scholarly journals Prof. G. Guillain. Neurologes neurolog'iques. 3-я серия. Стр. 453, рис. 119 Masson etemp-edema. Ц. фр. 70.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 920-920
Author(s):  
M. Y. Breitman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
History Of Neurology ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Cerebral Tumors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

In this volume, prof. Guillain collected the last works of his supervisor. Salpetriera clinics; he divided them into 7 sections: cerebral tumors, pathology of the brain, pathology of the legs of the pons, the medulla oblongata, the cerebellum, pathology of the spinal cord, pathology of the cranial and spinal nerves, muscle atrophy and other, and then a chapter on the history of neurology, dedicated to the works of the famous Boulogne neuropathologist Duchenne.

Continuation of the paper on the relations between the nerves of motion and of sensation, and the brain; and more particularly on the structure of the medulla oblongata and of the spinal marrow

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 331-332
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Spinal Marrow ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Auditory Nerves ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
External Coating

The author enters into a minute anatomical investigation of the structure of the spinal cord, and of its relations with the encephalon, and with the origins of the nerves. He finds that the spinal cord is constituted, in its whole length, by six pairs of columns, namely, two posterior, two lateral, and two anterior; each column being composed of concentric layers, and invested with an external coating of cineritious substance, and all the columns being divided from each other by deep sulci, which penetrate nearly to the centre of the cord. On tracing the posterior columns in their ascent towards the encephalon, they are seen to diverge laterally at the calamus scriptorius , or bottom of the fourth ventricle, and to proceed into the substance of the cerebellum. Each of these posterior columns is here found to consist of two portions, the outermost being the largest; and they now constitute the processus cerebelli ad medu oblongatam . This subdivision of the posterior columns may be traced throughout the whole length of the spinal cord. The lateral columns give origin to the posterior roots of the spinal nerves, and are therefore the parts subservient to sensation. In ascending towards the brain, each of these columns has a double termination; first, in the root of the fifth pair of cephalic nerves; and secondly, in the place where both columns unite into one round cord, and mutually decussate. Between the lateral and the anterior columns there is interposed a layer of cineritious matter, constituting a continuous stratum from the cauda equina to the roots of the auditory nerves. There is also a septum, dividing the right and left tracts subservient to sensation in the region of the fourth ventricle, and apparently terminating at the point of decussation of these tracts; but, in reality, separating to allow of this decussation, and joining the central portion of the cord, which connects the posterior with the anterior columns, and extends from the pons Varolii to the cauda equina .

scholarly journals P.059 Brachial plexus enhancement in acute flaccid myelitis: A novel radiographic finding

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (s1) ◽  
pp. S30
Author(s):  
SC Hammond ◽  
M Almomen ◽  
A Mineyko ◽  
A Pauranik
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Radiographic Finding ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Background: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a condition which causes acute paralysis in pediatric patients. Although awareness of AFM is increasing, the pathophysiology and full spectrum of clinical, biochemical, and radiographic features remain to be fully elucidated. Methods: We report a 5 year-old, previously healthy, male patient who presented with acute right upper extremity weakness following a two day history of fever, cough, and fatigue. The patient underwent extensive inflammatory and infectious workup in addition to MRI imaging of the brain, spinal cord, and bilateral brachial plexuses. Results: Infectious and inflammatory workup did not identify a causative agent. The patient was seen to have bilateral asymmetric (R>L) thickening and enhancement of the anterior horn cells of his cervical (C3-C7) spine, consistent with the spinal grey matter lesions previously described in patients with AFM. Enhancement of the corresponding anterior nerve rootlets and bilateral brachial plexuses was also seen. Conclusions: Patients with acute flaccid myelitis may demonstrate grey matter enhancement extending beyond the spinal cord to the peripheral nerves and plexuses, a radiographic finding which has not previously been published.

scholarly journals Chagasic meningoencephalitis in the immunodeficient

1998 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAZO JAVIER ◽  
ANTONIO CARLOS OLIVEIRA MENESES ◽  
ADEMIR ROCHA ◽  
MARCELO SIMÃO FERREIRA ◽  
JAIME OLAVO MARQUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Based on their own experience and on the literature, the authors compare the brain pathology due to HIV+ associated Trypanosoma cruzi reactived infection to that described for the natural history of the Chagas' disease (CD). The peculiar focal necrotizing chagasic meningoencephalitis (MECNF) which appears only in immunedeficient chagasics, especially when the deficiency is due HIV is a safe criterion for reactivation of CD. MECNF morphologic findings are unlike to those found either for some cases of acute phase CD or for chronic nervous form of CD.

