scholarly journals The background of regulating non-bank loan institutions in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Estera Pindel ◽  
Czesław Bartłomiej Martysz
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Significant Limitation ◽  
Financial Exclusion ◽  
Bank Levy ◽  
The Law

<p>Non-bank loan institutions in Poland often face a bad reputation or a lack of trust, are compared to "parabanks" and frequently recognised as companies operating at the borders of the law. Despite their membership in the financial sector, until recently, public supervision had little control over loan companies and had little knowledge about the scale of their operations. The greater restrictiveness of the new regulations caused a slowdown in the development of loan companies. Changes such as the introduction of bank levy and the amendment to the Consumer Credit Act of 2016 had a significant impact on the financial results and the structure of products offered by loan companies. Along with the new regulations, however, there is doubt regarding whether these changes, which are intended to organise the market for non-bank loans, will actually lead to an exodus of loan institutions from the market and to significant limitation and financial exclusion on the part of Polish consumers.</p>

scholarly journals Financing of SME sector in Serbia via bank loans: Crisis and postcrisis trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
Teodora Šutaković
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan

The SME sector in Serbia is extremely important for the economy of Serbia as it makes a large part of the non-financial sector, employs the most people in Serbia and participates largely in the GVA of Serbia. However, SME sector it is still insufficiently profitable and non-efficient. Bank loans are the dominant external way of financing SME sector in Serbia. The financial crisis, which has started in 2008, has affected the movement of interest rates, the availability of bank loans, bank loan security requests and the level of non-performing loans. First signs of the recovery of SME sector in Serbia have been seen in 2013.

Discretionary Accruals in Italian Private Firms and Non-Linear Bank Loan Granting

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Mafrolla ◽  
Viola Nobili
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Banking Union ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
European Banking Union

This paper investigates whether and at what extent private firms reduce the quality of their accruals in order to signal a better portrait to the bank and obtain new or larger bank loans. We measure earnings discretionary accruals of a sample of Italian private firms, testing whether new and larger bank loans are associated with a higher (lower) quality of earnings in borrowers' financial reporting. We study bank loan levels and changes and how they impact discretionary accruals and found that, surprisingly, private firms' discretionary accruals are systematically positively affected by an increase in bank loans, although they are negatively affected by the credit worthiness rating assigned to the borrowers. We find that the monitoring role of the banking system with regard to the adoption of discretionary accruals is effective only when the loan is very large. This paper may have implications for policy-makers as it contributes to the understanding of the shortcomings of the banking regulatory system. This is an extremely relevant issue since the excessive amount of non-performing loans held by Italian banks recently threatened the stability of the European Banking Union as a whole.

Protecting the Desperate: The Regulation of Payday Lending

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Andrew J Serpell
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Payday Lending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Payday Loans ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Credit Contracts ◽  
The Cost

Payday loans are small-amount, short-term, unsecured, high-cost credit contracts provided by non-mainstream credit providers. Payday loans are usually taken out to help the consumer pay for essential items, such as food, rent, electricity, petrol, broken-down appliances or car registration or repairs. These consumers take out payday loans because they cannot — or believe that they cannot — obtain a loan from a mainstream credit provider such as a bank. In recent years there has been a protracted debate in Australia — and in several overseas jurisdictions — about how to regulate the industry. Recent amendments to the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth) — referred to in this article as the 2013 reforms — are designed to better protect payday loan consumers. While the 2013 reforms provide substantially improved protection for payday loan consumers, further changes to the law may be warranted. This article raises several law reform issues which should be considered as part of the 2015 review into small amount credit contracts, including whether the caps on the cost of credit are set at the right level, whether the required content and presentation of the consumer warnings needs to be altered, whether more needs to be done to protect consumers who are particularly disadvantaged or vulnerable and whether a general anti-avoidance provision should be included in the credit legislation.

scholarly journals Only the brave: improving self-rationing efficiency among discouraged Swiss SMEs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Wernli ◽  
Andreas Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Discouraged Borrowers ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractWe conduct a survey among 1922 Swiss SMEs to analyze their access to bank loans. Credit-constrained SMEs are six times more likely to be discouraged than rejected. The most dominant reasons for being discouraged are too high collateral requirements, cumbersome application procedure, and the expectation of being turned down. Through a unique feature in the Swiss banking market, we also find new evidence for the importance of a strong firm–bank relationship. We challenge the assumption that discouraged borrowers are very similar to rejected borrowers. Our results indicate that the group of discouraged borrowers is more similar to the denied borrowers than to the group of approved borrowers, but only with respect to firm characteristics. For variables describing business development and firm–bank relationship, discouraged SMEs have less in common with credit-constrained firms than with their unconstrained counterparts. Even with a conservative prediction, about 60% of the discouraged firms would have obtained a bank loan if they had applied for one. The self-rationing mechanism observed is thus rather inefficient, and banks and policy makers should think about how to foster SMEs’ courage to apply for the bank loans they need.

