scholarly journals Community acquired pneumonia of viral-bacterial etiology in young people: actual aspects of clinical and laboratory diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
M A Kharitonov ◽  
V V Salukhov ◽  
M A Zhurkin ◽  
A V Nikolaev ◽  
V V Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Immunoenzyme Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Express Methods

Community acquired pneumonia is one of the most topical acute respiratory diseases, which is caused by high incidence rate, especially in organized groups of people, constantly changing microbial flora, the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibacterial drugs, difficulties in etiological diagnostics, and the possibility of life-threatening complications and fatalities. An innovative algorithm of etiological diagnostics of community acquired pneumonia is suggested, which includes immunochromatography express-tests of sputum for viruses detection, bacteriological sputum culture, immunoenzyme assay of blood and polymerase chain reaction of sputum and blood serum. It is shown that standard bacteriological sputum culture did not allow us to reveal causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia timely and precisely in most cases, whereas the application of more comprehensive etiological diagnostics enabled us to reveal the causative agent in the majority of the examined patients. And express methods provided an opportunity to verify the infectious agent within 1-2 days and administer early effective etiotropic treatment. It is demonstrated that modern community acquired viral bacterial pneumonia has a number of clinical and laboratory features depending on the revealed viral agents. These features may be used as additional diagnostic criteria of the disease, especially when modern methods of etiological diagnostics are unavailable. The obtained results showed the effectiveness of the use of immunochromatography express-tests of sputum, polymerase chain reaction of sputum and blood serum, and immunoenzyme assay of blood. As a result of statistical analysis, a number of characteristic clinical and laboratory predictors of certain viral-bacterial associations of modern community acquired pneumonia was determined.

scholarly journals Opportunities of early laboratory diagnostics of tick-born neuroinfections: tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
N. M. Mar’ina ◽  
S. A. Shetekauri ◽  
I. A. Olchovsky
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Combination Of Methods

Diagnostics of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis is possible only by laboratory confirmation. The purpose of the investigation was the study of possibilities of immunoferment analysis and polymerase chain reaction for early diagnostics of these infections. It was revealed that mixinfection of patient does not influence on revelation of infectious agent by immunoferment analysis and polymerase chain reaction in the early period of disease. For initial diagnostics of focal and meningeal forms of tick-born neuroinfections, revelation IgM in blood serum is the most informative. The investigation of patient liquor by the method of polymerase chain reaction is the most available for diagnostics of early neuroborreliosis. The combination of methods (immunoferment analysis and polymerase chain reaction) increases the effectiveness of early laboratory diagnostics of focal and meningeal forms of tick-born encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis.

scholarly journals Detection of Viruses by Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Nonresponding Community-Acquired Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Yinling Han ◽  
Zhangchu Jin ◽  
Yinghua Ying ◽  
Fen Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background. Nonresponding pneumonia is responsible for the most mortality of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, thus far, it is not clear whether viral infection plays an important role in the etiology of nonresponding CAP and whether there is a significant difference in the clinical characteristics between viral and nonviral nonresponding CAP. Methods. From 2016 to 2019, nonresponding CAP patients were retrospectively enrolled in our study. All patients received bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and virus detection in BAL fluid by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were collected. Results. A total of 43 patients were included. The median age was 62 years, and 65.1% of patients were male. Overall, 20 patients (46.5%) were identified with viral infection. Of these viruses, influenza virus (n = 8) and adenovirus (n = 7) were more frequently detected, and others included herpes simplex virus, human enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, human coronavirus 229E, rhinovirus, and parainfluenza virus. Compared with nonviral nonresponding CAP, only ground-glass opacity combined with consolidation was a more common imaging manifestation in viral nonresponding CAP. However, no obvious differences were found in clinical and laboratory findings between the presence and the absence of viral infections. Conclusions. Viral infections were particularly frequent in adults with nonresponding CAP. The ground-glass opacity combined with consolidation was a specific imaging manifestation for viral nonresponding CAP, while the clinical and laboratory data showed no obvious differences between viral and nonviral nonresponding CAP.

Bacterial Etiology for Chronic Villitis is Not Supported by Polymerase Chain Reaction for 16S rRNA DNA

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Ernst ◽  
Jill Crouch ◽  
Henry Rinder ◽  
John Greg Howe
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Spread ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chronic Villitis

Chronic villitis is characterized by chorionic villi infiltrated by lymphocytes, histiocytes, and sometimes plasma cells. In a small percentage of cases, an infectious agent can be demonstrated within areas of chronic villitis. However, the pathogenesis of most lesions is idiopathic. Chronic villitis may represent the direct spread of chronic endometrial infection by bacterial organisms that are particularly problematic for culture. To test this hypothesis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers for the universal bacterial 16S rRNA DNA was performed on DNA extracted from areas of chronic villitis selected from placentas in the Yale Pathology database. Specific areas of chronic villitis were first confirmed by examination of sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and then removed from archived paraffin blocks. Control tissue spiked with known bacterial counts was also prepared to test the sensitivity of the experiment. All tissue was deparaffinized, dehydrated, and digested with proteinase K. DNA extraction was performed with the Gentra Puregene kit. PCR was done using primers p11 and p13 for the 16S rRNA DNA. The 233-bp amplified target product was identified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Nineteen specimens with multifocal chronic villitis without confinement to anchoring villi were studied. None of the chronic villitis specimens had a demonstrable product using the PCR primers for 16S rRNA DNA, despite adequate DNA in the samples and controls. The assay was sensitive down to approximately 1500 bacteria per specimen. In conclusion, these data do not support a bacterial etiology for chronic villitis.

Use of blood cultures in critically ill patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Henker
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Timely Treatment

Infection, bacteremia, and sepsis are frequent complications in critically ill patients. Ideally, the infectious agent is readily identified to facilitate timely treatment to promote the patient's recovery. Use of blood cultures is one method of identifying the pathogen. Fever is the primary indicator for obtaining blood samples for culture, but other indicators may be considered, depending on the patient's medical history and condition. Use of appropriate techniques when collecting blood samples for culture will decrease contamination and improve the likelihood of identification of the infectious agent. One new technique being tested for the identification of pathogens that cause bacteremia involves genetic technology and the polymerase chain reaction. The polymerase chain reaction is used to identify the DNA of bacteria that are present in the blood. Blood cultures may not always result in identification of the pathogen because the organism may not grow once placed in culture medium. This new method that uses the polymerase chain reaction may be more sensitive than blood cultures because it requires only DNA from bacteria. Although early studies have not been conclusive in terms of the benefits of this new technology, additional research will improve methods for identification of pathogens in critically ill patients.

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