scholarly journals The Choice of Dry Eye Therapy Depending on Ocular Surface Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
S. V. Yanchenko ◽  
A. V. Malyshev ◽  
S. N. Sakhnov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Deficiency Group ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: to develop approaches to differentiated substitution therapy in patients with dry eye (DE) of mild and moderate severity.Patients and methods. We examined 86 DE patients (22–45 years old; 38 men, 48 women). Group-1 included 54 patients (54 eyes) with mild DE under conditions of combined lipid-mucose-deficiency, group-2 32 patients (32 eyes) with moderate DE against the background of combined lipid-aqua-mucose-deficiency. Conducted: DE symptoms registration (OSDI scale); Norn and Shirmer-1 tests; OCT meniscometry; assessment of the Bijsterveld xerosis index and ‘lid-vipers’ symptom identification; Norn’s compression test. To assessment the therapy effectiveness, patients in both groups were divided into subgroups. Patients of subgroup 1.1 (18 eyes) carried out ‘fat-water’ type emulsion instillations, subgroup 1.2 (18 eyes) — 0.15 % sodium hyaluronate instillation (Hylabak®), subgroup 1.3 (18 eyes) — 3.0 % trehalose (Thealoz®) — 1–2 drops, 4 times a day. All persons included in group-1 were additionally recommended to apply 5.0 % dexpanthenol gel at night. Patients of subgroup 2.1 (16 eyes) received 0.15 % sodium hyaluronate instillation (Hylabak®), patients of subgroup 2.2 (16 eyes) 0.15 % sodium hyaluronate (Hylabak®) and 3.0 % trehalose (Thealoz®) instillation — 4 times a day. All patients included in group-2 were additionally recommended to apply ointment with vitamin A at night. The main criterion for the therapy effectiveness was the tear film brake up time (TBUT, s) two months after the start treatment. Statistical processing included: calculation the mean and its standard deviation (M ± s); assessment of the significance of differences (Wilcoxon’s t-test, KruskalWallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test).Results. In group-1 patients the following TBUT dynamics was recorded: in subgroup 1.1 — from 5.4 ± 0.5 to 6.2 ± 0.6 s (p < 0.05); in subgroup 1.2 — from 5.2 ± 0.4 to 6.6 ± 0.6 s (p < 0.05); in subgroup 1.3 — from 5.3 ± 0.5 to 7.1 ± 0.7 s (p < 0.05). The most pronounced TBUT increase was noted in subgroup 1.3 (trehalose instillation). In group-2, the increase in TBUT was: in subgroup 2.1 — from 3.5 ± 0.3 to 4.7 ± 0.3 s (p < 0.05); in subgroup 2.2 — from 3.4 ± 0.2 to 5.2 ± 0.4 s (p < 0.05). A significantly more pronounced TBUT increase was noted in subgroup 2.2 (sodium hyaluronate and trehalose instillation).Conclusion. In our opinion, differentiated approaches to DE replacement therapy may be included: for mild DE in conditions of lipid-mucose-deficiency — instillation of bioprotector based on 3.0 % trehalose (Thealose®); in case of moderate DE against the background of lipid-aqua-mucose-deficiency — 0.15 % sodium hyaluronate (Hylabak®) instillation in combination with a bioprotector based on 3.0 % trehalose (Thealoz®). 

