scholarly journals Occurrence of Two Distinct Urotensin II-Related Peptides in Zebrafish Provides New Insight into the Evolutionary History of the Urotensin II Gene Family

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 2330-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Parmentier ◽  
Emilie Hameury ◽  
Christophe Dubessy ◽  
Feng B. Quan ◽  
Damien Habert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

The urotensin II (UII) family is currently known to consist of two paralogous peptides, namely UII and UII-related peptide (URP). In contrast to UII, which has been identified in all vertebrate classes so far, URP has only been characterized in tetrapods. We report here the occurrence of two distinct URP genes in teleosts, which we have named URP1 and URP2. Synteny analysis revealed that teleost URP1 and URP2 genes and tetrapod URP genes represent three distinct paralog genes that, together with the UII gene, probably arose from the two rounds of tetraploidization, which took place early in vertebrate evolution. The absence of URP in fish indicates that the corresponding gene has been lost in the teleost lineage, whereas it is likely that both the URP1 and URP2 genes have been lost in the tetrapod lineage. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the URP2 gene is mainly expressed in the spinal cord and the brain in adult zebrafish. In situ hybridization experiments showed that in zebrafish embryos, URP2 mRNA-containing cells are located in the floor plate of the neural tube. In adult, URP2-expressing cells occur in close contact with the ventral side of the ependymal canal along the whole spinal cord, whereas in the brain, they are located below the fourth ventricle. These URP-expressing cells may correspond to cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. In conclusion, our study reveals the occurrence of four distinct UII paralogous systems in vertebrates that may exert distinct functions, both in tetrapods and teleosts.

Encephalomyelitis Associated with Akabane Virus Infection in Adult Cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Lee ◽  
J. S. Park ◽  
J. H. Choi ◽  
B. K. Park ◽  
B. C. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Akabane Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
The Brain

Between August and September 2000, five 2–7-year-old cows in Korea exhibited neurologic signs and were diagnosed as infected with Akabane virus based on the results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, serology, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were equally effective and sensitive for diagnosing Akabane virus infection during the early stage of infection. Typical lymphohistiocytic inflammation characterized by perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, gliosis, neuronophagia, and neuronal loss was noted in the brain and the ventral horn gray matter of the spinal cord. The lesions in the brain were most prominent in the pons and medulla oblongata. Akabane virus antigen was detected in the brain and spinal cord, mainly in degenerating neurons and glial cells. RTPCR analysis revealed a target band of expected size in four cows. This is the first report on an outbreak of natural Akabane virus infection in adult cattle.

Phloem long-distance transport of CmNACP mRNA: implications for supracellular regulation in plants

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (20) ◽  
pp. 4405-4419 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ruiz-Medrano ◽  
B. Xoconostle-Cazares ◽  
W.J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Phloem Transport ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Meristem Development

Direct support for the concept that RNA molecules circulate throughout the plant, via the phloem, is provided through the characterisation of mRNA from phloem sap of mature pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) leaves and stems. One of these mRNAs, CmNACP, is a member of the NAC domain gene family, some of whose members have been shown to be involved in apical meristem development. In situ RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of CmNACP RNA in the companion cell-sieve element complex of leaf, stem and root phloem. Longitudinal and transverse sections showed continuity of transcript distribution between meristems and sieve elements of the protophloem, suggesting CmNACP mRNA transport over long distances and accumulation in vegetative, root and floral meristems. In situ hybridization studies conducted on CmNACP confirmed the results obtained using in situ RT-PCR. Phloem transport of CmNACP mRNA was proved directly by heterograft studies between pumpkin and cucumber plants, in which CmNACP transcripts were shown to accumulate in cucumber scion phloem and apical tissues. Similar experiments were conducted with 7 additional phloem-related transcripts. Collectively, these studies established the existence of a system for the delivery of specific mRNA transcripts from the body of the plant to the shoot apex. These findings provide insight into the presence of a novel mechanism likely used by higher plants to integrate developmental and physiological processes on a whole-plant basis.

Stem cell application in neurorehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jessberger ◽  
Armin Curt ◽  
Roger A. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

A number of diseases of the brain and spinal cord are associated with substantial neural cell death and/or disruption of correct and functional neural networks. In the past, a variety of therapeutic strategies to rescue these systems have been proposed along with agents to induce functional plasticity within the remaining central nervous system (CNS) structures. In the case of injury or neurodegenerative disease these approaches have only met with limited success, indicating the need for novel approaches to treat diseases of the adult CNS. Recently, the idea of recruiting endogenous or transplanting stem cells to replace lost structures within the adult brain or spinal cord has gained significant attention, along with in situ reprogramming, and opened up novel therapeutic avenues in the context of regenerative medicine. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how endogenous stem cells may be a part of pathological processes in certain neuropsychiatric diseases and summarize recent clinical and preclinical data suggesting that stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as a future treatment option in a number of diseases disrupting the proper function of the adult CNS.

scholarly journals P.059 Brachial plexus enhancement in acute flaccid myelitis: A novel radiographic finding

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (s1) ◽  
pp. S30
Author(s):  
SC Hammond ◽  
M Almomen ◽  
A Mineyko ◽  
A Pauranik
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Radiographic Finding ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Acute Flaccid Myelitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Background: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a condition which causes acute paralysis in pediatric patients. Although awareness of AFM is increasing, the pathophysiology and full spectrum of clinical, biochemical, and radiographic features remain to be fully elucidated. Methods: We report a 5 year-old, previously healthy, male patient who presented with acute right upper extremity weakness following a two day history of fever, cough, and fatigue. The patient underwent extensive inflammatory and infectious workup in addition to MRI imaging of the brain, spinal cord, and bilateral brachial plexuses. Results: Infectious and inflammatory workup did not identify a causative agent. The patient was seen to have bilateral asymmetric (R>L) thickening and enhancement of the anterior horn cells of his cervical (C3-C7) spine, consistent with the spinal grey matter lesions previously described in patients with AFM. Enhancement of the corresponding anterior nerve rootlets and bilateral brachial plexuses was also seen. Conclusions: Patients with acute flaccid myelitis may demonstrate grey matter enhancement extending beyond the spinal cord to the peripheral nerves and plexuses, a radiographic finding which has not previously been published.

