scholarly journals Criminological and Forensic Aspects of Selected Areas of Organized Crime in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Karol Bajda
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Car Crime

<p><span lang="EN-US">The article presents a criminological and forensic analysis of selected forms of contemporary organized crime in Poland, with particular emphasis on criminal terror, human trafficking, car crime, money laundering and cross-border crime. The study indicates the most important methods used by offenders in the analyzed areas from the perspective of criminology and forensics. The article aims at presenting the phenomenology (also known as symptomatology) of organized crime, including the dynamics and structure of crime in general, the methods of committing particular crimes and some elements of how the criminal world is organized. The author also points to the etiology of the characterized criminal activities. Among others, the reports on the activities of the Central Police Investigation Bureau have been used during the research. As a result of the analysis, several remarks have been formulated. First of all, the character of the presented forms of organized crime in Poland changes with time. Secondly, groups that demonstrate strictly criminal activities are still present in the public space. Thirdly, crime becomes more interdisciplinary and the criminal groups enter new areas of criminal activities. The article may form a contribution to further research in this area, including especially the development of effective mechanisms for the prevention of organized crime.</span></p>

Money laundering and predicate offenses: models of criminological and legal relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgy Rusanov ◽  
Yury Pudovochkin
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Crime Organization ◽  
Economic Crimes

Purpose Purpose of the study is to show the relationships of money laundering with predicate offenses. Design/methodology/approach Each of these groups of crimes was investigated against the following criteria: statistical data on convictions and the proportion of prisoners in the general structure of a criminal record, links to organized crime, methods of money laundering and proportion of laundered money received from a particular predicate offense in the total amount of money laundered. Findings Based on the study of Russian legislation and practice peculiarities of this relationship, the features of the following relationships were revealed: relationship between widespread and relatively easy-to-control crimes against the property and drug trafficking and high latent and more difficult-to-control corruption and economic crimes. Originality/value As a result, it was concluded that there is a potential connection between the public danger of money laundering, the degree of crime organization and efficiency of the process of money laundering depending on the type of a predicate offense.

Organized Crime

2008 ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
Frank G. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Modern Times

This article discusses a virtually unknown but growing role of the UN, which is its contribution to combating transnational organized crime. This includes illicit drug and human trafficking. UN efforts in this area are based on the Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The article stresses that reinterpretations of older conventions are important in modern times, where national authorities may be at a disadvantage in fighting illicit activity. The article determines that destroying terrorism and money laundering is similar to stopping the trafficking of illicit drugs and humans, since these should be intrinsic and not additional UN activities.

scholarly journals THE „HAWALA SYSTEM“ - BETWEEN CUSTOMARY LAW AND ORGANIZED CRIME

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ivan Geshev ◽  
Nikolay Marin
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The One ◽  
Conventional Type

The article aims to reveal the nature and specifics of the alternative method of modern banking ‘Hawala’, which makes it on the one hand, extremely convenient for use by organized criminal groups, and on the other, difficult to be investigated and proven. The authors trace Hawala’s historical roots, referring to the ancient customary law, and point out the strict rules on which it operates. It highlights that, with the development of information technologies, the Hawala systems’ principles have found a new application, from which organized criminal groups benefit. The article clarifies how the Bulgarian legislation incriminates money laundering and the possible use of the ‘Hawala’ system for this and other criminal activities. Attention is paid to the Bulgarian experience in the investigation of a network of persons involved in the use of the Hawala method for concealing, particularly serious crimes. The conclusion is made that the Hawala phenomenon poses a serious threat to the rule of law in any country, and the Bulgarian legislation needs to be adapted in order to provide effective mechanisms to counter such non-conventional type of crime.

3. The business of organized crime

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-90
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Antonopoulos ◽  
Georgios Papanicolaou
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Illegal Markets ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
Exhaustive List

‘The business of organized crime’ discusses the types of business in which organized crime is involved. Although the discussion is not an exhaustive list of organized criminal activities, it covers a wide spectrum of possibilities in the reality of organized crime where there are opportunities for financial gain. The specific areas of organized criminality covered include predatory activities, such as extortion and protection; illegal markets of legal commodities such as tobacco; illegal markets of illegal commodities such as drugs; migrant smuggling and human trafficking; loansharking and illegal money lending; arms trafficking; counterfeiting; corporate crime; and money laundering.

scholarly journals The Puzzle of ASEAN Instruments to Combat Human Trafficking

WIMAYA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Numtip Smerchuar ◽  
Warach Madhyamapurush
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Asean Countries

Human trafficking came to the public concern in the 1990s, caused by the movement of people and the operation of organized crime. As the problem grew more complex, collaboration was needed to enhance effective mechanisms to combat human trafficking. However, ASEAN Countries, after more than two decades in fighting against human trafficking issue, efforts in prevention and protection found limited results due to the fluctuating number of trafficked victims in the region. This paper aims to examine the mechanisms and the development of instruments to enhance the efforts in tackling human trafficking problems of ASEAN by employing the descriptive approach of policy analysis, focusing specifically on regional practices and policy development. Data were mainly collected English-based documents; it can be concluded that collaboration among ASEAN countries has been initiated various types of regional instruments. However, the success of practices following the existing regional framework remains murky.

