scholarly journals Evacuation characteristics of preschool children through bottlenecks

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Hongliu Li ◽  
Hongliu Li ◽  
Yanghui Hu ◽  
Yanghui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Drill Design

Pedestrian movement through bottlenecks have been widely studied from various aspects to understand the effects of bottlenecks on the pedestrian flow. However, few attentions have been paid to the movement characteristics of preschool children, who show obvious differences behaviour compared to adults due to the poor balance and understanding of danger especial under emergencies. In this study, we focus on the evacuation characteristics of preschool children through bottlenecks with laboratory experiments. From all the experiment, we do not observe clear lane formation process from the trajectories diagrams. It is found that the first arrive first out principle does not work in the situation with competition. Compared to adults, children are more likely to fall and hard to be controlled during movement, which is very dangerous in emergencies. The highest speed for the preschool children can beyond 3 m/s and is depend on the location in the crowd for each individual. For a given number of evacuees, the total evacuation time firstly decreases a linear with the increasing the bottleneck width and then keeps a constant if nobody falls down during the movement. Falling down of children will increase the evacuation time incredibly. The findings will be beneficial for the evacuation drill design in kindergarten as well as the facility design for young children.

SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN DYNAMIC USING A VECTOR FLOOR FIELD MODEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350023 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN YANG ◽  
ZHONGSHENG HOU ◽  
MINGHUI ZHAN
Keyword(s):  
Field Model ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Floor Field

Simulation of complex scenarios and multi-direction pedestrian flow is a main challenge to microscopic model of pedestrian movement. It is an issue to simulate real pedestrian traffic with great fidelity while keeping its computational cost at an acceptable level. This paper reports on an improved floor field model called vector floor field model to simulate pedestrian flows in some basic scenarios. In this model, vectorization of static floor field and dynamic floor field are used to indicate preference directions and the pedestrian flow tendency, respectively. Pedestrian transition depends on both their preference directions and tendency. The simulations in some basic scenarios are conducted, quantitative comparison to the record of practical experiments and standard floor field model is given as well, and the results indicate the effectivity of this model. An adjusted static vector floor field is also proposed to simulate pedestrian flow in turning scenario. The vector floor field model is also sufficient to simulate some essential features in pedestrian dynamic, such as lane formation. This model can be widely used in the simulation of multi-direction pedestrian at turning, crossing and other junctions.

Empirical analysis of the lane formation process in bidirectional pedestrian flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Feliciani ◽  
Katsuhiro Nishinari
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Lane Formation

scholarly journals Analysis of the Evacuation Capacity of Parallel Double Running Stairs in Different Merging Form Based on Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia-zhong Zheng ◽  
Xue-ling Xie ◽  
Dan Tian ◽  
Jian-lan Zhou ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Merging Behavior

In order to analyze the evacuation capacity of parallel double running stairs, a dozen stairs merging forms are set by investigation and statistics, and the improved agent-based evacuation model that considers the merging behavior is used to simulate the process of merging and evacuation in the stairs. The stairs evacuation capacity is related to the evacuation time and the robustness of stairs, and the evacuation time can be calculated by using the improved agent-based model based on computer simulation. The robustness of each merging form can be obtained according to the fluctuation degree of evacuation time under the different pedestrian flow. The evaluation model of stairs evacuation capacity is established by fusing the evacuation time and the robustness of stairs. Combined with the specific example to calculate the evacuation capacity of each stairs form, it is found that every merging form has different evacuation time and different robustness, and the evacuation time has not positive correlation with the robustness for the same form stairs. Meanwhile, the evacuation capacity of stairs is not related to the number of the floor entrances. Finally, the results show that the evacuation capacity of stairs is optimal when the floor entrances are close to out stairs in parallel double running stairs and suitable to the case where pedestrian flow and the change of pedestrian flow are large.

Simulating pedestrian flow by an improved two-process cellular automaton model

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Jie Jin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Li-Yun Dong
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Open Boundary Conditions ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Exchange Rule ◽  
Lane Formation

In this paper, we study the pedestrian flow with an Improved Two-Process (ITP) cellular automaton model, which is originally proposed by Blue and Adler. Simulations of pedestrian counterflow have been conducted, under both periodic and open boundary conditions. The lane formation phenomenon has been reproduced without using the place exchange rule. We also present and discuss the flow-density and velocity-density relationships of both uni-directional flow and counterflow. By the comparison with the Blue-Adler model, we find the ITP model has higher values of maximum flow, critical density and completely jammed density under different conditions.

scholarly journals Human capital investment by the poor: Informing policy with laboratory experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 224-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Eckel ◽  
Cathleen Johnson ◽  
Claude Montmarquette
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
The Poor

Macroscopic Modeling of Pedestrian Flow Considering the Herd Behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 906-911
Author(s):  
Yan Qun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Conservation Equation ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Macroscopic Modeling ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation ◽  
Mass Conservation Equation

This paper aims to mimic the herd behavior of pedestrian flow, i.e., the tendency towards majority when a congestion occurs, by macroscopic modeling approach. The macroscopic pedestrian simulation model is composed of a mass-conservation equation and a simple model to reflect behavioral characteristics of pedestrians based on a specific traffic situation. Numerical experiments are designed to show some preliminary results, e.g. the beneficial effect of herding on evacuation time in some situations.

Crowd evacuation model based on bacterial foraging algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Shibiao ◽  
Chen Zhijun
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Bacterial Foraging ◽  
Optimization Function ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm ◽  
The Relationship

To understand crowd evacuation, a model based on a bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) is proposed in this paper. Considering dynamic and static factors, the probability of pedestrian movement is established using cellular automata. In addition, given walking and queue times, a target optimization function is built. At the same time, a BFA is used to optimize the objective function. Finally, through real and simulation experiments, the relationship between the parameters of evacuation time, exit width, pedestrian density, and average evacuation speed is analyzed. The results show that the model can effectively describe a real evacuation.

scholarly journals An improved version of the Hughes model for pedestrian flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 671-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Carrillo ◽  
Stephan Martin ◽  
Marie-Therese Wolfram
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Overall Performance

Roger Hughes proposed a macroscopic model for pedestrian dynamics, in which individuals seek to minimize their travel time but try to avoid regions of high density. One of the basic assumptions is that the overall density of the crowd is known to every agent. In this paper we present a modification of the Hughes model to include local effects, namely limited vision, and a conviction towards decision making. The modified velocity field enables smooth turning and temporary waiting behavior. We discuss the modeling in the micro- and macroscopic setting as well as the efficient numerical simulation of either description. Finally we illustrate the model with various numerical experiments and evaluate the behavior with respect to the evacuation time and the overall performance.

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