BILINGUALISM AS A PSYCHOSOCIAL AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The multidimensional studies of bilingualism problems in the framework of pedagogy, psychology, sociolinguistics are considered. It was found that bilingualism is, first of all, a socio-cultural phenomenon that needs to be studied in various aspects, first of all in sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and, in fact, linguistic. It was found that today there is an ambiguous attitude to bilingualism: sociologists assess it mostly negatively, arguing that bilingualism within the borders of one country leads to social instability; psychologists draw our attention to the negative impact of bilingualism on the child's psyche. In defense of bilingualism, there arises the argument, that a bilingual personality is a personality with two language codes, two language tools, two tools of thinking that enhance the capabilities of the individual, increase the intellectual level of the individual, his/her culture under the condition of the right educational conditions and means of achieving the bilingualism itself or the educational environment.

Government Competition, Land Supply Structure and Semi-Urbanization in China

Population urbanization is crucial to establishing a harmonious society. However, the phenomenon of population semi-urbanization is becoming an issue of ever-increasing concern in China. More and more immigrants from rural areas work and live in the city, but their roots remain in the rural area. This paper aims to analyze the influence mechanism of government competition on population semi-urbanization through land supply structure. The study’s theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results are based on the panel data of 105 key prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2017. The results demonstrate that: (1) land finance and land-motivated investment engendered by government competition lead to an imbalance in the land price structure, further increasing the rate of population semi-urbanization; (2) land finance does not lead to population semi-urbanization through the land area structure; and (3) land-motivated investment aggravates the imbalance in the land area structure, further leading to population semi-urbanization. It is found that government competition in terms of achieving performance indicators affects population semi-urbanization by adjusting the land supply structure. Efforts should be made to achieve the coordinated development of urbanization, given that the increasing rate of population semi-urbanization will almost certainly aggravate social instability.

Tolerance of uncertainty as a determinant of educators' psychological health in conditions of social tension

Introduction. Social instability increases the importance of tolerance of uncertainty among representatives of different social and professional groups. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, educators' tolerance of uncertainty as a probable determinant of their psychological health is of particular interest for researchers. Aim: to study tolerance of uncertainty as a determinant of educational staff's psychological health in conditions of social tension. Methods: D. McLain's MSTAT-II (adapted by E.M. Osin), T. Galkina & N. Artemtseva's Attitude to Psychological Health Scale, Scale of Positive Mental Health by J. Lukat et al., and Locus of Health Control questionnaire. Results. It was found that the most pronounced components of tolerance of uncertainty were the attitude to novelty and preference of uncertainty. Uncertainty tolerance components affected most aspects of educators' psychological health. Conclusion. Tolerance of uncertainty should be seen as a determinant of educators' psychological health.

Development and preconditions of motivation mechanism creation in the conditions of globalization

The paper highlights the characteristic features of labor motivation, its economic essence and the state at the present stage of the national economy development in the conditions of globalization. During the research the main factors of creation and management of motivation mechanism were revealed. In the conditions of further transformation of the national economy, which is accompanied by political and social instability, the problem of motivation and creation of motivation mechanism at national enterprises of all forms of ownership has become even more urgent. As a result of the study, particular attention was paid to the identification of the tools for effective management of motivation processes, which determine deep systemic changes in the conditions of national economy reform. An improved methodology for evaluating the results of effective development of mechanisms of motivation procedures and rules regulating interaction between the company’s management and its subordinates has been developed. Based on the analysis of the results of the study, the current state of motivation instruments is defined as a precondition for modernization of the national economy and increase of its competitiveness in the conditions of influence of globalization factors. The main methods and methods of motivation of work are systematized and their essence is disclosed. It has been proved that the efficiency of management and achievement of the general goals of the enterprise require the use of effective mechanisms of labor behavior of employees of the company, which would ensure harmonious coordination of their activity and encourage effective performance of established functions according to the defined goals and tasks. One such mechanism is a well-grounded and efficient motivation system that allows targeted impact on the behavior of employees in accordance with the needs of the organization in the context of globalization.

Tourism - factor for revival of the national economy

Due to the specificity of its content, tourism is an important sector in the contemporary world, which includes a huge force of recovery, development and economic prosperity. The recent economic reality shows us that tourism is experiencing a continuous expansion, thus becoming a field of major importance for both developed national economies and developing countries. In the conditions of economic, political and social instability worldwide, phenomena that produce a negative impact on the development of several national economies, tourism has proved, for many countries, to be a good solution to overcome these crises through economic diversification. At the same time, both developing and developed countries pay particular attention to developing strategies to intensify domestic and international tourism as those that contribute to overcoming economic crises. Tourism is a factor that can make an essential contribution to the prosperity, development and improvement of living standards in the Republic of Moldova.

Censors and Public Lands: The Failure of Governance of a Common?

Nowadays, a small part of the worldwide population, under the aegis of property on some commons, can find a way to increase their riches, intensifying the conflicts inside the society and damaging the environment. This is the “dark side” of globalization: through this phenomenon, humans economically and socially united most of our planet, simultaneously emphasizing the fragmentation that lies under this apparent unification. This conflict, however, is not between law and society, but it is inside the latter, where the only possible way to bridge the gap seems – mostly – to be through philanthropy. This work wants to find a possible enlightenment through the study of the regulation of the roman’s lands (ager publicus), which were granted under a payment: thus, they were subjected to revocation. This rule was strengthened for the most fruitful lands through the recognition of a supervisory power in the hands of the censors, census officers and controllers of the citizen’s morality, whose decadence was sanctioned with the loss of the right to vote. It was them who could decide to whom give these lands in lease through a public auction, never considering – through a direct sanction as revocation – the ethics of the winners, thus allowing to increase their assets and consequentially the social instability.

Vandal Practices as a Psychological Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vandalism can be seen as a form of individual self-realization and expression of the individual and collective responses to change. In this paper, we intend to look at the meaning and motivations behind acts of vandalism. We also aim to classify cases of vandalism that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, we analyzed 80 cases of vandalism related to the COVID-19. The information was obtained from open online sources: publications in online communities and media found through the use of hashtags #COVID-19 and #vandalism. As a result, five categories of vandalism were identified: (a) vandalism as a mechanism of adaptation to change; (b) vandalism as a coping strategy; (c) vandalism as an unconscious defensive reaction to a threatening situation; (d) vandalism as resistance to change; and (e) vandalism as a reflection of the sense of social injustice. We found that vandalism during the pandemic was used mostly as a way of adaptation to change and as a coping strategy. Moreover, our findings have also demonstrated that social instability and transitivity in the crisis period stimulate people to rethink the current social order and search for new social forms, structures, and principles.