Common Enemies: Crime, Policy, and Politics in Australia-Indonesia Relations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Crime Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

Over the last two decades, Australia and Indonesia have built a remarkable partnership in the fight against terrorism and other transnational crimes. Common Enemies: Crime, Policy, and Politics in Australia–Indonesia Relations is the first in-depth study of this partnership, examining both its successes and its failures. Drawing on over 100 interviews and extensive archival material, the book tells the inside story of the joint police investigation into the 2002 terrorist bombings in Bali, the extradition of Indonesian corruption fugitive Adrian Kiki Ariawan, the public campaigns in support of Australians detained in Indonesia for drug trafficking, and the 2013 spying scandal that led to a freeze in cooperation. It also investigates many cases that never made the headlines in an effort to understand the conditions that promote criminal justice cooperation between these two very different countries. The book reveals a tension between parochial politics and policy ambition at the heart of the bilateral relationship, and explores how politicians, bureaucrats, and private actors animate this tension. It also considers how various ‘wars on crime’ since the 1970s have shaped the relationship, and the importance of reciprocity in maintaining the relationship. Based on this analysis, it identifies strategies for enhancing cross-border cooperation to combat crime. The mix of engaging case studies and novel theorizing in Common Enemies will appeal to both practitioners and scholars of transnational policing, international relations, regulation, and global governance.

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENYELUDUPAN MANUSIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhd. Teguh Syuhada Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime

The developments of information technology and transport is increasing so as to make the boundaries between countries increasingly apparent. Traffic is more easily accessible. More open the traffic between countries in the globalization era also led the increasing of mobility of goods and people between one country to another country. The opening track between countries are not only used for business necessities of life, but also the movement of people from one country to another. The flow of human movement, basically is the goal to find the solution of all the problems that they find in the place of themselves. The movement of human movement is a gap for the occurrence of crime. In the context of transnational crime, human trafficking is a form of transnational organized crime that potentially cause the kinds of implications for other crimes. Human smuggling can be a weak dose of a country’s legal system in dealing with covert motivation of the imigiran to make the country as a state intermediary for the crime. Other crimes may arise due to the omission of the practice of human trafficking, such as conventional crimes (fraud, rape, murder, and theft), shipping, human trafficking, money laundering, banking crimes and terrorism.

scholarly journals Corporate governance and organized crimes: Comparative analytical study of the legislative role

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Tayil Mahmoud Shiyab ◽  
Mohammad Amin Alkrisheh ◽  
Alaa Y. Darawsheh
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Narcotic Drug ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
International Conventions

This research aims to study the organized crime, its characteristics, and the legislative role in combating it. Due to its reception of many refugees from Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Libya, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Jordan witnessed a widespread of numerous forms of organized crimes such as drug crimes, money laundering, and human trafficking. The authors seek to clarify how Emirati and Jordanian lawmakers dealt with such crime, and whether their legal texts were sufficient and consistent with international conventions. An analytical and comparative approach was the methodology utilized to conduct the study. The authors tackled this research through, the demonstration of the concept of organized crime in the international conventions and national legislation and the viewpoints of Jurisprudence in this regard. Organized crime is described as a threat to national security and as a crime that has dire political implications at the national and international levels (Campbell, 2014). The research has focused on the laws concerning common organized crimes such as narcotic drug trafficking, human trafficking, and money laundering. This research highlighted the efforts exerted by legislators in both countries to combat organized crimes. The findings indicate that both countries enforced specific laws and regulations to stop such crimes

The Migration-Crime Nexus and the Press in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Alexander A Caviedes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Press ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Over Time

This article explores the link between migrants and crime as portrayed in the European press. Examining conservative newspapers from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2016, the study situates the press coverage in each individual country within a comparative perspective that contrasts the frequency of the crime narrative to that of other prominent narratives, as well as to that in the other countries. The article also charts the prevalence of this narrative over time, followed by a discussion of which particular aspects of crime are most commonly referenced in each country. The findings suggest that while there has been no steady increase in the coverage of crime and migration, the press securitizes migration by focusing on crime through a shared emphasis on human trafficking and the non-European background of the perpetrators. However, other frames advanced in these newspapers, such as fraud or organized crime, comprise nationally distinctive characteristics.

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