scholarly journals Dry eye treatment optimization in patients prior to refractive surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sakhnov ◽  
S. V. Yanchenko ◽  
A. V. Malyshev ◽  
Z. M. Blyagoz ◽  
G. A. Klimenova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Refractive Surgery ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Reparative Therapy ◽  
Eyelid Margin ◽  
Significant Correction ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of dry eye syndrome (DES) treatment in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) before refractive surgery.Materials and methods. We examined 48 women (aged 29.6 ± 3.9 years) with myopia, DES, and MGD of noninfectious etiology before performing LASIK. Group 1 of these patients received presurgical correction of DES for 2 months, including instillation of 3 % trehalose as a bioprotector (Thealoz®; 3–4 times a day); application of 5 % dexpanthenol in the conjunctival cavity (before going to bed); eyelid hygiene (2 times per day), which included cleaning (Theagel®), warm compresses on eyelid area, massage of eyelid margin (Blephaclean wipes). Group 2 only received bioprotective and reparative therapy for 2 months. Testing included a standard ophthalmological examination; assessment of DES symptoms (OSDI scale, points); BUT test (sec) and Schirmer-1 test (Sh-1, mm); measuring the height of the lower tear meniscus (optical coherence tomography, μm); lissamine green staining with calculation of xerosis index by Bijsterveld (points); assessment of MGD severity (points). Processing of the results included calculation of M ± s; Wilcoxon t-test, Mann Whitney U-test.Results. A positive change of OSDI (decrease from 31.9 ± 2.9 to 8.71 ± 1.1 points), xerosis index (decrease from 4.71 ± 0.5 to 2.1 ± 0.3 points) and BUT test (increase from 4.14 ± 0.53 to 8.66 ± 0.93 sec) was significantly stronger in patients of group 1 (p < 0.05) in comparison with patients of group 2 (decrease in OSDI from 33.2 ± 3.1 to 15.6 ± 2.4 points; decrease of xerosis index from 4.75 ± 0.50 to 3.7 ± 0.5 points; BUT increase from 4.21 ± 0.47 to 6.05 ± 0.73 sec). Apparently, this was caused by a significant decrease in the severity of MGD (from 2.1 ± 0.3 to 0.9 ± 0.2 points) and a decrease in the severity of lipid deficiency due to eyelid hygiene in patients of group 1. In group 2, MGD severity change proved unreliable. Change of Sh-1 and the height of the lower tear meniscus was unreliable in all cases. Conclusion. The inclusion of eyelid hygiene (Theagel and Blephaclean) in the pre-surgery preparation of patients with DES and MGD leads to a more significant correction of eye surface condition compared to isolated bioprotective and reparative therapy, thus providing an opportunity of more favorable conditions for carrying out surgical correction of ametropia. 

Dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation in sarcoidosis patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110065
Author(s):  
Pelin Kiyat ◽  
Melis Palamar ◽  
Bengu Gerceker Turk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To analyze the relation between Meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye, and sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods: Twenty eyes of 10 sarcoidosis patients (Group 1) and 20 left eyes of 20 age-sex matched healthy volunteers (Group 2) were included. Presence of dry eye was evaluated with Schirmer 1 test, tear film break-up time (T-BUT), Oxford scale scoring, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score assessments. A slit-lamp biomicroscope infrared filter (Topcon, SL-D701, IJssel, The Netherlands) was used to evaluate Meibomian glands. The drop-out ratio according to meibography was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 (no loss) through grade 3 (lost area >2/3 of the total Meibomian gland area). Results: Among dry eye tests mean Schirmer 1 and T-BUT values were lower and OSDI score was higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and the differences were statistically significant ( p = 0.017, p = 0.039, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, the upper, lower and total meiboscores were statistically significantly higher in Group 1 ( p = 0.047, p = 0.003, p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: A significantly higher presence of dry eye and Meibomian gland drop out ratios was detected in sarcoidosis patients. It is important to monitor sarcoidosis patients for dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction and when detected, to treat adequately to prevent ocular surface damage.

scholarly journals Effect of Pterygium Surgery on Tear Osmolarity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Türkyılmaz ◽  
Veysi Öner ◽  
Mehmet Şahin Sevim ◽  
Ali Kurt ◽  
Berrak Şekeryapan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Pterygium Surgery ◽  
Pterygium Excision ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tear Film Function ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Primary Pterygium

Purpose. To investigate changes of dry eye test results in patients who underwent pterygium surgery.Methods. Seventy-four patients who underwent primary pterygium surgery were enrolled in this study. At the baseline, 3-, 12-, and 18-month visits, measurements of tear osmolarity, BUT, and Schirmer test were performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium did not recur, and Group 2, which consisted of patients in whom pterygium recurred after surgery.Results. The patients in Group 1 had lower tear osmolarity levels after surgery than those at baseline (allP<0.001). In Group 2 the tear osmolarity levels did not differ from baseline after 18 months (P=0.057). The prevalence rates of dry eye syndrome (DES) were lower than that at baseline and 18 months after surgery in Group 1 (P=0.002). In Group 2, the incidence of DES was lower after 3 months than at baseline (P=0.03) but was similar to the baseline rate after 12 and 18 months (bothP>0.05).Conclusions. Anormal tear film function associated with pterygium. Pterygium excision improved tear osmolarity and tear film function. However, tear osmolarity deteriorated again with the recurrence of pterygium.

