scholarly journals Growth rates of health expenditure per capita for selected functions, EU average, in real terms, 2008-18

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Selected Functions

scholarly journals Real GDP growth rates and health care spending – Comparison between the G7 and the EM7 countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihajlo Jakovljevic ◽  
Yuriy Timofeyev ◽  
Chhabi Ranabhat ◽  
Paula Odete Fernandes ◽  
João Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background: Accelerated globalization has substantially contributed to the rise of emerging markets worldwide. The G7 and Emerging Markets Seven (EM7) behaved in significantly different macroeconomic ways before, during, and after the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Average real GDP growth rates remained substantially higher among the EM7, while unemployment rates changed their patterns after the crisis. Worldwide economic growth began to accelerate again, starting from year 2017. However, approximately one half of this growth is attributable to the EM7, while only a quarter to the G7 nations. This paper aims to analyse the association between the health spending and real GDP growth in the G7 and the EM7 countries.Results: In terms of GDP growth, the EM7 exhibited higher degree of resilience during the 2008 Global Crisis, compared to the G7. Unemployment in the G7 nations was rising significantly, compared to pre-recession levels, but, in the EM7, it remained traditionally high. In the G7, the austerity (measured as a percentage of GPD and in PPP basis) significantly decreased the public health expenditure, even so in than in the EM7. Out-of-pocket health expenditure grew at far more concerning pace in the EM7 compared to the G7 during the Crisis, exposing vulnerability of citizens and households living close to poverty line. Regression analysis demonstrated that, in the G7, real GDP growth had positive impact on out-of-pocket expenditure measured as a percentage of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP (CHE). In the EM7, it affected negatively CHE, CHE per capita in PPP in constant 2011 international USD, and out-of-pocket expenditure per capita in PPP international USD. Conclusion: The EM7 countries showed stronger endurance withstanding the consequences of the global economic crisis as compared to the G7 economies. Evidence of that were most visible in real growth rates and unemployment rates, before, during, and after the crisis. It influenced health spending patterns in both groups, although they tended to diverge instead of converging in several important areas.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Empirical analysis of factors influencing the public health expenditure in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kok Wooi Yap ◽  
Doris Padmini Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita

This study aims to investigate the determinants of public health expenditure in Malaysia. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach proposed by Pesaran & Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) is applied to analyse annual time series data during the period from 1970 to 2017. The study focused on four explanatory variables, namely per capita gross domestic product (GDP), healthcare price index, population aged 65 years and above, as well as infant mortality rate. The bounds test results showed that the public health expenditure and its determinants are cointegrated. The empirical results revealed that the elasticity of government health expenditure with respect to national income is less than unity, indicating that public health expenditure in Malaysia is a necessity good and thus the Wagner’s law does not exist to explain the relationship between public health expenditure and economic growth in Malaysia. In the long run, per capita GDP, healthcare price index, population aged more than 65 years, and infant mortality rate are the important variables in explaining the behaviour of public health expenditure in Malaysia. The empirical results also prove that infant mortality rate is significant in influencing public health spending in the short run. It is noted that macroeconomic and health status factors assume an important role in determining the public health expenditure in Malaysia and thus government policies and strategies should be made by taking into account of these aspects.

The monetary value of disability-adjusted-life-years lost in Kenya in 2017.pdf

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses Kirigia ◽  
Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita

<div>A variant of human capital (or net output) analytical framework was applied to monetarily value DALYs lost from 166 diseases and injuries. The monetary value of each of the 166 diseases (or injuries) was obtained through multiplication of the net 2019 GDP per capita for Kenya by the number of DALYs lost from each specific cause. Where net GDP per capita was calculated by subtracting current health expenditure from the GDP per capita. </div><div> </div><p>The DALYs data for the 166 causes were from IHME (Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, 2018), GDP per capita data from the International Monetary Fund world economic outlook database (International Monetary Fund, 2019), and the current health expenditure per person data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (World Health Organization, 2019b). A model consisting of fourteen equations was calculated with Excel Software developed by Microsoft (New York).</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Examining GDP Growth and Its Volatility: An Episodic Approach

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jakub Bartak ◽  
Łukasz Jabłoński ◽  
Agnieszka Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita

In this paper, we study economic growth and its volatility from an episodic perspective. We first demonstrate the ability of the genetic algorithm to detect shifts in the volatility and levels of a given time series. Having shown that it works well, we then use it to detect structural breaks that segment the GDP per capita time series into episodes characterized by different means and volatility of growth rates. We further investigate whether a volatile economy is likely to grow more slowly and analyze the determinants of high/low growth with high/low volatility patterns. The main results indicate a negative relationship between volatility and growth. Moreover, the results suggest that international trade simultaneously promotes growth and increases volatility, human capital promotes growth and stability, and financial development reduces volatility and negatively correlates with growth.

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