scholarly journals How the UEFA Financial Fair Play regulations affect football clubs’ priorities and leagues’ competitive balance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-142
Author(s):  
Pedro Garcia-del-Barrio ◽  
Giambattista Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
European Football

Institutional and legal reforms applied in the context of sports competitions often provoke structural changes that can be empirically investigated. Using a data set of 560 observations (20 teams per season, from 2009/10 to 2015/16, of teams playing in the Premier League, La Liga, Serie A and Ligue 1), this paper examines how the UEFA Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations may have altered the football clubs’ decisions concerning their sport and financial priorities. Moreover, based on a simple theoretical description, the paper shows that the increasing financial stability promoted by the FFP rules might actually imply – as an undesired side effect – a declined competitive balance affecting the European football leagues. Finally, the paper discusses some policy issues and recommendations.

scholarly journals The unintended consequence of Financial Fair Play

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Plumley ◽  
Girish Mohan Ramchandani ◽  
Robert Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Football ◽  
English Premier League

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine competitive balance in European football leagues before and after the inception of Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations by Union of European Football Associations in 2011, designed to bring about financial stability and improve competitive balance in the European game. Design/methodology/approach The research focuses on the top division football leagues in England (English Premier League), Germany (Bundesliga), France (Ligue 1), Italy (Serie A) and Spain (La Liga). The paper is organised into two distinct time periods: pre-FFP, comprising the six seasons between 2005/2006 and 2010/2011; and post-FFP, comprising the six seasons between 2011/2012 and 2016/2017. The paper uses recognised measures of concentration and dominance to measure competitive balance. Findings The results show a statistically significant decline in competitive balance post-FFP for leagues in Spain, Germany and France but not for England and Italy. Furthermore, the results report significantly higher levels of concentration and dominance by a select number of clubs in Germany. Originality/value The paper is one of the first to analyse competitive balance in this way both pre- and post-FFP. Whilst the paper cannot demonstrate a causal link between FFP and competitive balance, there are strong indications that competitive balance has been adversely affected (for some leagues) since the regulations have been imposed. To that end, the paper argues that FFP has had “unintended consequences” in respect of competitive balance.

scholarly journals Is The Sport Management Course Curriculum Compatible With Football Governing Institutions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Akın Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Sports Management ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
European Football ◽  
The Government ◽  
Break Even Point

Sport is becoming a global phenomenon. Moreover, it has been one of the major sources of income for the government in different countries. Therefore, sport management education is becoming increasingly important in the management of sports. Countries that spend more on the development of sports facilities have been associated with huge improvements in the sports industry. Similarly, clubs that spend more on acquiring new talents in the industry and availing sports facilities have been associated with higher performance. This led the European football clubs in the spending more than they earn so as to acquire the services of the best talents and avail the best sports facilities so as to perform better. Therefore UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) launched its financial fair play regulations. UEFA financial fair play regulations were introduced to prevent the European football clubs from overspending. This situation affects the education curriculum of the sports management departments in universities. The regulations have compelled the clubs to spend at the break-even point. This has led to the improvement in brand value, increased sponsors, and making decisions that do not lead the clubs to overspend. As a result, the clubs have grown economically and achieved higher financial stability. This research explores the adaptation of the sport management curriculum to these new situations.

Does Financial Fair Play Matter? The Real Effects of UEFA Regulation for European Football Clubs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariela Caglio ◽  
Sébastien Laffitte ◽  
Donato Masciandaro ◽  
Gianmarco I.P. Ottaviano
Keyword(s):  
Fair Play ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
European Football

scholarly journals Financial fair play and competitive balance in the Premier League

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher John Freestone ◽  
Argyro Elisavet Manoli
Keyword(s):  
Fair Play ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Financial Strength ◽  
European Football ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
English Premier League ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The introduction of financial fair play (FFP) regulations in 2011 was accompanied by criticism that they would have an adverse effect on competitive balance in European football. Counter-points were also expressed, suggesting that the opposite would occur; that they would actually increase competitive balance through reducing the importance of financial power. The lack of clarity and cohesion on this issue prompted this paper. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect FFP has had on competitive balance in the English Premier League. Design/methodology/approach The analysis conducted uses the Herfindahl Index of Competitive Balance as the primary method, and is supported by standard deviation of points analysis and a Scully-Noll ratio analysis, which together provide an indication of the level of competitive balance for each of the past 21 seasons, from 1995/1996 to 2015/2016. This examination allows for the trends in competitive balance to be identified, with emphasis drawn on the seasons after the introduction of the regulations. Findings The results provide no indication that FFP regulations have resulted in a decline in competitive balance in the EPL, instead hinting that a positive effect may have been caused. This positive effect exceeds the primary aim of the regulations and underlines their importance in the future stability of club football. Originality/value While underlining the need for further research on the topic, this study provides the first insights into the effects of FFP regulations on competitive balance in the EPL. These insights would support the view that FFP initiatives have begun to shift the focus of sporting competition away from financial strength towards more natural means of competition such as efficiency, innovation and good management.