Ibn Jazlah and his 11th century accounts (Taqwim al-abdan fi tadbir al-insan) of disease of the brain and spinal cord

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽  
Mohammad Ardalan ◽  
W. Jerry Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The 11th century was culturally and medicinally one of the most exciting periods in the history of Islam. Medicine of this day was influenced by the Greeks, Indians, Persians, Coptics, and Syriacs. One of the most prolific writers of this period was Ibn Jazlah, who resided in Baghdad in the district of Karkh. Ibn Jazlah made many important observations regarding diseases of the brain and spinal cord. These contributions and a review of the life and times of this early Muslim physician are presented.

CASE REPORT: ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS IN A PALLAS’S SQUIRREL (CALLOSCIURUS ERYTHRAEUS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chieh Tuan ◽  
Hsin-Yu Kuo ◽  
Ji-Hang Yin ◽  
Fun-Rewn Chang ◽  
Kwong-Chung Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Callosciurus Erythraeus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

This is a rare case of a wild squirrel that was diagnosed with angiostrongyliasis characterized by the presence of larvae-induced eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis. A wild, intact, male Pallas’s squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) of unknown age was presented with a history of progressive paralysis in both forelimbs and hindlimbs. Gradually, the squirrel showed signs of deterioration, found dead and submitted for a complete pathological diagnosis. Necropsy revealed the presence of severe and diffuse congestion in the subarachnoid space of the brain and mild congestion in the spinal cord. Microscopically, severe meningoencephalomyelitis and interstitial pneumonia were consistent with lesions induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis). Although A. cantonensis has been widely studied in rabbits, mice and humans, infection in squirrels has not been documented. This may be the first reported case of angiostrongyliasis in the Pallas’s squirrel.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Two Distinct Urotensin II-Related Peptides in Zebrafish Provides New Insight into the Evolutionary History of the Urotensin II Gene Family

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 2330-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Parmentier ◽  
Emilie Hameury ◽  
Christophe Dubessy ◽  
Feng B. Quan ◽  
Damien Habert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

The urotensin II (UII) family is currently known to consist of two paralogous peptides, namely UII and UII-related peptide (URP). In contrast to UII, which has been identified in all vertebrate classes so far, URP has only been characterized in tetrapods. We report here the occurrence of two distinct URP genes in teleosts, which we have named URP1 and URP2. Synteny analysis revealed that teleost URP1 and URP2 genes and tetrapod URP genes represent three distinct paralog genes that, together with the UII gene, probably arose from the two rounds of tetraploidization, which took place early in vertebrate evolution. The absence of URP in fish indicates that the corresponding gene has been lost in the teleost lineage, whereas it is likely that both the URP1 and URP2 genes have been lost in the tetrapod lineage. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the URP2 gene is mainly expressed in the spinal cord and the brain in adult zebrafish. In situ hybridization experiments showed that in zebrafish embryos, URP2 mRNA-containing cells are located in the floor plate of the neural tube. In adult, URP2-expressing cells occur in close contact with the ventral side of the ependymal canal along the whole spinal cord, whereas in the brain, they are located below the fourth ventricle. These URP-expressing cells may correspond to cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. In conclusion, our study reveals the occurrence of four distinct UII paralogous systems in vertebrates that may exert distinct functions, both in tetrapods and teleosts.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology: History and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Ardila
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Variable ◽  
The Brain

It is proposed that cross-cultural neuropsychology analyzes the influence of cultural variables on cognition from a neurological perspective. It includes three major questions: 1. How are current neuropsychological tests affected by the cultural conditions? (2) Are there differences in the brain organization of cognition depending upon the culture? (3) How is brain pathology manifested in different cultural contexts? A history of cross-cultural neuropsychology is presented emphasizing that the interest in cultural issues is observed since the very beginning of neuropsychology. An analysis of culture is introduced, explaining how culture has been interpreted in different ways, but can be understood as the specific way of living of a human group. Further, it is discussed why culture is important in neuropsychology, followed by an analysis of some cultural variables. Special emphasis in schooling, considering that education represents a major variable affecting the performance in diverse cognitive tests. Several illustrative examples of research in cross-cultural neuropsychology are finally presented.

Neurologic Examination in Neurocritical Illness

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Eelco F. M. Wijdicks
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Specific Part

Neurologic examination of critically ill neurologic patients must be the uncompromised gold standard in any evaluation. Without it or when confounded, the attending physician is prone to make errors in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The localization of a disease process in a specific part of the brain (eg, the cerebrum, midbrain, pons, or medulla oblongata), spinal cord, neural plexuses, or peripheral nerves constitutes the essence of a neurologic evaluation, but neurologists resort to several neuroimaging modalities when localization is uncertain.

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