Barreras, facilitadores y estrategias que influyen en la participación femenina en juntas directivas de federaciones deportivas chilenas (Barriers, facilitators and strategies that influence women's participation on boards of directors of Chilean sports

La brecha de género sobre la participación femenina en puestos de toma de decisiones está evidenciada en las organizaciones deportivas. Las juntas directivas de las Federaciones Deportivas chilenas no están ajenas a esta situación. Por ello, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar barreras, facilitadores y estrategias que influyen en la participación y desarrollo de las mujeres en cargos directivos en las Federaciones Deportivas de Chile. El método fue de tipo cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo y, la técnica fue la entrevista personal mediante aplicación de un guion semi-estructurado de preguntas. Durante octubre y noviembre de 2020 se desarrollaron entrevistas virtuales a mujeres que formaban parte de juntas directivas de federaciones deportivas. El análisis se realizó mediante categorías de análisis y codificaciones empleando el software Atlas. Ti. Las barreras identificadas se asocian a situaciones familiares tales como el cuidado de miembros de la familia. También se reconoce la existencia de prejuicios asociados a estereotipos de género en las funciones que se desempeñan; subestimación de las opiniones femeninas y desarrollo de los cargos en ambientes masculinizados que invisibilizan a las mujeres. Como agentes facilitadores se identifica el soporte familiar; el tener una profesión, experiencia laboral y capacitación en gestión deportiva, junto con algunos aspectos de la personalidad de las dirigentes. Como estrategias se releva la necesidad de un cambio cultural al interior de las federaciones en torno a la participación femenina, implementar cuotas de participación por género y desarrollar programas de capacitación en liderazgo para las mujeres. Abstract. The gender gap in female participation in decision-making positions is evident in sports organizations. The boards of directors of Chilean sports federations are no strangers to this situation. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine barriers, facilitators and strategies that influence the participation and development of women in managerial positions in Chilean Sports Federations. The method was qualitative with a descriptive approach and the technique was the personal interview through the application of a semi-structured script of questions. During October and November 2020, virtual interviews were conducted with women who were members of the boards of directors of sports federations. The analysis was carried out through categories of analysis and coding using Atlas. Ti. The barriers identified are associated with family situations such as caring for family members. The existence of prejudices associated with gender stereotypes in the functions performed, underestimation of women's opinions and the development of positions in masculinized environments that make women invisible are also recognized. Family support is identified as facilitating agents, having a profession, work experience and training in sports management, together with some aspects of the leaders' personalities. As strategies, the need for a cultural change within the federations regarding women's participation, the implementation of participation quotas by gender and the development of leadership training programs for women were identified.

Designing Strategies for the Development of Health and Physical Activities of Women in Iran

: The current study aimed to design strategies to develop women’s health and physical activities in Iran. This study was drafted in the descriptive-correlational framework following an applied objective. The population of the study in the qualitative section consisted of 10 professors of sports management and sociology and in the quantitative section consisted of 160 experts (e.g., female sports managers and experts, women’s sports activists, and professors of sports management) selected through a purposive and comprehensive sampling method. Data collection was performed through a 20-items questionnaire drafted to examine the four fundamental factors of the study (e.g., management, social, economic, and cultural factors). The content validity and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by 10 university faculty members. The structural equation modeling in PLS software (version 3) was used to analyze the statistical data. The findings of the study indicated that among the study variables, the variable of management in the development of health and physical activities, with a correlation level of 75% and at a value of 5.696, was considered the most effective variable. Furthermore, among the essential elements of the study, in the cultural factor, the effect of the social values and beliefs in the participation of women in sports activities was reportedly at a correlation rate of 87%. In the management factor, the assignment of management roles to women in sports was at a correlation rate of 85%. In the economic factor, the element of budget allocation to women’s sports was at a correlation rate of 73%. In the social factor, the impact of the Ministry of Health and Education and the Ministry of Sports and Youth in creating sports events for the development of women’s health in the various provinces of Iran was at a correlation rate of 92%. All of the aforementioned items were among the most contributing factors in the essential elements of the study. In conclusion, it can be stated that the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the Federations of Public Sports succeeded to initiate programs in the development of Iranian women’s health and sports by employing a comprehensive plan that included allocating budget, highlighting the role of women in the sports management positions, and cooperating with different agencies and organizations.

Epistemological Landmarks of the Specialists Managerial-Legislative Training in the Field of Physical Culture

Radical changes that take place in all society spheres (economic, social, political and cultural) of a state, directly and indirectly affect the development and functioning of the socio-economic system of physical culture and sports. A new category of human resources employed in the field of sports management is emerging, given that sports organizations are interested in forming a management system that ensures high performance, development opportunities and a stable market position. In the last decade, the system of physical culture and sports management has undergone substantial changes, as a result of the emergence of new sports events, the development of sports movement, the creation of innovative services and the production of special equipment / installations in accordance with the legislation in force, as well as due to modern trends in entrepreneurial activity in market conditions. The fulfillment of the management functions in these conditions, at a higher level, generator of performance and success can be ensured only by qualified persons who have received a special professional training (including additional, continuous training) and requalification. This training is necessary for all activities specific to the field of physical education and sports management, for the development and proper functioning of sports organizations. Management and marketing activities, innovative for physical culture and the national sports movement, require special knowledge, skills and an effective professional training of the specialists in the field.

