On serological distinction between infiltrating neoplasm (glioma) and normal brain tissue

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
Н. Reichner
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Normal Brain Tissue ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Thanks to the work of Vitebsky and Behrens, it became known that within the neuroectoderm itself it is possible to detect immunospecific structural differences that indicate a certain organ, possibly a functionally specific imprint of individual parts of the tissue of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Co-Deregulated miRNA Signatures in Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors: In Search for Common Tumor miRNA-Related Mechanics

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3028
Author(s):  
George I. Lambrou ◽  
Apostolos Zaravinos ◽  
Maria Braoudaki
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Cns Tumor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Receiver Operator Curve Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Operator Curve

Despite extensive experimentation on pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), related to both prognosis, diagnosis and treatment, the understanding of pathogenesis and etiology of the disease remains scarce. MicroRNAs are known to be involved in CNS tumor oncogenesis. We hypothesized that CNS tumors possess commonly deregulated miRNAs across different CNS tumor types. Aim: The current study aims to reveal the co-deregulated miRNAs across different types of pediatric CNS tumors. Materials: A total of 439 CNS tumor samples were collected from both in-house microarray experiments as well as data available in public databases. Diagnoses included medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, ependydoma, cortical dysplasia, glioblastoma, ATRT, germinoma, teratoma, yoc sac tumors, ocular tumors and retinoblastoma. Results: We found miRNAs that were globally up- or down-regulated in the majority of the CNS tumor samples. MiR-376B and miR-372 were co-upregulated, whereas miR-149, miR-214, miR-574, miR-595 and miR-765 among others, were co-downregulated across all CNS tumors. Receiver-operator curve analysis showed that miR-149, miR-214, miR-574, miR-595 and miR765 could distinguish between CNS tumors and normal brain tissue. Conclusions: Our approach could prove significant in the search for global miRNA targets for tumor diagnosis and therapy. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports concerning the present approach.

Effects of an injectable functionalized self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel on angiogenesis and neurogenesis for regeneration of the central nervous system

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
pp. 16281-16292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Wei Wang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Chang ◽  
Liang-Hsin Chen ◽  
Shih-Yung Liao ◽  
Chia-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
System P ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Functionalised self-assembling nanopeptide hydrogel mediates angiogenesis and neurogenesis for injured brain tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Neurobrucellosis mimicking primary vasculitis of the central nervous system: we should perform a metagenomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid prior to brain biopsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Barrionuevo Mathias ◽  
Fernando Gatti ◽  
Gustavo Bruniera ◽  
Vitor Paes ◽  
Gisele Sampaio Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Context Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is characterized by the inflammation of small and medium CNS arteries; the clinical manifestations include headache, cognitive impairment and focal neurological deficits. The gold standard test for diagnosis is brain biopsy. Neurobrucellosis is an infection associated with cattle farming, which leads to neurological and psychiatric symptoms. We report a case of neurobrucellosis mimicking PACNS. Case report Male, 32 years old, with fever, headache, dizziness and cognitive impairments for 30 days. History of stroke 2 years before, with mild sequelae right hemiparesis; investigation showed suspected intracranial dissection. On physical examination, he had apathy, preserved strength, reduced reflexes with plantar flexor responses. General laboratory tests, autoantibodies and serology were normal. Brain MRI showed deep left nucleocapsular gliosis and cerebral angiography revealed stenosis of the ICA and MCA. CSF showed 42 cells/ mm³, glucose 46 mg/dL, protein 82 mg/dL. Blood PCR was negative for Brucella. Immunophenotyping of the CSF and PET-CT excluded neoplasia. Brain biopsy was inconclusive for vasculitis. Metagenomic analysis of the CSF detected 78% of Brucella genetic material. Serum agglutination test was 1:40 for brucella. Conclusions PACNS is diagnosed by exclusion. The patient filled criteria for possible PACNS, image compatible with vascular stenosis, but inconclusive brain biopsy. Brucellosis is an endemic disease in underdeveloped countries that can present as CNS vasculitis. Metagenomic analysis allows the detection of different pathogens using a single method. The case illustrates the use of metagenomics in rare diseases characterized by vasculitis, with change in clinical outcomes and conduct.

