Actinometry at resorts

1938 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-208
Author(s):  
N. I. Kalitin
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Influence Of Water

Biomedgiz. Leningrad branch. 1937 208 pp. Pr. 6 rubles. 50 kopecks. The content of the book is much wider than what the reader has a right to expect, judging by its title. The book concerns not only the measurement of radiant energy and touches on not only issues of interest to doctors working in resorts. The properties of solar radiation under various conditions, the influence of water vapor, ozone, dustiness of the atmosphere, the value of scattered radiation reflected from the sky and clouds, which is usually not paid enough attention, all these and many other issues are covered in detail in the book of prof. N.I. Kalitina largely on the basis of her own long-term research.

scholarly journals Causes of Dimming and Brightening in China Inferred from Homogenized Daily Clear-Sky and All-Sky in situ Surface Solar Radiation Records (1958–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 5901-5913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yang ◽  
Xiaolan L. Wang ◽  
Martin Wild
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sky Conditions

AbstractThis paper presents a study on long-term surface solar radiation (SSR) changes over China under clear- and all-sky conditions and analyzes the causes of the “dimming” and “brightening.” To eliminate the nonclimatic signals in the historical records, the daily SSR dataset was first homogenized using quantile-matching (QM) adjustment. The results reveal rapid dimming before 2000 not only under all-sky conditions, but also under clear-sky conditions, at a decline rate of −9.7 ± 0.4 W m−2 decade−1 (1958–99). This is slightly stronger than that under all-sky conditions at −7.4 ± 0.4 W m−2 decade−1, since the clear-sky dimming stopped 15 years later. A rapid “wettening” of about 40-Pa surface water vapor pressure (SWVP) from 1985 to 2000 was found over China. It contributed 2.2% to the SSR decline under clear-sky conditions during the whole dimming period (1958–99). Therefore, water vapor cannot be the main cause of the long-term dimming in China. After a stable decade (1999–2008), an intensive brightening appeared under the clear-sky conditions at a rate of 10.6 ± 2.0 W m−2 decade−1, whereas a much weaker brightening (−0.8 ± 3.1 W m−2 decade−1) has been observed under all-sky conditions between 2008 and 2016. The remarkable divergence between clear- and all-sky trends in recent decades indicates that the clouds played two opposite roles in the SSR changes during the past 30 years, by compensating for the declining SSR under the cloud-free conditions in 1985–99 and by counteracting the increasing SSR under cloud-free conditions in 2008–16. Aerosols remain as the main cause of dimming and brightening over China in the last 60 years, although the clouds counteract the effects of aerosols after 2000.

An FT-IR Study of the Effect of Simulated Solar Radiation and Various Particulates on the Oxidation of SO2

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Smith ◽  
J. R. Keifer ◽  
M. Novicky ◽  
A. R. Chughtai
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Simulated Solar Radiation ◽  
Ir Study ◽  
Long Term Studies

Short- and long-term studies of the effect of black carbon and other particulates on the oxidation of SO2 with and without the presence of oxygen, water vapor, and simulated solar radiation, have been carried out. FT-IR studies involving isotopic oxygen-18, sulfur dioxide-18, and D2O in these reactions confirm the requirement of water vapor and oxygen for this oxidation. Such experiments conducted at 298 K demonstrate only the formation of ionic sulfates, while the reactions conducted under simulated solar radiation show the formation of both covalent and ionic sulfate species. These observations have implications for the retention or diminution of catalytic activity by the soot. The reaction vessel walls, SiO2, and particulate black carbon, all act as catalysts for the conversion of S(IV) to S(VI), the amounts depending primarily on the surface area of the solid.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of Low-pressure Cold-Sprayed TiO2 Coatings Induced by Long-term Water Vapor Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seremak Wioletta ◽  
Baszczuk Agnieszka ◽  
Jasiorski Marek ◽  
Gibas Anna ◽  
Winnicki Marcin
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Additional Parameter

AbstractThis work shows that the titanium dioxide coatings obtained by low-pressure cold gas spraying with the use of the sol–gel amorphous TiO2 powder are characterized by photocatalytic activity despite their partial amorphous content. Moreover, the research outcome suggests that the decomposition rate of organic pollutants is enhanced after long-term exposure to moisture. The condensation humidity test is not detrimental to the continuity and integrity of the coating, but the phase composition of coatings changes—with the exposure to water vapor, the portion of the amorphous phase crystallizes into brookite. The mechanism responsible for the conversion of amorphous TiO2 into brookite is attributed to the water-driven dissolution and reprecipitation of TiO6 octahedra. It has been shown that an additional parameter necessary for the stabilization of the brookite is the oxygen depletion of the amorphous structure of titanium dioxide. Considering the results presented in this paper and the advantages of a portable, low-pressure cold spray system for industrial applications, it is expected that TiO2 coatings produced from a sol–gel feedstock powder can be further developed and tested as efficient photocatalysts.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Water Vapor Budget and its Long-term Trend over the Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongru Yan ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Yongli He ◽  
Yuzhi Liu ◽  
Tianhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Atmospheric Water Vapor ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Water Vapor Budget
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