scholarly journals The Problem of State Responsibility for the Organization of «Color Revolutions» and Opposition Support Abroad

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
K L Sazonova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Law ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Color Revolutions ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
Legal Difficulties ◽  
The Arab Spring

The «color revolutions» in the former Soviet Union space and the «Arab Spring» in the Middle East actualized the international law component of these phenomena. This is closely linked with the problem of a possible implementation of the international responsibility of those states that are involved in the organization of political upheavals in other countries. The present article examines the legal difficulties which arise from the implementation of this type of responsibility.

scholarly journals Systematization of private international law in Ukraine and foreign countries: present state and tendencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Mykola Lazarenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Present State ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Countries

Systematization of private international law in Ukraine and foreign countries: present state and tendencies.The article deals with the comparative legal analysis of the systematization of the statutory provisions of private international law in the countries of the European Union and some countries of the former Soviet Union. The main arguments regarding different approaches to the systematization of private international law in Ukraine are outlined, as well as the main directions and tendencies of the codification processes of legislation in this area.

Ethno-Separatism and its Prospects

2011 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
O. Bolotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Territorial Integrity

The author explores the phenomenon of today's ethnic conflicts which are less frequently turning into the wars between states. The author uses the cases of the countries of former Soviet Union, Western Europe, Africa in order to examine important aspects of the ethnic conflicts settlement. It is concluded that the heart of the problems is the correlation between two fundamental principles of the international law (usually regarded as antagonists in terms of the settlement of such conflicts). Namely, these are the principle of states’ territorial integrity and the principle of peoples’ right to self-determination.

scholarly journals Births, miscarriages and induced abortions among foreign born women in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jokela ◽  
M Koukkula ◽  
E Lilja ◽  
R Klemetti ◽  
P Koponen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Induced Abortions

Abstract Background The increasing number of foreign-born women living in Finland has raised a need for more information about their sexual and reproductive health and need for services. This study explores the prevalence of births, induced abortions and miscarriages as well as the associated socioeconomic factors of foreign-born women. Methods This study used data collected in the Survey on Well-Being Among Foreign Born Population (FinMonik), conducted in 2018-2019. The random sample (n = 6 695) consisted of women aged 18 to 64 years and living in Finland. The participation rate among women was 56% (n = 3 746). The results were stratified according to country groups based on geographic region of origin: Middle East and Africa; Russia, former Soviet Union and Estonia; Asia; EU, North America, Latin America and others. The analyses were conducted with logistic regression adjusting for age. In the analyses, weights were used to reduce non-response bias. Results The proportion of women who had at least one birth in their lifetime varied from 67 to 80%. Those from the Middle East or Africa had the highest proportion of three or more births (41%). The proportion of women who had experienced induced abortion was highest among women from Russia, former Soviet Union and Estonia: 34% of these women had experienced at least one abortion while 20% had experienced at least two abortions. No difference in reported miscarriages was observed between the groups (20-27%). In all groups, married women (82%) and those with only basic education (82%) had more often at least one birth than unmarried women (61%) and those with higher education (70%). Compared to the other groups, lower educated Russian, former Soviet Union and Estonian women had more often experienced at least one induced abortion (44 %). Conclusions There are major differences in the prevalence of births and abortions among women from different regions and educational level. Key messages Challenges in sexual and reproductive health vary by region of origin. Low-threshold health services and health education are needed to guarantee better sexual and reproductive health for all women.

Possible International Forums for the Resolution of Legal Conflicts Over Pipeline Transit in the Former Soviet Union

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-454
Author(s):  
Timur Sinuraya
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Energy Charter Treaty ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Former Ussr

The development of the former USSR oil and gas resources presents considerable political and legal challenges, such as intergovernmental agreements, delimitation of borders, and jurisdiction over the energy resources (e.g., Caspian basin). In this respect the pipeline transportation and transit have become increasingly important issues. In view of Article 7 of the Energy Charter Treaty, the novel public international law obligation of states to facilitate and not to impede the transport of energy through pipelines, this article will briefly consider the possible international forums for the resolution of legal conflicts over pipeline transit in the former Soviet Union.

9. State responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Ilias Bantekas ◽  
Efthymios Papastavridis
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Consequences

The law of international responsibility sets out the legal consequences arising from a breach by a State of its international obligations. It should be distinguished from ‘primary rules’ of international law, which lay down international obligations. International responsibility arises when a certain act or omission is wrongful, ie it is attributed to a State and it amounts to a violation of its ‘primary’ obligations. The international responsibility may be excused under certain strict circumstances, such as consent or necessity. Otherwise, the responsible State should cease the wrongful conduct and, in case of damage, it should provide reparation to the injured State, in the form of restitution, compensation, and satisfaction.

9. State responsibility

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Ilias Bantekas ◽  
Efthymios Papastavridis
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Consequences

The law of international responsibility sets out the legal consequences arising from a breach by a State of its international obligations. It should be distinguished from ‘primary rules’ of international law, which lay down international obligations. International responsibility arises when a certain act or omission is wrongful, i.e. it is attributed to a State and it amounts to a violation of its ‘primary’ obligations. The international responsibility may be excused under certain strict circumstances, like consent or necessity. Otherwise, the responsible State should cease the wrongful conduct and in case of damage, it should provide reparation to the injured State, in the form of restitution, compensation, and satisfaction.

10. State responsibility

2019 ◽  
pp. 247-276
Author(s):  
Gleider Hernández
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Legal Actor ◽  
International Responsibility

This chapter illustrates the concept of responsibility in international law. Within international law, the term ‘responsibility’ has long been understood to denote how fault or blame is attributable to a legal actor for the breach of an international legal obligation. State responsibility remains the archetypal and thus most developed form of international responsibility. Nevertheless, other international actors apart from States may also bear rights and obligations under international law. The result of such capacity is the potential to bear responsibility for a breach of an international legal obligation. International law also provides for what are termed ‘circumstances precluding wrongfulness’, through which an act which would normally be internationally wrongful is not deemed as such. In such situations, international responsibility is not engaged. These are akin to defences or excuses in municipal legal orders.

Glasnost, the Coup, and Soviet Arabist Historians

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-577
Author(s):  
Garay Menicucci
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Middle East Studies ◽  
Coup Attempt

The 19 August 1991 coup attempt in Moscow and the subsequent collapse of the economy of the former Soviet Union has had its effects on Middle East studies. The seizure of Communist party property and bank accounts and the dispute between the Russian federal government and what remained of the centralized Soviet state structure still headed by President Gorbachev placed such distinguished centers for Middle East research as the Institutes for Oriental Studies in Moscow and St. Petersburg in serious financial jeopardy. Even before the coup attempt and the dissolution of the Communist party, continued full state funding was uncertain and the institutes were scrambling to establish joint publishing agreements with Western academic presses to ensure some infusion of hard currency against the plunging value of the ruble. Individual researchers began looking for translation work or other lucrative forms of moonlighting to supplement their insufficient salaries. And, of course, the content of Middle East studies has undergone a radical transformation. For the social scientists, such notions as “imperialism,” “socialist orientation,” and “international solidarity” have been swiftly abandoned and replaced with what experts now call “the new pragmatism,” which seeks to steer foreign policy away from engaged ideological alliances in the Middle East and towards bettering those state-to-state relations in the region that serve Russian national and economic interests.

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