Analysis of the cryptocurrency market using different prototype-based clustering techniques

Since the emergence of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies have grown significantly, not only in terms of capitalization but also in number. Consequently, the cryptocurrency market can be a conducive arena for investors, as it offers many opportunities. However, it is difficult to understand. This study aims to describe, summarize, and segment the main trends of the entire cryptocurrency market in 2018, using data analysis tools. Accordingly, we propose a new clustering-based methodology that provides complementary views of the financial behavior of cryptocurrencies, and one that looks for associations between the clustering results, and other factors that are not involved in clustering. Particularly, the methodology involves applying three different partitional clustering algorithms, where each of them use a different representation for cryptocurrencies, namely, yearly mean, and standard deviation of the returns, distribution of returns that have not been applied to financial markets previously, and the time series of returns. Because each representation provides a different outlook of the market, we also examine the integration of the three clustering results, to obtain a fine-grained analysis of the main trends of the market. In conclusion, we analyze the association of the clustering results with other descriptive features of cryptocurrencies, including the age, technological attributes, and financial ratios derived from them. This will help to enhance the profiling of the clusters with additional descriptive insights, and to find associations with other variables. Consequently, this study describes the whole market based on graphical information, and a scalable methodology that can be reproduced by investors who want to understand the main trends in the market quickly, and those that look for cryptocurrencies with different financial performance.In our analysis of the 2018 and 2019 for extended period, we found that the market can be typically segmented in few clusters (five or less), and even considering the intersections, the 6 more populations account for 75% of the market. Regarding the associations between the clusters and descriptive features, we find associations between some clusters with volume, market capitalization, and some financial ratios, which could be explored in future research.

Comparative Analysis of Banking Financial Performance Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic

<p class="Imar-Abstract">Covid-19 struck the Indonesian banking industry in particular ASEAN, through the weaker economic growth, which resulted in a slowdown in credit growth and eventually reduce profitability. This study aimed to analyze the financial performance of banks before and after the occurrence of a covid-19 pandemic and formulate alternative strategies to improve the financial performance of Indonesian banks. The study sample consisted of four banks with saturated sampling method (census) are owned banks (State Bank) listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia. The data in this research is secondary data obtained from the bank's annual report period 2019 until the second quarter of 2020 which is accessed via the IDX website. Performance is measured using the six financial ratios namely ROA, BOPO, NPL, NIM, CAR and LDR with different test analysis method (Paired T-Test). The study found that in the form of financial ratios ROA, BOPO, CAR and LDR pre and post Covid-19 pandemics have significantly different values, while the NPL and NIM did not differ significantly.</p>

Determinants of financial performance in Albanian economic entities, case of construction industry in Albania

Financial performance mainly reflects the overall financial health of the business sector over a period of time. It shows how well an entity is using its resources to maximize shareholder’s wealth. Although a thorough assessment of a firm's financial performance takes into account many other measures, the most common performance measurement used in the area of finance are financial ratios. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the financial performance measurement literature related to the construction sector in Albania. The literature covers studies from Albania, Iran, India and Pakistan, but some international evidence has also been presented. The construction sector is chosen because of its impact on economic growth in Albania, it represents the second main sector according to its share effect on Albanian GDP. The financial ratios used to measure the financial performance of the construction sector are the debt ratio, the liquidity ratio and the profitability ratio from the period 2018-2020 for 100 construction companies in Albania. Return on Assets (ROA) is taken as the predictor variable and three financial ratios are taken as the predictive variables. This research reveals that the financial ratios have positive correlation with the dependent variable whereas the leverage ratio has negative correlation. To overcome the limitations of the forthcoming studies, the considered number of years need to be increased and other models such as Market Value Added, Capital Asset Pricing Model and Economic Value Added can be used to be tested for research to analyze other factors that may affect financial performance.

Analisis Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Farmasi

The research has the objective of analyzing financial ratios to stock prices of pharmaceutical sector companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Accumulated buy events often occur in pharmaceutical company shares, but the issuer's share price remains stagnant. Where shares are bought by many investors, but the price is still maintained. This research was conducted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange of pharmaceutical entities on the IDX. The population in this research is the financial statements of pharmaceutical entities on the IDX for the period 2016-2020 and that meet the sample criteria, there are 10 companies. This research applies financial ratios including the current ratio, debt to equity ratio. The method applied is a multiple regression linear analysis model. The findings of the F test simultaneously current ratio and debt equity ratio have a significant effect on stock prices. The findings of the current ratio t test have a significant impact on stock prices. debt equity ratio has no significant effect on stock prices. Based on the value of R Square 0.180. This figure is 18% of the percentage of variables studied in this research, the remaining 82% is due to other factors that have not been discussed in the research

ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM IN PROCESSING SALES TRANSACTION AT PT. DAIHATSU ASTRA MOTOR SISINGAMANGARAJA

This study aims to examine the sales accounting information system implemented by PT Daihatsu Astra Motor Sisingamangaraja. Then it can be identified whether the information system has been implemented according to the right internal control structure or not and to determine the company's development through financial ratios that are limited to the sales department. This type of research is a case study, which contains exposure or relevant data from the results of research on the object. Qualitative methods are used in flowchart analysis and quantitative methods are used to calculate financial ratios that are limited to sales. Primary data is data that comes from the original source and is collected specifically for the purposes of the research being conducted. Secondary data is data produced by companies such as financial statements and accounting records. Data collection methods are interviews and direct observation. The results of this study are overall PT Daihatsu Astra Motor Sisingamangaraja has carried out car sales activities, spare parts / spare parts and service services with an accounting information system in accordance with the components of the internal control structure model. The majority of transactions that occurred at PT Daihatsu Astra Motor Sisingamangaraja actually decreased, this was due to the author's limitations in obtaining related financial statement information. Thus, it can be concluded that the accounting information system applied by the company is mostly appropriate and effective because it is appropriate so that it can support internal sales control.

PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN MINYAK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2014-2018)

Stock price fluctuations are natural and almost occur in all companies in various sectors, including companies in the oil mining sector so that price changes affect the company's financial performance and stock prices which can be analyzed fundamentally using financial ratios to aspects in the financial statements. The framework of this research is to analyze the effect of financial ratios on stock prices. The population and sample used are oil mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2018. The sampling method used is purposive sampling or judgmental sampling. Sources of data used are secondary data in the form of financial statements. The tool used for data collection is through the method of observation and analysis of the company's financial statements. The results showed, based on the t test value, stock prices were positively influenced by Return on Equity (ROE), Book Value (BV) and Price to Book Value (PBV), while negatively influenced by Debt To Equity Ratio (DER) and Net Profit. Margins (NPM). Based on the F test value, stock prices are positively influenced by ROE, DER, NPM, Earnings Per Share (EPS), BV, and PBV. Based on the coefficient of determination test (R2), stock prices are strongly influenced by ROE, DER, NPM, BV, and PBV by 91.5% and influenced by other variables by 8.5%.

The Effect of Auditors' Use of Analytical Procedures in the Light of ISA 520 on Audit Quality: Evidence from Jordan

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of auditors' use of analytical procedures in the light of audit standard 520 (ISA 520) on the audit quality from the point of view of external auditors in Jordan. Moreover, the study sought to make valuable recommendations to develop audit methods and address weaknesses to take advantage of financial analysis methods. To achieve the objectives of the study, questionnaire was developed included (35) questions distributed to a sample of auditors practitioners of the audit profession and numbered (64) auditors, have been recovered, (60) of them were collected, and all of them, were used in analysis; One sample t-test was used to test the hypotheses of the study. the researcher found: There is a statistically significant impact of auditors' use of analytical procedures on the quality of audit for both: the auditor 's use of financial ratios and the comparing financial ratios and extracted information with predetermined standards (financial analysis standards), also there are no statistically significant differences on the impact of auditors' use of analytical procedures on the quality of audit attributable to personal variables (educational qualification, specialization, duration of service). Finally, researchers Finally, the researcher made some recommendations to develop the audit process, the most important of them: The supervisory authorities shall ensure that Audit offices and auditors should comply with international auditing standards in general and in the field of analytical procedures based on the International Auditing Standard (520), as well as Standard No. (220) on Quality Auditing in particular. and professional standards and meet the wishes of users of financial statements to achieve quality control and be subject to peer review.

Determinants of profitability in Chinese companies

Purpose This study is conducted to determine the factors that affect profitability in Chinese listed companies (by using financial ratios). Four independent variables liquidity, intangible assets, working capital and company leverage were empirically tested for their relationships with profitability besides two control variables which are firm size and company efficiency.Design/methodology/approach This study used secondary data extracted manually from the annual reports of non-financial Chinese listed companies on the Shanghai stock exchange (http://www.szse.cn/); the data set covers 100 companies during the period of 2017–2019, and a random selection method was used in order to achieve credibility and fairness as much as possible.Findings The findings show firm size, working capital and intangible assets have positive and significant relationships with profitability [return on assets (ROA) and earnings per share (EPS)]. Positive working capital is important to lower the cost of capital and improve companies' profitability. Intangible assets are also an essential source to improve profitability due to their low costs. In addition, the findings display a negative and strong relationship between liquidity and profitability, meaning that companies suffer low profit due to inefficient use of liquid items. Interestingly, leverage, which is measured by debt ratio and leverage ratio, shows mixed results; debt ratio shows a positive and strong association with ROA but not with EPS; while leverage ratio displays a strong but negative association with ROA but not with EPS. These results confirm the inverted U-shape relationship between leverage and profitability, which depends on the balance between benefit and cost of debt.Social implications Profitability is also important for employees and society where business organization provides sustainability and stability for both of them. Employees can then significantly contribute to achieve higher firm's profitability by efficiently using firm's resources.Originality/value This study differs than previous studies in number of aspects: First, this study focuses on financial ratios to explain profitability in Chinese companies. This study provides empirical results about the factors connected to profitability and help stakeholders to make their right decisions. Second, it examines the impact of four independent factors and two control variables that some of them are new in Chinese context such as intangible assets. Third previous studies focus on financial industry such as banks; however, this study focuses on non-financial industry.

Analisa Kinerja Keuangan Bank BUMN dan Bank Swasta Berdasarkan Rasio Keuangan

This final project discusses the comparison of the financial performance of state-owned banks and private banks based on financial ratios in the 2015-2019 period. The financial ratios used consist of CAR, NPL, NIM, BOPO, ROA, ROE, and LDR. The data used in this study were obtained from published financial reports for 2015 to 2019 published by the respective banks. After passing the purposive sample stage, 4 state-owned banks and 9 private banks were obtained as samples in this study. The results of this study explain that there are differences in the financial performance of state-owned banks and private banks as measured by financial ratios. State-owned banks have better performance in terms of ROE, ROA, CAR ratios, while private banks have better performance in terms of NPL, BOPO, LDR ratios.