scholarly journals CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN SELECTION OF FEEDSTOCK AND MINERAL ADMIXTURESIN CERAMICS PRODUCTION (ON THE GROUND OF MATERIALS FROM THE MOUNTAINOUS, FOOTHILL, STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE AREAS OF ALTAI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Nadejda Fedorovna Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Technological Analysis ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Peripheral Regions

The article is devoted to generalization of results of the technical and technological analysis of the ceramics from settlement and funeral complexes of altai dated from the neolithic era to the Middle ages. cultural traditions in selection of feedstock and preparation of moulding masses, depending on landscape characteristics of territories where monuments are found, are analyzed in the article. it is established that for steppe, forest-steppe and foothill areas the use of ferruginous (iron-rich) flexible clays is characteristic, and as for mountain areas, the use of low ferruginous and medium ferruginous claylike material is typical. differences of cultural traditions and differences in use of mineral admixtures, coinciding with landscape characteristics of areas where monuments are located, are revealed. the addition of chamotte is typical for forest-steppe and steppe altai (69% and 65%), and the addition of gruss - for foothill altai (69%). in Mountain altai production of ceramics without artificially entered mineral admixtures was the main tradition: chamotte and gruss are recorded in 13% and 17% of vessels, respectively, that in total makes 30%. the mixed recipes (gruss + chamotte) prevail in peripheral regions of the foothill zone. such observations allowed drawing a conclusion that in areas with stone outcrop gruss had been added to moulding masses, and chamotte had been added in places with no stone outcrop. the mixed recipes (gruss+ chamotte) reflect not only the merging of cultural traditions, but also the mixing of population from the areas with different landscape characteristics.

scholarly journals Medieval Forest Dynamics in the Iberian Pyrenees: A Comparison Between Low- and High-mountain Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentí Rull ◽  
Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Middle Ages

This paper compares the Medieval (ca. 400–1500 CE) dynamics of forests from low-mountain (Montcortès; ca. 1000 m a.s.l.) and high-mountain (Sant Maurici; 1900 m a.s.l.) areas of the Iberian Pyrenees, both of which experienced similar climatic forcing but different anthropogenic pressures. The main aim is to identify forest changes over time and associate them with the corresponding climatic and anthropogenic drivers (or synergies among them) to test how different forests at different elevations respond to external forcings. This could be useful to evaluate the hypothesis of general Pyrenean deforestation during the Middle Ages leading to present-day landscapes and to improve the background for forest conservation. The study uses palynological analysis of lake sediments, historical documents and paleoecological reconstructions based on pollen-independent proxies. The two sites studied showed different forest trajectories. The Montcortès area was subjected to intense human pressure during regional deforestation up to a maximum of ca. 1000 CE. Further forest recovery took place until the end of the Middle Ages due to a change in forest management, including the abandonment of slash-and-burn practices. Climatic shifts indirectly influenced forest trends by regulating human migrations and the resulting shifts in the type and intensity of forest exploitation. The highland Sant Maurici forests exhibited a remarkably long-standing constancy and an exceptional resilience to climatic shifts, which were unable to affect forest extension and composition, and to local human pressure, from which they rapidly recovered. The Montcortès and Sant Maurici records did not follow the rule of an irreversible forest clearing during the Middle Ages leading to present-day landscapes. The present Montcortès landscape was shaped after a Medieval forest recovery, a new Modern-Age deforestation and a further forest recovery during the last centuries. The Sant Maurici forests remained apparently untouched since the Bronze Age and were never cleared during the Middle Ages. The relevance of these findings for forest conservation is briefly addressed, and the need for the development of more high-resolution studies on Pyrenean forest dynamics is highlighted.

Miguel de Unamuno und Antero de Quental Iberische Religionskritik, einbrechende Moderne und die Tragik des Verlustes

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Steffen Dix
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Religious History ◽  
Miguel De Unamuno ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractIn recent years the study of local religious histories, especially in Europe, has gained in prominence. Because of the encounters between different cultural traditions in the Middle Ages and the voyages of discovery, the religious history of the Iberian Peninsula became one of the most complex in Europe. This article focuses on one portion of this history around the turn of the 19th/20th century, and in particular on two attempts to blame the Catholic religion for the general crisis in Spain and Portugal at the start of the modern era. These two forms of critiquing religion are illustrated by the examples of Miguel de Unamuno and Antero de Quental, whose writings were characteristic of the typical relationship between religion and intellectuals in this period. Not only were the Spanish philosopher and the Portuguese poet influential on their own and later generations, but they are also truly representative of a certain tragic ”loss“ of religion in the Iberian Peninsula.