Assessment of the perception of quality in mexican municipal sports services

The objective of the present investigation was to assess the perception quality of municipal sports services of the city of Allende, Nuevo León, Mexico. For the analysis of the data the statistical software SPSS v.24 was used. The instrument used was SERVQUAL, adapted to the Mexican sports context, which consists of 22 items grouped into 5 dimensions (tangible, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and safety). The sample of this study was 100 subjects, in a range of 16 to 60 years, of which 57 (51.6%) belong to the male gender and 43 (48.4%) to the female gender. The descriptive and correlation analyzes of the sample were carried out. Among the results obtained, the study presents acceptable quality values for said municipal complex. In conclusion, the evaluation, monitoring of the objectives and indicators of the municipal sports services are of vital importance to perform an adequate follow-up of the expectations, perception and satisfaction of its users, which will make municipal sports management more efficient.

Examination of communication skills of physical education and sports teacher candidate students: Example of faculty of sports sciences

This study aimed to examine the communication skills of students who are studying in the physical education teaching department of the faculties of sports sciences and physical education and sports teacher candidates participating and pedagogical formation certificate program, according to demographic variables. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 377 students, 145 women and 232 men, who continue their education in the physical education teaching, coaching education, and sports management departments of the faculties of sports sciences in the 2019-2020 academic year. Personal information form and the “Communication Skills Scale” that is developed by Korkut Owen and Bugay (2014) were used as data collection tools. Since the data did not show a normal distribution, non-parametric tests were analyzed and descriptive statistics were used. According to the findings obtained, it was observed that the communication skills of the students were high in the sub-dimensions of “communication principles basic skills”, “self-expression”, “active listening and non-verbal communication" and close to high in the “willingness to communicate” sub-dimension. It was determined that the communication skills of the students differed according to their gender and grade levels, and did not differ according to their participation in the departments and pedagogical formation certificate program. As a result, it can be stated that the communication skills of the students studying in the faculties of sports sciences and participating in the pedagogical formation certificate program are generally high, and there is no difference between the students studying in the physical education department and the students participating in the pedagogical formation certificate program. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu çalışma, spor bilimleri fakültelerinin beden eğitimi öğretmenliği bölümü ve pedagojik formasyon sertifika programına katılan beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni adayı olan öğrencilerin demografik değişkenlere göre iletişim becerilerinin incelenmesini amaçlamıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, 2019-2020 eğitim ve öğretim yılında spor bilimleri fakültelerinin beden eğitimi öğretmenliği, antrenörlük eğitimi ve spor yöneticiliği bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 145 kadın, 232 erkek olmak üzere toplam 377 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ve Korkut Owen ve Bugay (2014) tarafından geliştirilen “İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler, normal dağılım göstermediğinden non-parametrik testlerle analiz edilmiştir ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinin; “iletişim ilkeleri temel beceriler”, “kendini ifade etme”, “etkin dinleme-sözel olmayan iletişim” alt boyutlarında yüksek; “iletişim kurmaya isteklilik” alt boyutunda ise yükseğe yakın oldukları görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinin cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeylerine göre farklılaştığı; bölüm ve pedagojik formasyon sertifika programına katılma durumlarına göre farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; spor bilimleri fakültelerinde öğrenim gören ve pedagojik formasyon sertifika programına katılan öğrencilerin iletişim becerilerinin genel olarak yüksek, beden eğitimi bölümünde eğitim alan öğrenciler ile pedagojik formasyon sertifika programına katılan öğrenciler arasında farklılık olmadığı ifade edilebilir.

Investigation of Social Appearance Anxiety Levels of Physical Education and Teaching, Coaching Education and Sports Management Department Students in Terms of Different Variables