Features of postoperative period in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: phlebectomy versus thermal ablation

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
E. Burleva ◽  
O. Smirnov ◽  
S. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the course of the postoperative period after phlebectomy and thermal ablation in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities in the system of the great saphenous vein (GSV) with class C2 of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) — CEAP class C2. Materials and methods: 455 patients (455 limbs) with CEAP class C2. Group 1 (n = 154) received stripping + minimally invasive phlebectomy; Group 2 — endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of GSV trunk + sclerotherapy of varicose veins; 3 group (n = 150) — radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the GSV + sclerotherapy. All patients were united by a single tactical solution — the elimination of pathological vertical reflux in GSV. In each group, patients were with similar hemodynamic profile were selected (Group 1 = 63; Group 2 = 61; Group 3 = 61). The course of the postoperative period (from 2 days to 2 months) was compared for pain (visual analog scale — VAS), clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, degree of satisfaction (Darvall questionnaire), and duration of disability. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel programs for Windows XP, MedCalc® (version 11.4.2.0., Mariakerke, Belgium). Results: Postoperative pain is more pronounced (during day 1 for Group 1–4.0, Group 2–3.0, Group 3–2.0) and more prolonged (up to 4 days) after open surgeries (p < 0.05). The dynamics of the clinical symptoms of CVI (including varicose syndrome and use of compression therapy) could not be fully evaluated in connection with the ongoing sclerotherapy procedures for patients of Groups 2 and 3. Satisfaction of patients with aesthetic aspects was higher than expected in all groups. Reliable statistical differences proved decrease in days of disability (Group 1–14; Group 2–4; Group 3–3) and earlier return to physical activities and work in patients after thermal ablation in comparison with phlebectomy. Conclusion: The study shows that all three methods for eliminating vertical reflux in the GSV can be proposed for a large category of patients with CEAP of class C3 and C2. Medical and social rehabilitation of patients using endovascular thermal ablation technologies proceeds faster, which is beneficial both for the patients and for society.

Relationship of Symptomatology with Closed Chamber Infrared Thermometry and Humidity in Dry Eyes

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
H. Singh Bhinder
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Infrared Thermometry ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Group 1

Purpose To evaluate the relationship of symptoms of dry eye with closed chamber infrared thermometry and humidity measurements. Methods The authors studied 54 patients (108 eyes) with dry eye disorders of different grades of clinical severity (mean age 35.75±14.37 years), 31 cases (62 eyes) with normal eyes (mean age 33.68±14.42 years), and 10 cases (20 eyes) with epidemic conjunctivitis (mean age 33.68±14.42 years). The symptoms and the clinical tests (Schirmer-1 test, fluorescein tear break up time, Lissamine green stain; closed chamber infrared thermometry and humidity) were used to establish the diagnosis of dry eyes. The closed chamber humidity difference was used to classify the groups of dry eye. Results The authors noted no temperature difference from closed to open eye position in dry eyes as compared to 0.10±0.00 °C difference in normal eyes and epidemic conjunctivitis. Four groups of cases were identified by difference in values of humidity: Group 1 = <0.9 relative humidity (RH)% to 1 RH%; Group 2 = >1 RH% to 1.5 RH%; Group 3 = >1.5 RH% to 2 RH %; and Group 4 = >2 RH%. The symptomatology was measured in the eyes using Oxford scale (0–4) and correlated with the humidity groups. The grading of symptoms with the humidity showed a statistically significant relationship (p<0.0001) in each group. The severity of the symptoms showed an increase in frequency and severity from Group 1 to Group 4, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The mean sum total of global symptomatology score was statistically significant (p<0.0001): 3.43±0.31 in Group 1, 4.65±0.42 in Group 2, 8.56±0.78 in Group 3, and 13.35±1.21 in Group 4. However, total symptomatology score in epidemic conjunctivitis did not show a statistically significant value (p=0.20). Conclusions The closed chamber humidity and thermometry measurements showed statistical correlation in all four groups of dry eyes to total mean symptomatology score (p<0.001) and showed an increase in value with increasing severity of symptoms. However, all individual symptoms fail to show any conclusive relationship.