THE BEOWULF POET'S SENSE OF DECORUM

Traditio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
LEONARD NEIDORF
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Literature ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

This paper reassesses the relationship between Beowulf and the legendary tradition that existed prior to its composition. Through wide-ranging comparative analysis, it identifies probable departures from the antecedent tradition and argues that these departures are best understood not in impersonal terms, as Christian reactions to a pagan tradition, but in terms of a singular poet's sense of decorum, which was not possessed by all Christian authors throughout the Middle Ages. Focusing on interpretive controversies related to matters such as slavery, kin-slaying, the posthumous fate of pagans, and violence orchestrated by women, this paper argues that a series of ostensibly unrelated problems in the poem's critical literature could be resolved with a single coherent explanation: namely, that Beowulf was composed by a poet who sought to preserve as much as possible from the antecedent tradition, while not hesitating to obscure indecorous features and to express value judgments alien to the inherited material. The Beowulf poet's sense of decorum is shown herein to be idiosyncratic yet coherent and pervasive, responsible for various minor departures from tradition and for the selection of the untraditional protagonist around which the poem is structured.

scholarly journals PALEOLANDSCAPE RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON THE STUDY OF A BURIED SOIL OF THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE FOREST-STEPPE AREA OF THE EAST EUROPEAN PLAIN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Puzanova ◽  
◽  
Fatima Kurbanova ◽  
Gennady Starodubtsev ◽  
Olga Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
East European ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
The Middle Ages

scholarly journals Dantes kristne universalisme og islam: Dante og den europæiske identitet

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (108) ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cecchini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Middle Ages

Dante’s Christian Universalism and Islam:During the years 2001-2004, when the establishment of a Constitution for Europe was on the EU’s agenda, the suggestion to include a reference to the ‘Christian roots’ of Europe in the Constitution’s Preamble lead to an animated debate. Some Italian Catholic intellectuals (Anna Maria Chiavacci, Giuseppe Reale) took part in the debate and used Dante to illustrate the essential significance of Christianity in the European culture, thereby involving themselves in this debate. Referring to T.S. Eliot’s famous quote (»the culture of Dante was not of one European country but of Europe«), they claimed that Dante’s work was one of the greatest expressions of a Christian European cultural identity which took form in the Middle Ages and drew impulse from a synthesis of the two great Mediterranean cultural traditions: the Greek-Roman and the Jewish-Christian; a cultural identity they identified tout court with our present ‘European’ or ‘Western’ culture. It is worth observing that Chiavacci and Reale did not mention in their narrative the third great Mediterranean cultural tradition (especially in the Middle Ages) of Islam and its own likely contribution to the ‘European’ civilization. In my paper, I wish to contribute to the understanding of how Dante represents ‘Europe’ and ‘Islam’ in his work. My suggestion is that in Dante’s work we can neither find an idea of a Europe (or ‘West’) as separated or superior to other continents nor an orientalized image of the Orient as claimed by Edward Said. On the contrary, Dante considers ‘Europe’ as a metaphor for an ideal universal Christian community (with strong eschatological features), that is a community that potentially includes the whole of humanity.As few other intellectuals in the Middle Ages, Dante’s attitude to Islamic culture is primarily assimilative; he does not include but assimilates Arabian culture and philosophy to the extent that they have contributed to Christian thinking. As a good medieval Christian, Dante is hostile to Islam just because he looks at it as a heretical or schismatic version of Christianity (and therefore assimilated to his own faith), not as ‘another’ religion.

Chinese Dreams of the Middle Ages

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Middle Period ◽  
A Site ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Social Utopia ◽  
The Middle Ages

Dreams of a return to a golden age in remote antiquity were common tropes in imperial Chinese philosophy, literature and art. But such yearnings could also relate to the more recent past of a diffuse ‘Middle Period’ situated flexibly between the time of the legendary sage kings and the respective present. This article illustrates how evocations of this unwieldy era were re-signified through its association with Europe’s ‘Middle Ages’. Far from producing a unified image, the uneasy coupling opened up a space in between the normative poles of ‘antiquity’ and ‘modernity’ that served as a platform to negotiate competing visions of China’s past, present and future. Alternately romanticised or demonised, the Chinese medieval could be enlisted as a site of cultural nostalgia, social utopia or a tool of political propaganda. By reviewing a selection of these diverse uses, I aim to understand the limited but persistent appeal of medievalism in modern China. At the same time, I will explore what this example can teach us about the ways in which ‘colligatory concepts’ such as the Middle Ages and the obsessions that may be attached to them travel across cultural and linguistic boundaries.

