Education and Work Status of the Youth Population

OBJECTIVEIn recent years, the use of high-dose spinal cord stimulation (HD-SCS) as a treatment option for patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) has drastically increased. However, to the authors’ knowledge a thorough evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and work status in these patients has not yet been performed. Moreover, it is unclear whether patients who are treated with HD-SCS can regain the same levels of HRQOL as the general population. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare the HRQOL of patients who receive HD-SCS to HRQOL values in an age- and sex-adjusted population without FBSS and to evaluate work status in patients who are receiving HD-SCS.METHODSHRQOL, measured with the 3-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L), and work status were evaluated in 185 FBSS patients at baseline (i.e., before SCS) and at 1, 3, and 12 months of treatment with HD-SCS. Difference scores in utility values between patients and an age- and sex-adjusted normal population were calculated. One-sample Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the EQ-5D-3L difference scores. Mixed models were used to evaluate the evolution over time in EQ-5D-3L utility scores and EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) scores in patients and matched controls. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were calculated using the area under the curve method.RESULTSAn overall significant increase in EQ-5D-3L utility scores and EQ-5D VAS scores was found over time in the patient group. Wilcoxon tests indicated that the difference scores in utility values between patients and the normal population were significantly different from zero at all time points. The median incremental QALY after 12 months of HD-SCS was 0.228 (Q1–Q3: 0.005–0.487) in comparison to continued conservative treatment. At 12 months, 13.75% of patients resumed work.CONCLUSIONSHD-SCS may lead to significantly increased HRQOL at 12 months in patients with FBSS. Despite the increase, reaching the HRQOL level of matched controls was not achieved. Only a limited number of patients were able to return to work. This finding indicates that specialized programs to enhance return to work may be beneficial for patients undergoing SCS.

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A Study on Online Buying Behaviour of Consumers at Bhopal

Adhyayan A Journal of Management Sciences ◽

10.21567/adhyayan.v4i2.10204 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Arun Mishra ◽

Dr. P. K. Chopra

Keyword(s):

Young Generation ◽

Small Cities ◽

Demand And Supply ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Tier Ii ◽

Product Pricing ◽

Online Retailers ◽

Youth Population ◽

Buying Behaviour ◽

Online Buying

Internet and its growing usage by young generation in India have changed the way consumers shop and buy goods and services. The Indian retail market is witnessing a revolution i.e. young consumers are playing important role in online shopping and looking towards Internet as a unique platform for selling online. In India the visitors of e-tailing sites are accounted to be 40% of youth population, which comprises of youngsters between 15 to 34 years of age. These visitors are part of Indian Internet Population. Not only metros but tier II and III cities are also attracting online retailers. Brand awareness and gap in demand and supply are the main reasons for popularity of online retailers in small cities like Bhopal in India. The study focuses on factors that online buyers consider while shopping online. Some of the factors identified in this research are; scarcity of time with the buyer, availability of payment options like COD, variety of products availability, product pricing, discounts and offers etc. The data is collected using a questionnaire on the sample of 100 people in the age bracket of 15 to 60 years and percentage analysis is done for analyzing the collected data.

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Gender Differences in Work Status during Early Career of Dentists: An Analysis of National Survey Cohort Data of 10 Years in Japan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2335

Author(s):

Katsuo Oshima ◽

Tomoko Kodama ◽

Yusuke Ida ◽

Hiroko Miura

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

National Survey ◽

Early Career ◽

Work Status ◽

Work Setting ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Dental Clinics ◽

Career Break ◽

Time Work ◽

Part Time

Few studies have evaluated gender differences in young dentists’ career focusing on career breaks and return to work. We created a cohort dataset for dentists registered in 2006 using the national survey between 2006–2016 (men, 1680; women, 984), and examined the work setting of dentists by gender 10 years after registration. The proportion of dentists on career break increased each survey year, and was more pronounced in women than in men (2006 to 2016, men, 11.2% to 14.2%; women, 7.9% to 31.0%). The proportion of those who had career breaks between 2006–2016 was 44.8% in men and 62.9% in women. In the multiple logistic regression for examining the associations between those who returned to work compared to those working continuously, in women, the odds ratios (OR) were significantly higher in those working in dental clinics (owner, OR: 5.39; employee, OR: 3.10), and those working part-time (OR: 2.07); however, in men, there was no significant association with part-time work. These results suggest during early career phase, female dentists are more likely than males to take career breaks and choose part-time on returning. These gender differences should be considered for ensuring adequate workforce in dentistry in the future.