Determinants of commercial bank loan and advance disbursement: the case of private Ethiopian commercial banks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekeste Birhanu ◽  
Sewunet Bosho Deressa ◽  
Hossein Azadi ◽  
Ants-Hannes Viira ◽  
Steven Van Passel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Portfolio Investment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lending Rate

PurposeThis paper aimed to investigate the determinants of loans and advances from commercial banks in the case of Ethiopian private commercial banks.Design/methodology/approachThe study randomly selected seven commercial banks to represent the population stratified on their asset, deposit and paid-up capital amounts. The study utilized an unbalanced panel data model as each bank started operation at a different period of time and considered the period 1995–2016 for secondary details.FindingsThe findings showed that the deposit size, credit risk, portfolio investment, average lending rate, real gross domestic product (GDP) and inflation rate had significant and optimistic effects on the lending and advancement of private commercial banks. On the contrary, liquidity ratio had significant and negative effects on private commercial bank loans and advances. Finally, the study forwarded a feasible recommendation for concerned organs to focus on deposit size, credit risk, portfolio investment, average lending rate, real GDP, inflation rate and liquidity ratio. The results of this study will help banking industry policymakers and planners understand how to minimize inflation and unemployment by improving development and sustainable economic growth.Originality/valueThe findings of this study can also affect the general attitudes of a society by increasing knowledge and improve the quality of life for the general public.

scholarly journals Which companies find it easier to obtain bank loans? Evidence from China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Ruan ◽  
Erwei Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Chinese Listed Companies ◽  
Loan Financing

The study investigates the determinants of bank loan financing of Chinese listed companies from 1996 to 2009. The empirical results suggest that the channels through which companies obtain bank loans are different. Companies controlled by the state can more easily obtain loans from state-owned commercial banks and policy banks, while privately controlled companies have significantly larger access to loans from foreign banks. The empirical results also show that political connectedness and institutional development are the significant determinants of the bank loan financing of private companies. If companies locate in an area with higher level of institutional development, the proportion of their loans from state-owned banks is smaller than that of companies locate in areas with lower level of institutional development

Bank Loans with Chinese Characteristics: Some Evidence on Inside Debt in a State-Controlled Banking System

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1795-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Bailey ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Zhishu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Inside Information ◽  
Inside Debt ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Loan Approval ◽  
Loan Announcements ◽  
Local Stock

AbstractWe study a transitional economy where state-controlled banks make loan decisions based on noisy inside information on prospective borrowers, and may lend to avert unemployment and social instability. In China, poor financial performance and high managerial expenses increase the likelihood of obtaining a bank loan, and bank loan approval predicts poor subsequent borrower performance. Negative event study responses occur at bank loan announcements, particularly for borrowers measuring poorly on quality and creditworthiness, or for lenders or borrowers involved in litigation regarding loans. Our results highlight dilemmas in a state-led financial system and the local stock market’s sophistication in interpreting news.

Ethnicity and bank lending before and during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Cowling ◽  
Weixi Liu ◽  
Elaine Conway
Keyword(s):  
Bank Lending ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethnic Business ◽  
Lending Discrimination ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ethnic Businesses

PurposeUsing ethnicity as our point of focus, the authors consider the dynamics of the demand for bank loans, and the willingness of banks to supply them, as the UK economy entered the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 with a particular focus on potential behavioural differences on the demand-side and discrimination on the supply-side. In doing so we directly address crisis induced financial concerns and how they played out in the context of ethnicity.Design/methodology/approachUsing the most recent ten quarterly waves of the UK SME Finance Monitor survey the authors consider whether ethnicity of the business owner impacts on the decision to apply for bank loans in the first instance. The authors then question whether ethnicity influences the banks decision to meet or reject the request for a bank loan.FindingsThe authors’ pre-COVID-19 results show that there were no ethnic differences in loan application and success rates. During COVID-19, both white and ethnic business loan application rates rose significantly, but the scale of this increase was greater for ethnic businesses. The presence of government 100% guaranteed lending also increased general loan success rates, but again the scale of this improvement was greater for ethnic businesses.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors show very clearly that differences in the willingness of banks to supply loans to SMEs relate very explicitly to firm specific characteristics and ethnicity either plays no additional role or actually leads to improved loan outcomes. The data is for the UK and for a very unique COVID time which may mean that wider generalisability is unwise.Practical implicationsEthnic business owners should not worry about lending discrimination or be discouraged from applying for loans.Social implicationsThe authors identify at worst no lending discrimination and at best positive ethnic discrimination.Originality/valueThis is one of the largest COVID-19 period studies into the financing of ethnic businesses.

No-Fly Zone in the Loan Office: How Chief Executive Officers’ Risky Hobbies Affect Credit Stakeholders’ Evaluation of Firms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ouyang ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Chief Executive Officers ◽  
Default Risk ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Executive Officers ◽  
The Impact

The extant research has often examined the work-related experiences of corporate executives, but their off-the-job activities could be just as insightful. This study employs a novel proxy for the risky hobbies of chief executive officers (CEOs)—CEOs’ hobby of piloting a private aircraft—and investigates its effect on credit stakeholders’ evaluation of the firms led by the CEOs as reflected in bank loan contracting. Using a longitudinal data set on CEOs of large United States-listed firms across multiple industries between 1993 and 2010, we obtain strong evidence that bank loans to firms steered by CEOs who fly private jets as a hobby tend to incur a higher cost of debt, to be secured, to have more covenants, and to be syndicated. These effects are mainly driven by banks, which perceive such firms as having a higher default risk. These relationships become stronger when the CEO is more important to the firm and/or can exercise stronger control over decision making. Supplemented by field interviews, our results are also robust to various endogeneity checks using different experimental designs, the Heckman two-stage model, a propensity score-matching approach, a difference-in-differences test, and the impact threshold of confounding variables.

24. Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Clarke ◽  
RJA Hooley ◽  
RJC Munday ◽  
LS Sealy ◽  
AM Tettenborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Credit ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Security Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter serves as an introduction to commercial credit and security. Credit plays an important role in the world of commerce. In the sale of goods, for example, the seller may have to borrow money from a bank so that he can obtain the buyer's order and supply the goods as required. The bank loan is a form of credit. This chapter first considers the definition of credit before discussing two forms of credit: loan credit and sale credit. It then examines the relevant provisions of the Consumer Credit Act 1974, the nature and purpose of security, real security and security interest, and quasi-security. It also describes the three stages involved in the process of creating an effective security interest: attachment, perfection, and priorities. Finally, it analyses the agreement to give security over future property and the proposed reform of the applicable law.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document