The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1950–1980

2018 ◽  
pp. 222-244
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Gdp Gap

This chapter explores how the decades after World War II were a period of rapid growth for Turkey. Despite the crises in the mid-1950s and in the second half of the 1970s, GDP per capita increased at an average annual rate above three percent and more than doubled during the period 1950–1980. These rates of growth were unprecedented for Turkey. The long-term rates of growth achieved in Turkey after World War II were roughly comparable to the averages for both the developed countries and developing countries as a whole. As a result, the per capita GDP gap between Turkey and the developed countries changed little during this period.

scholarly journals Examining GDP Growth and Its Volatility: An Episodic Approach

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jakub Bartak ◽  
Łukasz Jabłoński ◽  
Agnieszka Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita

In this paper, we study economic growth and its volatility from an episodic perspective. We first demonstrate the ability of the genetic algorithm to detect shifts in the volatility and levels of a given time series. Having shown that it works well, we then use it to detect structural breaks that segment the GDP per capita time series into episodes characterized by different means and volatility of growth rates. We further investigate whether a volatile economy is likely to grow more slowly and analyze the determinants of high/low growth with high/low volatility patterns. The main results indicate a negative relationship between volatility and growth. Moreover, the results suggest that international trade simultaneously promotes growth and increases volatility, human capital promotes growth and stability, and financial development reduces volatility and negatively correlates with growth.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE FOR TRANSPORT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Nikola Petrović ◽  
Nebojša Bojović ◽  
Marijana Petrović ◽  
Vesna Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

In view of the European Union as one of the main polluters in the word and the fact that GDP per capita in the European Union is equivalent to the 282 percent of the world`s average, it is interesting to study the relationship between transport GHG emissions and the economic activity within the European Union. In the paper, the authors check the environment Kuznets curve hypothesis for members of the EU over the period 2000-2014. The analysis results show that an inverse-U relationship exists between transport GHG emissions and GDP per capita. At the same time, the results indicate that the change of economic structure has influenced the transport GHG emissions in the developed countries, that is, in the countries that record a higher level of GDP per capita.

scholarly journals Structural Weaknesses in the Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina – A Brake on Growth and Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Zoran Mastilo ◽  
Radmila Čičković
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

To present the status and development of economies of the countries, a number of macroeconomic indicators is available and used and the most important aggregate in the system of national accounts is the gross domestic product (GDP).An analysis of GDP serves to present the status and trends of the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). We have used the comparison method, in order to establish the status, as well as trends in the economy of BiH in comparison with the neighbouring countries with similar GDP structures and with economies of some developed countries.We note that the structure of gross value added (GVA) in BiH is not primarily oriented towards profitable activities, nor towards activities giving a synergistic effect on the entire economy. The service sector is not sufficiently developed. GDP per capita in 2015 was almost eight times lower than the one recorded in the EU member countries. The relationship between consumption and investment, in addition to the negative balance of trade, are negative determinants of the BiH economy. The global crisis has produced negative effects on the BiH economy. Such trends were imminent even in the developed countries, the only difference is that the developed countries, by size of their GDP per capita, are far stronger and more developed than the BiH economy. The economy is small in its size and growth rates are not sufficient to provide a visible progress, as is the case with developed countries.BiH needs to put maximum efforts into increasing its value added in areas that are fast and strong in contributing to the growth and development.

scholarly journals Economic policy and security of Australia in the short term until 2025

2015 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Sprengel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Future

According to the predictions, the scale and rate of economic processes that are aboutto come in the next decades of the 21st century will be substantial. A further growth ofAustralia’s importance is to be expected in the long term. The whole region of Asia, including Australia, has become interesting for politicians, entrepreneurs and researchers.In the 21st century, Australia has grown to be a significant player in the global economicpolicy. It seems that the economic future of the world will depend on the developmentof the countries in Asia. The economic situation in Australia will arguably change assome countries in that region have reached a satisfactory level of production and sharein their developed economy. Economic presumptions delineate an optimistic view ofthe income’s growth in the next decade in Australia. The statistics published by reliableboth national and international institutions are helpful in unraveling economic issues,which allow to portray the bright future of Australia until 2025. It seems that the regionaleconomic development will lead to a significant economic revival. The following issuesconcerning the economic policy and its results have been chosen in order to conductan analysis: GDP per capita, economic growth, demography, the input of nations andregions in the world’s production and the contribution of Australia in the world’s trade.The substantial number of inhabitants (over a half of the globe’s population) in this region is at the same time a serious proportion of consumers. The ongoing transformationin the life of those countries is the effect of education, communication and technologydevelopment. Thereupon, due to the economic and social development of the region,Australia will become its beneficiary and solidify its economic position.