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Activity Impairment, Work Status, and Work Productivity Loss in Adults 5–7 Years After Burn Injuries

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab047 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Inge Spronk ◽

Nancy EE Van Loey ◽

Cornelis H van der Vlies ◽

Juanita A Haagsma ◽

Suzanne Polinder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Productivity Loss ◽

Total Body Surface Area ◽

Work Productivity ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Work Status ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Work Situation ◽

Activity Impairment ◽

Severe Burns ◽

Specific Health

Abstract An important aspect of the rehabilitation of burn patients is social participation, including daily activities and work. Detailed information on long-term activity impairment and employment is scarce. Therefore, we investigated activity impairment, work status, and work productivity loss in adults 5–7 years following burn injuries, and investigated associations with burn-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) domains. Adult participants completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment General Health questionnaire and the Burn Specific Health Scale-brief (BSHS-B) 5–7 years post-burn. Outcomes were compared between participants with mild/intermediate and severe burns (>20% total body surface area burned). Seventy-six (36%) of the 213 participants experienced some degree of activity impairment due to burn-related problems 5–7 years post-burn. Seventy percent of the population was employed; 12% of them experienced work productivity loss due to burn-related problems. Nineteen percent reported changes in their work situation (partly) because of the burn injury. A higher proportion of participants with severe burns had activity impairments (56% vs 29%; P = .001) and work productivity loss (26% vs 8%; P < .001) compared to participants with mild/intermediate burns. Activity impairment and work productivity loss were both associated with burn-related work problems and lower mood, measured with the BSHS-B. In conclusion, a substantial part of the study population experienced activity impairment and work productivity loss, was unemployed, and/or reported changes in their work situation due to their injury. Particularly patients with severe burns reported productivity loss and had lower employment rates. This subscribes the importance of addressing work-related functioning in the rehabilitation of burn patients.

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Association between breakfast skipping and metabolic outcomes by sex, age, and work status stratification

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s12986-020-00526-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jun Heo ◽

Won-Jun Choi ◽

Seunghon Ham ◽

Seong-Kyu Kang ◽

Wanhyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Young Male ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Work Status ◽

Breakfast Skipping ◽

Metabolic Outcomes ◽

Binomial Regression

Abstract Background The association between breakfast skipping and abnormal metabolic outcomes remains controversial. A comprehensive study with various stratified data is required. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between abnormal metabolic outcomes and breakfast skipping by sex, age, and work status stratification. Methods We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013 to 2018. A total of 21,193 (9022 men and 12,171 women) participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of metabolic outcomes linked to breakfast skipping was estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis by sex, work status, and age stratification. Results A total of 11,952 (56.4%) participants consumed breakfast regularly. The prevalence of abnormal metabolic outcomes was higher among those with irregular breakfast consumption habits. Among young male workers, negative binomial regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast eaters had a higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.27). Conclusions The risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes was significant in young men in the working population. Further studies are required to understand the association of specific working conditions (working hours or shift work) with breakfast intake status and the risk of metabolic diseases.

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Increased Prevalence, Predictors, and In-Group Differences of Forced Sex and Physical Dating Violence among Trans/Gender Diverse Youth

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10060236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Shanna K. Kattari ◽

Brittanie Atteberry-Ash ◽

Christopher Collins ◽

Leonardo Kattari ◽

Vern Harner

Keyword(s):

Dating Violence ◽

Group Differences ◽

Forced Sex ◽

Gender Diverse ◽

Group Experiences ◽

Youth Population ◽

Physical Dating Violence ◽

And Gender ◽

Using Data ◽

Personalized Approach

Forced sex and dating violence are too common among young people and rates are higher for young transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. However, the TGD youth population has differential experiences across gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and other identity factors. This study, using data from the 2015 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey, explores these differential within-group experiences of forced sex and dating violence. Findings indicate that sexual minorities who are also TGD are 2.45–3.73 times more likely to experience forced sex and physical dating violence than their TGD heterosexual peers. Individuals who are transfeminine (4.49 times), transmasculine (2.52 times), and nonbinary (3.86 times) are more likely to experience forced sex, as well as physical dating violence (transfeminine (4.01 times), transmasculine (2.91 times), and nonbinary (4.77 times)), as compared to those individuals questioning their gender. Black individuals (3.93 times) and Multiracial individuals (2.39 times) are more likely to experience dating violence than their White counterparts. Age was related to increased experience of forced sex, with individuals being 1.34 times more likely to have experienced this per year increase of age. These findings indicate the need for more trans-inclusive youth programing around sexual violence and dating violence, as well as taking a more intersectional and personalized approach to prevention work.

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