Miscellanea in the Brāhmī Script from the Berezovsky and Krotkov Collections (IOM, RAS) with an Appendix: ВФ-4190

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-70
Author(s):  
Olga V. Lundysheva ◽  
Dieter Maue ◽  
Klaus Wille
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Pr China ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
Relevant Section

The main part of this article provides a complete edition (description, transliteration, transcription, preliminary translation, annotation as well as the reproduction of the photographs) of forty-two fragments in different languages, circulated along the northern Silk Road, today in the territory of modern Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (PR China) in pre-Mongolian times: Sanskrit, Tocharian A/B, Old Uyghur [hereafter: Uyghur]. Their common feature is the use of the standard North Turkestan Brāhmī and its Tocharian and Uyghur varieties. In terms of content, the fragments include extracts from Buddhist texts such as Abhidharmadīpavibhāṣaprabhāvr̥tti, Prajāpāramitā, Prasādapratibhodbhava, Prātimokṣasūtra, Pravāraṇasūtra, Saṃyuktāgama, Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra, Udānavarga. There are also some Tocharian B document fragments. Several of these texts are found on the back of Chinese scrolls. The Chinese texts have been identified. Where possible, a reconstruction of the relevant section of the scroll has been added. An introduction provides general background information. The lexis of the edited manuscripts is given in concordances.

scholarly journals What shall we do with the drunken sailor? EC Competition Law and Maritime Transport.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Dinger
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Ec Competition Law ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study examines the application of EC competition law in the special environment in which the shipping industry operates, with special emphasis on the two block exemptions of Art. 3 of Regulation 4056/86 and Art. 3 of Regulation 823/2000. It will show that, like with a drunken sailor, something is seriously amiss with the way EC competition law is applied in this specific field. The first chapter provides some background information on the development of the shipping industry since the middle of the 19th century and an overview of the main legal developments in EC maritime competition policy. Chapter two, which constitutes the main part of this paper, contains an analysis of the two block exemptions mentioned. Chapter three addresses the question whether the current approach of EC competition law is adequate and compatible with the relevant Treaty provisions. This will lead to some concluding remarks on the question whether the current approach should be continued or whether it is advisable to modify it.

A hospital-based retrospective survey of human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, PR China

Acta Tropica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Rong Yang ◽  
Li Cheng ◽  
Shu Kun Yang ◽  
Xiao Pan ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ◽  
Pr China

Basics of Telecommunication Management

2010 ◽  
pp. 488-501
Author(s):  
Katalin Tarnay
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Information Base ◽  
The Future ◽  
Management Information Base ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Short Explanation

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a simple understandable approach to the basics of telecommunications management. This chapter is composed of four logically interlaced parts: the background information, the main components of telecommunications management, the future trends, and the conclusion. The background information section reviews the literature. The main part discusses management notions together with a short explanation of basic management systems. These systems include the management functions, the managed objects, the management information base, and the management protocols. The future trends section provides solutions most likely to appear in the future. The conclusion summarizes the fundamental mechanisms of this field.

scholarly journals Study on Woolen Clothing and Pattern Unearthed in Zagunluk Cemetery in Qiemo County of Xinjiang

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Woolen Fabric ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Located in the western border of the motherland, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region used to be the hub of the ancient Silk Road. Known as Western Regions, it has created splendid multi-ethnic cultures with distinctive geographical features. With its multiple archeological resources, there are many exquisite historic relics unearthed here, which shocked the world, with woolen fabrics as the most characteristic and the earliest fabrics. Zagunluk Cemetery witnessed sufficient unearthed fabrics in quantities and types. This paper focuses on woolen clothing and accessories and their patterns unearthed in Zagunluk Cemetery, Qiemo County, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Zagunluke woolen clothing and accessories reflect the circumstances of evolving weaving technologies in ancient Xinjiang. These woolen clothing and accessories were daily necessities of ancestors of Zagunluk, witnessing their material and cultural life. This paper analyzes about 20 typical woolen clothes and accessories, attempting to find out the characteristics of woolen fabric patterns and their formation background.

CURRENT STATE OF THE CONSTRUCTION COMPLEX IN URUMQI CHINA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ян Гао ◽  
Вячеслав Кыргысович Севек
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Autonomous District ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The Silk Road

В статье рассматривается строительный комплекс Синьцян-Уйгурского автономного района КНР за последние три года. Анализ показывает, что данная сфера деятельности в рассматриваемом автономном округе является одним из стабильно развивающихся отраслей. Это связано с тем, что столица автономного округа Урумчи в 2013 году выдвинута в качестве одного из центрального звена стратегической концепцией создания «Экономического пояса шёлкового пути». The article deals with the construction complex of the Xinqiang-Uygur Autonomous region of China over the past three years. The analysis shows that this sphere of activity in the Autonomous district under consideration is one of the steadily developing industries. This is due to the fact that the capital of the Autonomous district of Urumqi in 2013 was put forward as one of the Central links of the strategic concept of creating the "silk road Economic belt".

Chinese Pidgin English in Southeastern Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Siegel
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Part ◽  
First Language ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
The 19Th Century

More than 38,000 Chinese came to Australia to prospect for gold in the second half of the 19th century. Most of them originated from the Canton region of China (now Guangdong), where Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) was an important trading language. This article describes a recently discovered source that throws light on the nature of CPE used in Australia during that period — a 70 page notebook written in a form of English by a Chinese gold miner, Jong Ah Siug. The article presents some background information about Chinese immigrants in the region where Jong worked (Victoria), and evidence that some CPE was spoken there. It goes on to describe Jong’s notebook and the circumstances that led to him writing it. The main part of the article examines the linguistic features of CPE and other pidgins that are present in the notebook, and discusses other lexical and morphosyntactic features of the text. Some features are typical only of CPE, such as the use of my as the first person pronoun. On the other hand, some features are more characteristic of Australian or Pacific pidgins — for example, the use of belong in possessive constructions. Still other features have not been recorded for any pidgin, such as the use of been as a locative copula. The analysis shows that Jong’s text contains a mixture of features from CPE and other pidgins, as well as features of interlanguage, including some resulting from functional transfer from Jong’s first language, Cantonese.

Basics of Telecommunication Management

2010 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Katalin Tarnay
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Information Base ◽  
The Future ◽  
Management Information Base ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Short Explanation

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a simple understandable approach to the basics of telecommunications management. This chapter is composed of four logically interlaced parts: the background information, the main components of telecommunications management, the future trends, and the conclusion. The background information section reviews the literature. The main part discusses management notions together with a short explanation of basic management systems. These systems include the management functions, the managed objects, the management information base, and the management protocols. The future trends section provides solutions most likely to appear in the future. The conclusion summarizes the fundamental mechanisms of this field.

Reading Sinitic Texts in the Vernaculars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Francis Kornicki
Keyword(s):  
Reading Aloud ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Reading Chinese ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
The Silk Road

Chinese texts first reached neighbouring societies in the form of raw texts, without any aids to understanding or even punctuation. Manuscripts recovered from Dunhuang, though, testify to the need for such aids either in the form of written punctuation for reading aloud or in the form of dry-point glosses made with a stylus or the wooden end of a brush: these dry-point glosses are invisible at first sight but the indentations in the paper serve as guidance to the interpretation of the text. By the sixth century some form of ‘vernacular reading’ was being practised in the Silk Road town of Gaochang: this means that students there were reading Chinese classical texts in their own language rather than in Chinese. Similar techniques developed in Korea and these were most likely then transmitted to Japan. Vernacular reading was a means of translating a text but keeping very close to the original.

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