The Post-Industrial Economy of Russia: Problems of Economic Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy ◽  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
New Production ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Post Industrial

The purpose of work consisted in the assessment of development of postindustrial economy in Russia. Creation of econometric models of the contribution of technological mode to GDP per capita of the developed countries has allowed establishing their efficiency. On this basis, we evaluated a contribution of the new fifth and sixth technological modes to GDP per capita of Russia. It has been established that in modern Russia not less than 45-55% of national production is provided due to new post-industrial, fifth and sixth technological modes. The economic policy in the country is answerable to the development of postindustrial economy. It is command-and-control policy, which doesn’t promote the development of post-industrial economy and economic growth. Major factors of growth of post-industrial economy — the human capital formed in an education system, and new production technologies of goods and services — do not develop. The policy directed to formation of institutes — the laws, customs and traditions adequate to post-industrial economic system is necessary for overcoming the economic crisis.

Changes in the Impact of New Technologies and Human Capital on the Contribution of New Ways to the Russian Economy During the Crisis Period

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталия Левкина ◽  
Nataliya Levkina ◽  
Леонид Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy ◽  
Елена Басовская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
New Business ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Estimates of coefficients of elasticity of the contribution of new ways to GDP per capita on the use of the new technologies estimated by capital-labor ratioof work by new fixed assets and on the use of the human capital estimated by a share of busy workers with the higher education during an economic crisis are received. The received results allow estimating the change of efficiency of use of new technologies and the human capital in the country and in regions of Central Federal District during the crisis. In the majority of regions, it corresponds with all-Russian tendencies. However, in several regions elasticity of the contribution of the human capital has not decreased. These are Kaluga, Kostroma, Yaroslavl regions. Elasticity of the contribution of the human capital to GRP provided with new technological ways the Voronezh, Ryazan, Tula regions has significantly increased. In the same regions elasticity of the contribution of new business assets has decreased less considerably, than on average on the Russian regions. Identification of the reasons of this phenomenon demands an additional research.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL - THE MAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE UKRAINE: PROBLEMS THE WAY ITS IMPLEMENTATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1(63)) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
V.F. Goryachuk
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Per Capita

Human capital is the main competitive advantage of Ukraine, but there are a number of negative factors that limit the effectiveness of its use. First of all, this is a low level of staffing with fixed assets (5-6 times lower than in developed European countries). This results in a low technological level of production and, consequently, a 4-5 times lower level of labor productivity in comparison with developed countries, limiting the opportunities of Ukrainian citizens, especially of high qualifications, to realize their abilities and skills. As a result, the outflow of highly skilled professionals to other countries with a higher technological level of production and higher wages. Among 52 countries with the highest level of education, Ukraine has one of the lowest GDP per capita ($ 7,500). At the existing level of education in our country, GDP per capita should be about 30.0 thousand dollars. This inconsistency, to a large extent, can be attributed to inefficient government and high levels of corruption. All this negatively affects the efficiency of the use of human capital and productivity of work of citizens, which they can count on, taking into account their educational level. Important in the consideration of human capital is its moral component, which, unlike other components (education, knowledge, experience, health, etc.) determines the vector of its use: for good or for evil. The efficiency of the use of human capital depends on the state of the institutional environment. The existing institutional environment in Ukraine encourages redistribution rather than material wealth production, reduces the possibility of fair competition, limits the direction of high-productivity use of human capital. Ukraine has enormous intellectual potential. This is our main competitive advantage, it is an opportunity to take a worthy place among the leading countries of the world. Today, there is such a chance, but it will take some time and it can be lost if society continues to cultivate the readiness of people for dishonest acts for the sake of careers, power and money, instead of focusing on the realization of their creative abilities, energy and initiative to ensure the successful modernization of your country.

Impacts of Paris Agreement on Russian economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Makarov ◽  
C. Henry ◽  
V. P. Sergey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Climate Policies

The paper applies multiregional CGE Economic Policy Projection and Analysis (EPPA) model to analyze major risks the Paris Agreement on climate change adopted in 2015 brings to Russia. The authors come to the conclusion that if parties of the Agreement meet their targets that were set for 2030 it may lead to the decrease of average annual GDP growth rates by 0.2-0.3 p. p. Stricter climate policies beyond this year would bring GDP growth rates reduction in2035-2050 by additional 0.5 p. p. If Russia doesn’t ratify Paris Agreement, these losses may increase. In order to mitigate these risks, diversification of Russian economy is required.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

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