ◽  
S M AbouRizk
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Construction Simulation ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Time Required ◽  
High Level

The use of simulation techniques is an effective approach for modeling construction operations. Unfortunately, the high level of technical knowledge and development time required for building functional simulation models renders simulation modeling an impractical technology for many in the construction industry. Research in construction simulation tackles this conflict by providing modeling approaches that reduce the knowledge and time usually required for building simulation models of construction operations. Special purpose simulation (SPS) allows construction engineers with only minimal simulation knowledge to build practical simulation models. This paper presents a hybrid approach (HSPS) for effective and time-saving development of SPS tools. The approach utilizes visual, general purpose modeling elements to customize the simulation behaviors of new SPS elements, minimizing the programming effort required for developing these elements. This paper describes the theoretical background to the HSPS approach, its implementation, and a sample application successfully created subsequently. It also shows the results of an experiment quantifying the savings in development time achieved using this approach.Key words: automation, simulation models, computerized simulation, tunnel construction, construction management.

Systematic Review of Pedestrian Simulation Models with a Focus on Emergency Situations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2604 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kouskoulis ◽  
Constantinos Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Pedestrian Modeling ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation ◽  
Modeling Emergency ◽  
New Framework

The literature on pedestrian modeling and simulation models is surveyed, with an emphasis on emergency situations. The state of the art is organized and presented from this perspective. Strong points and gaps in the literature are identified. The parameters that are relevant in modeling pedestrian movement are organized in a new framework and analyzed. Specific properties and characteristics of modeling emergency situations are considered, and applications of available data collection options are surveyed. This work can support researchers and practitioners interested in conducting pedestrian modeling and simulation research and applications, both general and targeted to emergency situations.

ON DUAL APPROACHES TO EFFICIENT OPTIMIZATION OF LP COMPUTABLE RISK MEASURES FOR PORTFOLIO SELECTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
WŁODZIMIERZ OGRYCZAK ◽  
TOMASZ ŚLIWIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Portfolio Optimization ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Discrete Random Variables ◽  
Lp Duality

In the original Markowitz model for portfolio optimization the risk is measured by the variance. Several polyhedral risk measures have been introduced leading to Linear Programming (LP) computable portfolio optimization models in the case of discrete random variables represented by their realizations under specified scenarios. The LP models typically contain the number of constraints (matrix rows) proportional to the number of scenarios while the number of variables (matrix columns) proportional to the total of the number of scenarios and the number of instruments. They can effectively be solved with general purpose LP solvers provided that the number of scenarios is limited. However, real-life financial decisions are usually based on more advanced simulation models employed for scenario generation where one may get several thousands scenarios. This may lead to the LP models with huge number of variables and constraints thus decreasing their computational efficiency and making them hardly solvable by general LP tools. We show that the computational efficiency can be then dramatically improved by alternative models taking advantages of the LP duality. In the introduced models the number of structural constraints (matrix rows) is proportional to the number of instruments thus not affecting seriously the simplex method efficiency by the number of scenarios and therefore guaranteeing easy solvability.

scholarly journals Simulation of Pedestrians and Motorised Traffic

2016 ◽  
pp. 1646-1662
Author(s):  
Eleonora Papadimitriou ◽  
J.M. Auberlet ◽  
George Yannis ◽  
S. Lassarre
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Macroscopic Models ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

The objective of this paper is the analysis of the state of the art in pedestrian simulation models and the identification of key issues for further research, with particular focus on the modelling of pedestrians and motorised traffic. A review and a comparative assessment of pedestrian simulation models are carried out, including macroscopic models, earlier meso- and miscosimulation models (mostly in Cellular Automata) and more recent Multi-Agent simulation models. The reviewed models cover a broad range of research topics: pedestrian flow and level of service, crowd dynamics and evacuations, route choice etc. However, pedestrian movement in urban areas and the interactions between pedestrians and vehicles have received notably less attention. A number of challenges to be addressed in future research are outlined: first, the need to and account for the hierarchical behavioural model of road users (strategic / tactical / operational behaviour); second, the need for appropriate description and parameterization of vehicle and pedestrian networks and their crossing points; third, the need to exploit in the simulation models the results of statistical and probabilistic models, which offer valuable insight in the determinants of pedestrian behaviour. In each case, recent studies towards addressing these challenges are outlined.

scholarly journals A Method for Joint Estimation of Homogeneous Model Parameters and Heterogeneous Desired Speeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Homogeneous Model ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Speed Distribution ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

One of the main strengths of microscopic pedestrian simulation models is the ability to explicitly represent the heterogeneity of the pedestrian population. Most pedestrian populations are heterogeneous with respect to the desired speed, and the outputs of microscopic models are naturally sensitive to the desired speed; it has a direct effect on the flow and travel time, thus strongly affecting results that are of interest when applying pedestrian simulation models in practice. An inaccurate desired speed distribution will in most cases lead to inaccurate simulation results. In this paper we propose a method to estimate the desired speed distribution by treating the desired speeds as model parameters to be adjusted in the calibration together with other model parameters. This leads to an optimization problem that is computationally costly to solve for large data sets. We propose a heuristic method to solve this optimization problem by decomposing the original problem in simpler parts that are solved separately. We demonstrate the method on trajectory data from Stockholm central station and analyze the results to conclude that the method is able to produce a plausible desired speed distribution under slightly congested conditions.

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