scholarly journals The ancient musical tradition in late latin writers: 3rd-5th centuries

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-63
Author(s):  
Fuensanta Garrido Domené ◽  
Felipe Aguirre Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Musical Notation ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

This work is introduction to and a general survey of the treatises written in Latin between the 3rd and 5th centuries that transmitted the ancient Greek musical theory to the Middle Ages. Throughout these pages there will be a concise, eclectic and panoptic view of Latin authors who dedicated their work or part of their work to notions related to the harmonic science of the ancient Greeks. This study will show a “selection” of certain aspects of Greek music theory in its step to the Middle Ages, such as the gradual loss of the vocal and instrumental musical notation, as well as the progressive importance that Rhythmic and Metrics were acquiring into the musical treatises of this era.

Soldiers and Censors

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-108
Author(s):  
Liana Püschel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Giuseppe Verdi ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Un Ballo In Maschera

From his very first opera Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio (1839) to his last, Falstaff (1893), Giuseppe Verdi set many of his works in the Middle Ages. These operas were written over a period of more than fifty years and show the traces of Verdi’s changes in style, interests, and status within the profession; they also confirm the persistent interest on the Middle Ages in Italy through the nineteenth century. This essay aims to show some of the associations and expectations that the medieval locale stimulated in the composer, his librettists, and his Italian public through a broad look at the historical context and the discussion of some aspects of the music, the libretto, and the stage design for a selection of Verdi’s medieval operas. Censorship played a large role in the choice of the medieval locale; in this respect, the failed refashioning of Un ballo in maschera as a medieval opera and the successful transformation of Stiffelio into Aroldo are especially valuable case studies.

Alchemy in the Cairo Genizah: the Nachlass of an Untidy Jewish Alchemist

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Ferrario
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Cairo Genizah ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract Among the hundreds of thousands of fragments of mediaeval manuscripts found in the genizah of the Ben Ezra Synagogue of al-Fusṭāṭ (Old Cairo), a noteworthy corpus of alchemical material preserves alchemical recipes and theoretical works that have the potential to shed light on the oft-debated question of the involvement of Jews in alchemy during the Middle Ages. After an assessment of the status quaestionis, this article offers an introduction to the corpus and to its codicological, palaeographic and linguistic features, and focusses on a discreet number of fragments that were composed by the same alchemist/copyist. The first Judaeo-Arabic edition, Arabic transcription and English translation of a selection of passages from these fragments is presented, together with discussion of their contents. While the first of the fragments is a collection of practical alchemical recipes, the second fragment preserves the Judaeo-Arabic version of a work by the famous alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān that was previously considered lost.

scholarly journals Technology of Production of Ceramics of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) Culture of the Steppe and Forest-Steppe Altai (on the materials of research of the historical and cultural approach)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-212
Author(s):  
Savko I. ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Research Work ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
History Of

Based on the analysis of publications devoted to the study of ceramics of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture of the steppe and forest-steppe Altai, the article considers the peculiarities of pottery production, studied within the framework of the historical and cultural direction developed by A. A. Bobrinsky. Using the historical and cultural approach, the researchers studied the ceramic complexes of twelve settlements and two burial grounds of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture of Altai, totaling 559 vessels. On the basis of the published studies, the article gives a general characteristic of the technology for the manufacture of Andronovo ceramics of Altai is given, and identifies the main directions of research work reflecting the approaches to the analysis of the material considered. The available data on the technology of making dishes of the Andronovo (Fedorovo) culture allow us to say about the prospects of studying this topic from the standpoint of the historical and cultural direction. A. A. Bobrinsky’s approach makes it possible to draw conclusions about cultural traditions in pottery, reconstruct the directions of migration and reveal the mixing of population groups, which will contribute to solving the issues of the origin and periodization of the Fedorov culture not only of the steppe and forest-steppe Altai, but also of the entire area of distribution of the Andronovo cultural and historical community. Key words: Andronovo culture, Fedorovo culture, ceramics, historical and cultural approach, history of study Acknowledgments: This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 20–18–00179 “Migration and the Processes of Ethnocultural Interaction as Factors in the Formation of Multiethnic Societies on the Territory of the Greater Altai in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Interdisciplinary Analysis of Archaeological and Anthropological Materials”.

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