Partial cloning of the rat choline acetyltransferase gene and in situ localization of its transcripts in the cell body of cholinergic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomu Mori ◽  
Yasutaka Tajima ◽  
Hironobu Sakaguchi ◽  
David J. Vandenbergh ◽  
Hiroyuki Nawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
The Brain

Silicate and Oxide Mineral Chemistry and Textures of the Norilsk-Talnakh Ni-Cu-Platinum Group Element Ore-Bearing Intrusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Schoneveld ◽  
Stephen J. Barnes ◽  
Morgan Williams ◽  
Margaux Le Vaillant ◽  
David Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Liquid Component ◽  
Crystallization Sequence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultramafic Cumulate ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract A large proportion of the disseminated sulfide ores of the Norilsk-Talnakh camp are hosted within olivine-rich, ultramafic cumulate layers called picro-gabbrodolerite units. In this study we quantitatively analyze the chemistry and textures of the silicate and oxide minerals within olivine-bearing cumulates of the Kharaelakh, Norilsk 1, and Talnakh intrusions to determine how these intrusions compare to each other and to establish the liquidus phase assemblage and crystallization sequence and how the liquid component evolved during solidification. Crystal size distributions indicate that much of the olivine and clinopyroxene oikocrysts grew together in situ as the first of the cumulus phases at contrasting growth rates. These large clinopyroxene oikocrysts record a significant drop in Cr in the system by a significant decrease in Cr content of the outer rims compared to the cores. The chadacrysts of olivine and spinel within the clinopyroxene record the chemistry of the first stages of crystallization, while the minerals in the framework of the cumulate show a relative reduction in Cr and enrichment in incompatible elements such as Ti, Zn, Y, and the rare earth elements, indicative of the enrichment through reactions with the trapped liquid during postcumulate growth. Due to the entrapment of the olivine and spinel in rapidly growing clinopyroxene, these minerals record a history of the changing chemistry during cumulate and postcumulate growth, giving us an insight into the changing conditions during the solidification of intrusions.

scholarly journals The identification and characterization of a testis-specific cDNA during spermatogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Jiarui Hu ◽  
Ping Song ◽  
Wuming Gong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractUsing bioinformatics and experimental validation, we obtained a cDNA (named srsf) which was exclusively expressed in the mouse testes. RT-PCR analysis showed that srsf mRNA was not expressed in the gonad during the sex determination period or during embryogenesis. In developing mouse tests, srsf expression was first detected on post-natal day 10, reached its highest level on day 23, and then reduced to and remained at a moderate level throughout adulthood. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that srsf mRNA was expressed in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids in the testes. The predicted protein contains one RNA-binding domain (RBD) and a serine-arginine rich domain (RS), which are characterized by some splicing factors of SR family members. These findings indicate that srsf may play a role during spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Tissue-Specific Splicing of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript (LAT) Intron in LAT Transgenic Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (19) ◽  
pp. 9414-9423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Gussow ◽  
Nicole V. Giordani ◽  
Robert K. Tran ◽  
Yumi Imai ◽  
Dacia L. Kwiatkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Sensory Ganglia ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT To study the regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) expression and processing in the absence of other cis and trans viral functions, a transgenic mouse containing the region encompassing the LAT promoter (LAP1) and the LAT 5′ exon through the 2.0-kb intron was created. LAT expression was detectable by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in a number of tissues, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), trigeminal ganglia (TG), brain, skin, liver, and kidney. However, when the accumulation of the 2.0-kb LAT intron was analyzed at the cellular level by in situ hybridization, little or no detectable accumulation was observed in the brain, spinal cord, kidney, or foot, although the 2.0-kb LAT intron was detected at high levels (over 90% of neurons) in the DRG and TG. Northern blot analysis detected the stable 2.0-kb LAT intron only in the sensory ganglia. When relative amounts of the spliced and unspliced LAT within the brain, liver, kidney, spinal cord, TG, and DRG were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, splicing of the 2.0-kb LAT intron was significantly more efficient in the sensory ganglia than in other tissues. Finally, infection of both transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermates with HSV-1 revealed no differences in lytic replication, establishment of latency, or reactivation, suggesting that expression of the LAT transgene in trans has no significant effect on those functions. Taken together, these data indicate that the regulation of expression and processing of LAT RNA within the mouse is highly cell-type specific and occurs in the absence of other viral cis- and trans-acting factors.

scholarly journals Mansonic neuroschistosomiasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 714-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otavio Augusto Moreno de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Mansonic neuroschistosomiasis (MN) is not only the most common but also the most serious ectopic presentation of the infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Both, brain and spinal cord can be independently affected by the infection, but the later is more frequently affected. Brain MN by itself is due to the presence of eggs and/or adult worms in situ and can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Unlike the brain MN, spinal cord mansonic neuroschistosomiasis is more frequently symptomatic. In both forms the intensity, the seriousness and also the clinical characteristics of signs and symptoms depend on the amount of eggs in the compromised region and on the intensity of the inflammatory reaction surrounding the eggs. Cerebrospinal fluid examination and magnetic resonance imaging are important diagnostic tools. Both corticosteroids and drugs against S. mansoni are used in the treatment. The outcome may largely depend upon the prompt use of these drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document