scholarly journals Evaluation of protection against desiccation with different artificial tears containing 0.1%-0.3% hyaluronic acid in experimental dry eye model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ahmed ◽  
Frank Tost ◽  
Rico Großjohann ◽  
Carmen Wolke ◽  
Uwe Lendeckel
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Film Instability

Abstract Background: Tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, apoptosis and neuro-sensory abnormalities are causes of dry eye. Lubricant target tear film instability, the most effective agent for tear film stabilization being Sodium Hyaluronate 0.1 -0.3%. Sodium Hyaluronate is suggested to be protective for epithelium in dry eye. To test this hypothesis, this study was performed in vitro with commercially available solutions containing hyaluronic acid (HA) in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.3%. To evaluate the desiccation protection capability of different Sodium Hyaluronate 0.1 to 0.3%, we employed a reproducible in vitro cell culture system. Methods: Conjunctival (Chang 1-5c-4) and corneal cells (pRSV-T 2.040) were cultivated under standard conditions. Under confluent cell growth cells, conjunctival epithelial cell line Chang 1-5c-4 and the corneal cell line 2.040 pRSV-T were wetted for 20 min with five commercial ophthalmic solutions and one agent in trial phase (sample 1: 0.1% HA; sample 2: 0.3% HA; sample 3: 0.15% HA, 2% dexpanthenol, sodium chloride; sample 4: 0.1% HA; sample 5: 0.2% HA; sample 6: unknown, PBS as negative control, unsupplemented medium as positive control). After 20 minutes cells were exposed to continuous air flow for 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes. Assessment of viable cells was performed by alamarBlue® assay and LIVE/DEAD® Viability/ Cytotoxicity Kit. Results: It has been shown that both cell lines showed different response to protection by the tested solutions. Greatest protection was observed at 15 minutes with most agents. Best results in protection from desiccation was assessed with sample 2 even at maximum exposure time at 45 minutes. Sample 2 showed an average survival rate of 91% at 45 minutes exposure time, whereas no significant amount of vital cells were detected after application with sample 6. Sample 6 was the only substance that presented with early significant cell loss at 0 and 15 minutes by 35%. Conclusions: Higher concentration of Hyaluronate acid with 0.3% and an ionic composition close to the normal tearfluid seem to provide the best protective effect against desiccation in experimental dry eye.

scholarly journals New possibilities of complex ttreatment of cervical ectropion

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
N. F. Khvorostukhina ◽  
D. A. Novichkov ◽  
N. N. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Zone ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Cytological Picture ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Ectropion of the cervix (EC) is a condition when there is a cicatricial deformity of the uterine cervix (as a result of traumatic injuries) with visualization of the ectopic columnar epithelium on the vaginal part of it. The ectopia is currently classified as a variant of the normal histophysiological state of the cervix. This article discusses the features of the course and methods of treatment of complicated EC.Objective of the study is: to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a new method of complex treatment of CE.Material and methods. In an open prospective study, 133 patients with CE (groups 1 and 2) and 56 healthy women (group 3) has taken part. In group 1 (n = 83), we have used a method for treating CE developed by us, which included two stages: stage I – elimination of microbial and viral pathogen in combination with immunomodulatory therapy, II – electrosurgical treatment (Leep biopsy) and treatment of the cervix with Galavit (100 mg of dry matter) dissolved in 5 ml of Miramistin (Patent for invention RU 2568768 C1). In group 2 (n = 50), surgical treatment of CE has been preceded by vaginal sanitation, empirical antibacterial and antiviral therapy. Diagnostic measures, in addition to standards, have included: determination of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in the discharge of the cervical canal, ultrasound diagnostics with Doppler measurements in the vessels of the central zone of the cervix. Statistica 7.0, SPSS 17 packages have been used for statistical processing.Results and discussion. Before the start of treatment, patients in groups 1 and 2 have been found to have a combination of CE with cervicitis (100%), ASCUS cytological picture (more than 60%), abnormal colposcopic signs (100%), imbalance of the local immune system with a predominance of Th1 cytokines (the content of IL-8 increased 2.6 times; IL-1b – 13 times; IL-6 – 20 times, and IL-10 – in 1.7 times) against the background of increased vascularization and cervical perfusion. The reparative process after Leep biopsy in group 1 has ended by the end of 3 weeks in 65.6% of patients, in group 2 – in 25.5%, after 5 weeks – in 100% and 57.4%, respectively, after 8 – in group 2, 91.5%. The average period of epithelialization of a wound on the cervix in group 1 was 27.4 ± 4.3 days, in group 2 – 39.5 ± 5.6 days (p = 0.01). After 2 years, the recurrence of cervical pathology has been recorded only in group 2 (34.0%).Conclusion. The use of the developed method of two-stage complex therapy for CE increases the effectiveness of treatment, prevents complications after Leep biopsy, accelerates epithelialization by 30.6% and avoids recurrence of the disease.