scholarly journals Development of the central nervous system in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Rodentia, Caviidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Menezes de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Dayane Alcantara ◽  
Rafael Cardoso Carvalho ◽  
Phelipe Oliveira Favaron ◽  
Amilton Cesar dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract: This study describes the development of the central nervous system in guinea pigs from 12th day post conception (dpc) until birth. Totally, 41 embryos and fetuses were analyzed macroscopically and by means of light and electron microscopy. The neural tube closure was observed at day 14 and the development of the spinal cord and differentiation of the primitive central nervous system vesicles was on 20th dpc. Histologically, undifferentiated brain tissue was observed as a mass of mesenchymal tissue between 18th and 20th dpc, and at 25th dpc the tissue within the medullary canal had higher density. On day 30 the brain tissue was differentiated on day 30 and the spinal cord filling throughout the spinal canal, period from which it was possible to observe cerebral and cerebellar stratums. At day 45 intumescences were visualized and cerebral hemispheres were divided, with a clear division between white and gray matter in brain and cerebellum. Median sulcus of the dorsal spinal cord and the cauda equina were only evident on day 50. There were no significant structural differences in fetuses of 50 and 60 dpc, and animals at term were all lissencephalic. In conclusion, morphological studies of the nervous system in guinea pig can provide important information for clinical studies in humans, due to its high degree of neurological maturity in relation to its short gestation period, what can provide a good tool for neurological studies.

BRAIN TISSUE GRAFTS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: REVERSAL OF HYPOGONADISM

1983 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gibson ◽  
D. T. Krieger ◽  
M. J. Perlow ◽  
T. F. Davies ◽  
E. A. Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tissue Grafts

A Strategy to Develop a Finite Element Model to Represent Backflow During Infusions Into Brain Tissue

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belly Molano ◽  
José Jaime García ◽  
Joshua H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Convection-enhanced delivery is a means to deliver therapeutic agents directly into brain tissue for the treatment of brain tumors and other disorders of the central nervous system. Unfortunately, recent clinical trials have demonstrated limited efficacy of this procedure and suggested that one of the main obstacles is poor distribution of the infused agent [1].

Microglia and the Brain: Complementary Partners in Development and Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 523-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Hammond ◽  
Daisy Robinton ◽  
Beth Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Maturation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Normal Brain Development

An explosion of findings driven by powerful new technologies has expanded our understanding of microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). This wave of discoveries has fueled a growing interest in the roles that these cells play in the development of the CNS and in the neuropathology of a diverse array of disorders. In this review, we discuss the crucial roles that microglia play in shaping the brain—from their influence on neurons and glia within the developing CNS to their roles in synaptic maturation and brain wiring—as well as some of the obstacles to overcome when assessing their contributions to normal brain development. Furthermore, we examine how normal developmental functions of microglia are perturbed or remerge in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease.

scholarly journals Physiology of Microglia

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Kettenmann ◽  
Uwe-Karsten Hanisch ◽  
Mami Noda ◽  
Alexei Verkhratsky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
The Brain

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system, disseminate through the brain parenchyma, and acquire a specific ramified morphological phenotype termed “resting microglia.” Recent studies indicate that even in the normal brain, microglia have highly motile processes by which they scan their territorial domains. By a large number of signaling pathways they can communicate with macroglial cells and neurons and with cells of the immune system. Likewise, microglial cells express receptors classically described for brain-specific communication such as neurotransmitter receptors and those first discovered as immune cell-specific such as for cytokines. Microglial cells are considered the most susceptible sensors of brain pathology. Upon any detection of signs for brain lesions or nervous system dysfunction, microglial cells undergo a complex, multistage activation process that converts them into the “activated microglial cell.” This cell form has the capacity to release a large number of substances that can act detrimental or beneficial for the surrounding cells. Activated microglial cells can migrate to the site of injury, proliferate, and phagocytose cells and cellular compartments.

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