This research was carried out in order to determine the anxiety levels of the students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences, who are studying at Mehmet Akif Ersoy University in the province of Burdur, in the Republic of Turkey, according to their departments, due to their social appearance.The population of the research is Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, a higher education institution in Burdur, and the sample is a total of 201 university students, 57 female and 144 male, studying in the “Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Sports Management and Coaching Education” departments of the sports sciences faculty of this university has created. The “Social Physics Anxiety Inventory” scale, which was developed by Hart et al. (1989) and was adapted to Turkey by Mülazımoğlu, Ballı, and Aşçı (2006), consisting of 12 items and two sub-scales, was developed by Hart et al. (1989) in order to measure students’ anxiety levels towards their social appearance (Doğan, 2010; Mülazımoğlu-Ballı & Aşçı, 2004). Only the 7-item part, which is suitable for the characteristics of the Turkish people, was used. Appropriate SPSS program was used for the analysis of the data obtained in the research. In addition, before starting the research, the students filled out a “Voluntary Consent Form” to declare that they participated in the research voluntarily. “Pearson Correlation” test to examine the relationship between variables, the “Independent Samples” test to detect the effects of variables on each other, and the one-way analysis of variance test (One-Way ANOVA) to detect the difference between groups, and multiplexes to find between which groups this difference is “Bonferroni” test which is one of the comparison tests (Post Hoc) was applied. Significant differences were taken as p < 0.01 and p < 0.05.As a result of the research, it has been determined that there are positive and negative significant differences in the anxiety levels of 51 female and 144 male students studying at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Sports Management and Coaching Education departments. Regarding the evaluation of these determinations, it can be said that female students are more sensitive than male students in terms of social appearance.

Influence of stakeholders' perception on value creation and measurement: the case of football clubs

PurposeThe presented study aims to identify and classify the value factors that influence the value of football clubs from the stakeholder perspective, while also discussing how these factors can affect the choice of valuation methods. The paper considers how value should be measured from the perspective of stakeholders. Research focuses on clubs embedded deeply in a wide interrelated network of stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachA mixed research approach was established in order to obtain a more holistic understanding of value creation, value factors and measurement. The research builds on observational study with a mix of retrospective longitudinal study of Polish men's football clubs and interviews with stakeholders, which are then triangulated as part of a critical discussion on valuation methods.FindingsThe results show the most significant value factors determined by the stakeholders. The study discusses which performance and value measures should be used to measure value for the stakeholders of football clubs. Intellectual capital methods and asset-based methods should definitely be relied on as part of measuring the performance of football clubs within the stakeholders' network. All findings suggest the use of the multivariate valuation method in accordance with previous research.Originality/valueThe classified key value factors enable the management of football clubs to properly manage stakeholder relationships and address various stakeholders' concerns in a sustainable way. The paper proposes a research process, which may also be implemented in other studies in the non-profit sector and contributes to the literature in the fields of sports management.

Analysis of Sports Event Management Teaching from the Perspective of Multimedia considering Multiobjective Teaching Optimization Algorithm

At present, the combination of multimedia technology and physical education has been extensively applied, and the reform of sports event management has also attracted the attention of researchers. Reform and innovation have been carried out on the effective utilization of physical education resources and the image display of sports actions with great difficulties in the process of teaching and cross school and class synchronous learning, which has not only enriched the approaches and methods of sports management and teaching but also achieved certain effects.

Longitudinal review of communication skills and empathic tendency levels among the students of the department of sports management

This study aims to review communication skills and empathic tendency levels of the students who studied at the department of sports management in a longitudinal manner. The study was designed in a longitudinal survey model of quantitative study methods. The study group consisted of 122 students (52 female students, 70 male students) who attended the first grade of Sarıkamış Department of Sports Management, School of Physical Education and Sports, Kars Kafkas University in Turkey during the 2016-2017 academic year. To detect the differences, data collection tools were employed four times for the same students during the first grade of 2016-2017 academic year, the second grade of 2017-2018 academic year, the third grade of 2018-2019 academic year and the fourth grade of 2019-2020 academic year. As data collection tools, “The Communication Skills Scale” (CSS) developed by Korkut (1996) and Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) developed by Dökmen (1988) were used. The data were analyzed by using the Bonferroni post-hoc comparison test, independent t-test, analysis of one-way variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients. The result found that both students’ communication skills and emphatic tendency levels were high, their 3rd grade communication skill scores were higher in terms of grade/time variable, their emphatic skill scores were higher in the 3rd and 4th grades, their scores of communication skills and emphatic tendency did not differ in terms of age and gender variables and a positive correlation existed between communication skills and emphatic tendency at all levels.

Management of Loyalty and Its Main Antecedents in Sport Organizations: A Systematic Analysis Review

Sports management is booming, thanks to society’s growing interest in sports in general. This work provides an exhaustive review of the scientific literature of one of the variables most coveted by managers: loyalty. Antecedents positively related to loyalty are also conceptualized in this paper. The scientific literature search was limited to the last 15years to achieve a better fit with today’s context. The Web of Science database was the main search method used, along with other, secondary resources, for a total of 328 scientific articles obtained as a base for this review. The results of this study bring together the most representative data in a systematic review of the loyalty variable in the field of sports management: the antecedents of loyalty, the terms with the greatest presence in the theory, the most representative authors and sources of this topic, and so on. One of the most significant results obtained from the review of these 300 bibliographical references is that the factors to be borne in mind for marketing strategies in sports organizations are satisfaction, commitment, trust, and service quality. The literature reflects that these variables, present in studies on loyalty in general, can also be found in the literature on sports management – in particular, satisfaction and service quality. However, few papers include all these antecedents at once, making this an interesting field for future research.