scholarly journals The Impact of Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Financial Fair Play Regulation on Audit Fees: Evidence from Spanish Football

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Mareque ◽  
Angel Barajas ◽  
Francisco Lopez-Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Audit Fees ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
European Football ◽  
Audit Reports ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes whether the Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations set by Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) have influenced the auditing fees charged to football clubs. In addition, it explores the determinants of audit fees. We used a two-sample t-test with equal variances to determine whether differences are present. After this, we carried out a panel data regression with the clubs fix effect to estimate the determinants of audit fees in football clubs. Our findings revealed an increase of audit fees after the implementation of FFP regulations. On top of that, audit fees were explained by the presence of foreign investors if the audit firm was one of the Big 4 and if the auditor was a woman. The regulation change has had an impact on the audit fees charged by auditors for their services. However, this increase may be compensated over future years given the improving financial situation of clubs; therefore, the auditors’ risk diminishes and subsequent audit fees may be reduced. UEFA should monitor audit fees as well as the quality of the audit reports, which have become crucial to obtaining the license to participate in UEFA competitions.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Implementation of UEFA Financial Fair Play: A Case Study on Arsenal and Machester United Football Club

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sendy Sendy ◽  
Gatot Soepriyanto ◽  
Nuraini Sari
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Football Club ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
European Football

This study aims to analyze the implementation of UEFA Financial Fair Play (FFP) to European football clubs. Research is conducted based on Arsenal and Manchester United football clubs financial statements for 2010-2012. The study uses financial simulation to test whether the two England-based club are able to meet the UEFA FFP rules. Analyses were also conducted on the financial performance ratios of both clubs and their effects on the implementation of the UEFA FFP. The result is the two clubs can meet the standard provisions for the implementation of UEFA FFP. In the assessment of financial performance, Arsenal have a slightly better financial ratios than Manchester United. Performance aspects of profitability and solvency became an issue in the implementation of UEFA's FFP, related with debt holdings and high salaries that owned by both clubs.

scholarly journals Transparency and Accountability in Sports: Measuring the Social and Financial Performance of Spanish Professional Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8663
Author(s):  
Rudemarlyn Urdaneta ◽  
Juan C. Guevara-Pérez ◽  
Fernando Llena-Macarulla ◽  
José M. Moneva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Football ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transparency And Accountability

This study reviews the impact of the Spanish Transparency Law (TL) 19/2013 and the Union of European Football Associations’ (UEFA) Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations, on the transparency and accountability of Spanish professional football clubs, and examines the influence of financial performance on the transparency of Spanish football clubs. The study uses a Panel Data methodology (FGLS) to compare the international transparency index for football clubs (INFUT) with the criteria of UEFA’s FFP as a measure of the social and financial performance, respectively, on a sample of 28 Spanish professional teams of first and second division during the periods of 2015, 2016, and 2019. The study reveals that the implementation of TL 19/2013 and UEFA’s FFP has improved the transparency and accountability of clubs. On the one hand, the TL has facilitated access to financial information, and, on the other, the FFP regulations have contributed to improving the balance and financial viability of the clubs. The study also reveals that financial performance directly influences the transparency of clubs.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS’ MIGRATION IN LEADING EUROPEAN LEAGUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Eduard Sobol ◽  
Andrii Svatyev ◽  
Eduard Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Transfer Cost ◽  
European Football ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Generalization Of Data

Introduction. Modern football is characterized by increasing trends in migration and transfer activity in the leading European football leagues and a decrease in the number of students of their own children's and youth academies of the leading football clubs of the European Championships for the period 2009-2019. The aim of the study is to investigate and determine the level of financial support for the migration of qualified players in leading European clubs on the basis of their transfer activities (according to open sources). Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature sources and the Internet, pedagogical observations, content analysis of materials of official websites of football clubs, UEFA and FIFA, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. In the «TOP-20» ranking of leading European football clubs at the end of 2019 in terms of total transfer costs, which determine the migration of qualified players, there is the following distribution: «Barclays Premier League» (England) – 8 football clubs (40%) with transfer costs € 4,726 million (43,40%); «Liga de Futbol Profesional, Primera Division» (Spain) – 4 football clubs (20%) with transfer costs of 2415 million € (22,17%); «Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A TIM» (Italy) – 4 football clubs (20%) with transfer costs of € 1,816 million (16,67%); «Le championnat de France de football» (France) – 2 football clubs (10%) with transfer costs of 1261 million € (11,58%); «Fußball-Bundesliga» (Germany) – 2 football clubs (10%) with a transfer cost of € 673 million (6,18%). Conclusions. Analysis of the structure of profits «TOP-20» ranking of leading European clubs, shows that the average is: about 44% – the sale of rights to telecast competitions, about 40% – advertising revenue and about 16% is the share of revenue from tickets and season tickets. Indicators of financial activity of leading European football clubs are monitored by UEFA and FIFA programs for compliance with the requirements and criteria of financial «Fair Play».

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