scholarly journals Perfil do Pequeno Produtor Referente ao Cuidado e Uso de Agrotóxicos em Sinop, Mato Grosso

Author(s):  
Marliton Rocha Barreto ◽  
Maira Luiza Spanholi ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Silveira

A utilização de defensivos agrícolas por produtores rurais é muito comum, inclusive em propriedades menores, mas um dos problemas oriundos desse manuseio é a falta de preocupação do produtor em utilizar os equipamentos de segurança necessários, originando problemas de saúde. Dessa forma, o presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do cuidado e uso de agrotóxicos em pequenas propriedades rurais no município de Sinop (MT), realizado por meio de entrevista e de questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas. Constatou-se que a maioria dos produtores rurais era homens entre 46 a 60 anos, com baixa escolaridade, que cultivavam verduras, hortaliças, soja, milho e criavam gado em pequenas áreas rurais. Como em outros trabalhos de percepção e etnoconhecimento de produtos fitossanitários, a assistência técnica não abrangeu todas as propriedades rurais entrevistadas, embora os produtores tivessem cuidado tanto no manuseio, quanto ao respeito à legislação dos agrotóxicos vigente, como o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs), a tríplice lavagem, ao armazenamento e devolução de embalagens vazias. Nessa área predomina a agricultura familiar, mas utilizam as mesmas práticas produtivas de grandes propriedades. Diante do exposto, é possível concluir que mesmo apresentando baixa escolaridade e pouca informação técnica, o agricultor usa do seu conhecimento adquirido durante a vida e experiência para utilizar de forma mais adequada o uso dos agrotóxicos.   Palavras-chave: Agroquímicos. Agricultor Familiar. Etnoconhecimento. Percepção.   Abstract The use of pesticides by farmers is very common, even on smaller properties, but one of the problems arising from this handling is the lack of the producer’s concern to use the necessary safety equipment, leading to health problems. Thus, this article aimed to make a diagnosis of the care and use of pesticides in small rural properties in the municipality of Sinop (MT), conducted by interview and use of a questionnaire with semi-structured questions. It was found that the majority of the rural producers were men between 46 and 60 years old, with low educational lever, who grew mostly vegetables, soybeans, corn and raised livestock in small areas. As in other studies on perception and ethno-knowledge of plant protection products, technical assistance did not cover all of the interviewed rural properties, although producers were careful to handle, regarding the applicable pesticide legislation, such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), triple washing, storage and return of empty packaging. Family agriculture predominates, but they use the same productive practices as large farms. In view of the above, it can be seen that despite the low educational level and poor technical information, the farmer uses his knowledge and experience as the most appropriate way to use pesticides.   Keywords: Agrochemicals. Ethnoknowledge. Family Farmer. Perception.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Bruno Bortoluzzi Benetti ◽  
Catize Brandelero ◽  
Valmir Werner ◽  
Jaqueline Ottonelli ◽  
Rodrigo Pinto da Silva ◽  
...  

The increasing use of chainsaws in rural areas has demanded the health of rural producers who operate these machines. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the conservation conditions of chainsaws with a 2-stroke Otto Cycle engine and check if they meet NR12 Annex V, as well as confirm whether users meet NR31 in terms of training for use. With the aid of a questionnaire and visits to farms, 103 chainsaws were verified in six municipalities in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. After organizing the data in an electronic spreadsheet, descriptive statistics and canonical correlation were performed. The questions were divided into four groups, namely: operational, mandatory machine safety equipment, cutting set, and engine. The conservation condition of the machines was seen as worrisome. This is because it was found that 66.01% of machines did not have a saber guard and 49.51% of these were worn out. In addition, 97.08% of the producers did not take a chainsaw operation course, and 85.44% reported not using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), therefore, in disagreement with the NR6, NR12 Annex V, and NR31 standards. It was clear the need for the operators to carry out training on the safe use and handling of chainsaws.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e729974627
Author(s):  
Franciele Muchalak ◽  
Elisângela de Souza Loureiro ◽  
Luis Gustavo Amorim Pessoa

The Brazilian forestry sector has great importance in the economy and the sustainability of the country. With the great expansion of monoculture, and many times the proximity of agricultural and forestry plantations favors the migration or establishment of pests. The Helicoverpa armigera is a pest extremely polyphagous that occurs mainly in agricultural crops, and that casually was found feeding on eucalyptus plantations in the region of Chapadão do Sul, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In this study the parameters of consumption, size, and longevity of caterpillars were measured. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (clones I 144; 08; Urocam VM01; AEC 1528 and artificial diet, this being a witness) and six replicates of 10 caterpillar larvae. The clones were grown in greenhouse conditions to produce leaves free of chemical plant protection products and with good nutritional status from which they have removed the sheets and supplied to the caterpillars. There was no statistical difference between the clones tested in none of the evaluated parameters. Only the artificial diet showed statistical difference concerning the size. The caterpillars fed on leaves of the clones have not completed their development, suggesting that the effect of antibiosis interfering on the biology of H. armigera not reaching status of pest.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.


Author(s):  
Gavin Lewis ◽  
Axel Dinter ◽  
Charlotte Elston ◽  
Michael Thomas Marx ◽  
Christoph Julian Mayer ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Kuster ◽  
Nicola J. Hewitt ◽  
Clare Butler Ellis ◽  
Christian Timmermann ◽  
Thomas Anft

Author(s):  
Marco Grella ◽  
Fabrizio Gioelli ◽  
Paolo Marucco ◽  
Ingrid Zwertvaegher ◽  
Eric Mozzanini ◽  
...  

AbstractThe pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system is the most advanced technology to obtain variable rate spray application without varying the operative sprayer parameters (e.g. spray pressure, nozzle size). According to the precision agriculture principles, PWM is the prime technology that allows to spray the required amount where needed without varying the droplet size spectra which benefits both the uniformity of spray quality and the spray drift reduction. However, some concerns related to the effect of on–off solenoid valves and the alternating on/off action of adjacent nozzles on final uneven spray coverage (SC) have arisen. Further evaluations of PWM systems used for spraying 3D crops under field conditions are welcomed. A tower-shaped airblast sprayer equipped with a PWM was tested in a vineyard. Twelve configurations, combining duty cycles (DC: 30, 50, 70, 100%) and forward speeds (FS: 4, 6, 8 km h−1), were tested. Two methodologies, namely field-standardized and real field conditions, were adopted to evaluate the effect of DC and FS on (1) SC variability (CV%) along both the sprayer travel direction and the vertical spray profile using long water sensitive papers (WSP), and (2) SC uniformity (IU, index value) within the canopy at different depths and heights, respectively. Furthermore, the SC (%) and deposit density (Nst, no stains cm−2), determined using short WSP, were used to evaluate the spray application performances taking into account the spray volumes applied. Under field-controlled conditions, the pulsing of the PWM system affects both the SC variability measured along the sprayer travel direction and along the vertical spray profile. In contrast, under real field conditions, the PWM system does not affect the uniformity of SC measured within the canopy. The relationship between SC and Nst allowed identification of the ranges of 200–250 and 300–370 l ha−1 as the most suitable spray volumes to be applied for insecticide and fungicide plant protection products, respectively.


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