Survey participant characteristics

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the USA. In 2017, an estimated 135,420 people were diagnosed with CRC and 50,260 people died from CRC. Several screening modalities are recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), including annual stool tests that are usually completed at home and under-used compared with colonoscopy despite stated patient preferences for an alternative to colonoscopy. The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends use of small media interventions (SMIs) to increase CRC screening and calls for a greater understanding of its independent impact on screening participation. This study tested whether a SMI increased the likelihood of participant return of a USPSTF recommended Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). In total, 804 individuals participated in a two-group, prospective randomized controlled trial. Descriptive statistics with chi-square tests compared differences in participant characteristics and return rates. Multivariable log-binomial modeling estimated combined effects of patient characteristics with FIT return rates. No differences in return rates were observed overall or by participant characteristics other than the year of enrollment. A multivariable model controlling for all covariates, found gender, insurance type, and regular place for healthcare to be significantly associated with return rates. Receipt of the SMI did not independently increase overall return rates but it may have improved the ease of completing the FIT by some participants, particularly women, those with insurance, and those with a regular place for healthcare.

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Design and participant characteristics of a randomized-controlled trial of telemedicine for smoking cessation among rural smokers

Contemporary Clinical Trials ◽

10.1016/j.cct.2014.04.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 173-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laura Mussulman ◽

Edward F. Ellerbeck ◽

A. Paula Cupertino ◽

Kristopher J. Preacher ◽

Ryan Spaulding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Participant Characteristics

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Individual Observer Differences in the Use of Form and Motion to Perceive the Actor’s Sex in Biological Motion Displays

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211052923 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110529

Author(s):

Eric Hiris ◽

Sean Conway ◽

William McLoughlin ◽

Gaokhia Yang

Keyword(s):

Biological Motion ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽

Group Level ◽

Motion Cues ◽

Motion Imagery ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Participant Characteristics ◽

Perception Of Biological Motion ◽

Form Information

Recent research has shown that the perception of biological motion may be influenced by aspects of the observer’s personality. In this study, we sought to determine how participant characteristics (including demographics, response inhibition, autism spectrum quotient, empathy, social anxiety, and motion imagery) might influence the use of form and motion to identify the actor’s sex in biological motion displays. We varied the degree of form and motion in biological motion displays and correlated 76 young adult participants’ performances for identifying the actor’s sex in these varied conditions with their individual differences on variables of interest. Differences in the separate use of form and motion cues were predictive of participant performance generally, with use of form most predictive of performance. Female participants relied primarily on form information, while male participants relied primarily on motion information. Participants less able to visualize movement tended to be better at using form information in the biological motion task. Overall, our findings suggest that similar group level performances across participants in identifying the sex of the actor in a biological motion task may result from quite different individual processing.

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Timing of milestone competency acquisition in neurology residency

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000006361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (16) ◽

pp. 748-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lyell K. Jones ◽

Scott D.Z. Eggers ◽

David J. Capobianco ◽

Christopher J. Boes

Keyword(s):

Delphi Technique ◽

Educational Expectations ◽

Residency Programs ◽

Modified Delphi ◽

Perceived Importance ◽

Modified Delphi Technique ◽

Individual Program ◽

Participant Characteristics ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveTo determine the stage of training at which neurology residents should achieve individual elements of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education neurology Milestones and to examine the relationship between perceived importance of Milestones and the stage by which they should be achieved.MethodsA modified Delphi technique was used to establish consensus postgraduate year (PGY) expectations for neurology Milestone competencies across 3 geographically and administratively distinct Mayo Clinic neurology residency programs. Timing expectations were examined for relationships to perceived importance of the individual Milestones and effects of participant characteristics.ResultsPGY expectations for neurology Milestone elements ranged from PGY 1.3 to PGY 4.1. Extent of rater educational seniority had no effect on PGY competency expectations. There was a moderate inverse relationship between perceived importance of the Milestone element and the PGY by which it should be achieved (rs = −0.74, p < 0.0001).Conclusions and relevanceExpectations for neurology Milestone competency acquisition can be measured and may help inform individual program design, educational expectations, and future Milestone design.