scholarly journals ‘Comparison of Safety and Performance of Two Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices in Cataract Surgery’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
öznur işcan ◽  
Banu Torun Acar ◽  
Burcu Nurozler Tarakcı
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose: To compare the safety and performance of two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) Bio-Hyalur SV (Sodium Hyaluronate 3.0%) (Biotech Healthcare Group, Luzern, Switzerland) and Protectalon (sodium hyaluronate 2.0%) (VSY Biotechnology, Turkey) in cataract surgery. Methods: One hundred twenty eyes of one hundred twenty patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery were included in the study. Postoperatively sixty eyes using Bio-Hyalur-SV were classified as Group 1, and sixty eyes using Protectalon as Group 2. Patients aged 45 and over, Grade I, II or III unilateral / double stained cataract, healthy eyes creating cataract inclueded in this study . Endothelial cell morphological parameters including endothelial cell density (ECD), cell number, cell area, coefficient of variation (CV) in cell size, cell hexagonality and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured preoperatively and at postoperative first week, first and third month visits.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with an applanation tonometer at every visit. Results: . There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ECD all follow-up times when compared with the preoperative visit (p=0.000). In terms of mean ECD levels there was no significant difference between the two groups within three months postoperatively (p=0.616) In the first week after surgery, there was an significant increase in CCT in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p=0.000). The IOP was <23 mmHg in all of the patients on the first day after surgery. There was no significant difference in the incidence of IOP peaks between the two groups in every vizits. In both groups, a significant increase was observed in the mean IOP at first day, first week, and first month after surgery compared to preoperative values (p=0.000). But no significant difference in IOP increase in Group 1 (P=0.092), Group 2 (P=0.013) compared to preoperative values ​​at third month postoperatively (p <0.001 significant with Bonferrotti correction). Conclusion: The two OVD’s used in this study during cataract surgery were safe and effective. Both OVD’s resulted in similar rates of transient IOP increases and corneal endothelial damage also provided good anterior chamber depth and were fairly easy to remove.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of complex therapy using the injectable form of chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate with osteoarthritis of the knee joint

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Belyaeva ◽  
O S Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. The study on the effectiveness of complex therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint was conducted in real clinical practice. Materials and methods. The survey involved 125 patients aged fr om 50 to 70 years (25 men and 100 women) with a diagnosis of knee joint OA (the III roentgenologic Kellgren-Lawrence stage).The average age of the patients was 62±3.21, the average duration of the disease - 9.4±2.8 years. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups of 35 people, the control group had 20 patients. Group 1 patients received non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) + Injectran(Chondroitin sulfate) 200 mg intramuscularly (I.M.) every other day No. 25.In group 2, patients received NSAIDs + Fermatron 1% 2 ml with an interval of 7 days intra - articularly (I.A.) No. 3. In group 3 - NSAIDs + Injectran 200 mg (I.M.) every other day No. 25 + Fermatron 1% 2 ml with an interval of 7 days (I.A.) No. 3. In the control group (20 people), patients received only NSAIDs. Evaluation of the symptoms was carried out using the WOMAC index before the start of thetherapy, after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. The intensity of pain while walking was estimated on a visual analogue scale. Results. In the groups that received Injectran (I; group 1) or Fermatron (F; group 2), the dynamics of pain while walking reduction was comparable and had slightly more than 30% in both groups, the figures are reliable in comparison withinitial data (p

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