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Moderators of the Impact of (Poly)Phenols Interventions on Psychomotor Functions and BDNF: Insights from Subgroup Analysis and Meta-Regression

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092872 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2872

Author(s):

Achraf Ammar ◽

Khaled Trabelsi ◽

Omar Boukhris ◽

Bassem Bouaziz ◽

Patrick Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Psychomotor Performance ◽

Brain Function ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Moderator Variables ◽

Psychomotor Functions ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Participant Characteristics ◽

The Impact

Background: Recent anti-aging interventions have shown contradictory impacts of (poly)phenols regarding the prevention of cognitive decline and maintenance of brain function. These discrepancies have been linked to between-study differences in supplementation protocols. This subgroup analysis and meta-regression aimed to (i) examine differential effects of moderator variables related to participant characteristics and supplementation protocols and (ii) identify practical recommendations to design effective (poly)phenol supplementation protocols for future anti-aging interventions. Methods: Multiple electronic databases (Web of Science; PubMed) searched for relevant intervention published from inception to July 2019. Using the PICOS criteria, a total of 4303 records were screened. Only high-quality studies (n = 15) were included in the final analyses. Random-effects meta-analysis was used, and we calculated standard differences in means (SDM), effect size (ES), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for two sufficiently comparable items (i.e., psychomotor function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)). When significant heterogeneity was computed (I2 > 50%), a subgroup and meta-regression analysis were performed to examine the moderation effects of participant characteristics and supplementation protocols. Results: The reviewed studies support the beneficial effect of (poly)phenols-rich supplementation on psychomotor functions (ES = −0.677, p = 0.001) and brain plasticity (ES = 1.168, p = 0.028). Subgroup analysis revealed higher beneficial impacts of (poly)phenols (i) in younger populations compared to older (SDM = −0.89 vs. −0.47 for psychomotor performance, and 2.41 vs. 0.07 for BDNF, respectively), (ii) following an acute compared to chronic supplementation (SDM = −1.02 vs. −0.43 for psychomotor performance), and (iii) using a phenolic compound with medium compared to low bioavailability rates (SDM = −0.76 vs. −0.68 for psychomotor performance and 3.57 vs. 0.07 for DBNF, respectively). Meta-regressions revealed greater improvement in BDNF levels with lower percentages of female participants (Q = 40.15, df = 6, p < 0.001) and a skewed scatter plot toward a greater impact using higher (poly)phenols doses. Conclusion: This review suggests that age group, gender, the used phenolic compounds, their human bioavailability rate, and the supplementation dose as the primary moderator variables relating to the beneficial effects of (poly)phenol consumption on cognitive and brain function in humans. Therefore, it seems more advantageous to start anti-aging (poly)phenol interventions in adults earlier in life using medium (≈500 mg) to high doses (≈1000 mg) of phenolic compounds, with at least medium bioavailability rate (≥9%).

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Obesity Management in Primary Health Care: Front-Line Providers’ Experiences and Views

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.6.549 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Hatem Al-Saadi ◽

Haya Malallah ◽

Jameela Al-Saadi ◽

Narjis ALsheala ◽

Abdullah Al- Balushi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Management Training ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Survey Participant

As in the rest of the world, obesity in Oman has increased and according to World Health Organization (WHO) data, prevalence of obesity in 2008 and 2016 were 20.9% and 27% respectively. This study explores primary care physicians’ current strategies and management of obesity, attitude and perceptions towards obesity, educational needs, and their views on long-term follow up. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted where practicing family medicine physicians from different governorates were invited to participate in an online questionnaire-based survey. Participant were invited via email and responses were kept anonymous. Responses were collected over three weeks in April 2019 and only responses that met inclusion criteria were analyzed with SPSS v22. Results: 77 complete responses met inclusion criteria and female were the majority (67.5%). Half of participants had less than 10 years of experience. Weight and BMI were recorded routinely by two-thirds of participants whereas waist- hip ratio was recorded by only 12%. Weight reduction medications were prescribed by 5.2% and 24% would refer an obese patient to Bariatric center. Main barrier to obesity management and referral was inadequate obesity specialist centers followed by short consultation times. The pathophysiology mechanism of obesity and related hormones was only known by 40.8%. Almost all participants agreed that formal obesity management training should be integrated as part of residency training. Conclusion: Despite the significant number of comorbidities related to obesity and its complications, weight, BMI and other anthropometric measures were not routinely performed. Nationally, the rate of referral to bariatric centers for evaluation is low. Boundaries and challenges do exist and need to be addressed. Obesity and weight management need to be integrated as part of Family Physicians Training Program.

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