scholarly journals Treatment of idiopathic increased femoral anteversion in children and adolescents – a perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-152
Author(s):  
J. Horn ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Derotational Osteotomy ◽  
Scholarly Article

Rotational problems of the lower extremities affect a vast number of infants and children, whereas increased femoral anteversion (inward rotation) is the most frequent cause of intoeing in school-aged children. Femoral anteversion is defined by the angle of the femoral neck in relation to the femoral shaft in the coronal plane, whereas the degree of anteversion is greatest in infancy and gradually decreases towards skeletal maturity in most children. In about 15 % of all children increased femoral anteversion persists into adulthood. In cases of excessive anteversion gait problems, hip and/or knee pain are common. Derotational osteotomy of the femur is an established treatment for the condition. However, there is a lack of knowledge and clear evidence when to perform surgery and how this affects function and pain in these patients. The current paper is not based on a complete literature review and, therefore, does not fulfill the criteria of a review article. However, the article is based on the authors’ in-depth knowledge and a rapid review of the literature, and it can be defined as a scholarly article providing a perspective on the condition.

scholarly journals What have we learned about COVID-19 volunteering in the UK? A rapid review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanlan Mao ◽  
Maria Fernandes-Jesus ◽  
Evangelos Ntontis ◽  
John Drury
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Community engagement and volunteering are essential for the public response to COVID-19. Since March 2020 a large number of people in the UK have been regularly doing unpaid activities to benefit others besides their close relatives. Although most mutual aid groups emerged from local neighbourhoods and communities, official public institutions also fostered community volunteering, namely through the community champions scheme. By considering a broad definition of COVID-19 volunteering, this article describes a systematic review of the literature focused on one broad question: What have we learned about COVID-19 volunteering both at the UK national level and the more local community level? Methods A rapid review of the literature in peer-reviewed databases and grey literature was applied in our search, following the PRISMA principles. The search was conducted from 10 to 16 of October 2020, and sources were included on the basis of having been published between January and October 2020, focusing on COVID-19 and addressing community groups, volunteering groups, volunteers, or community champions in the UK. Results After initial screening, a total of 40 relevant sources were identified. From these, 27 were considered eligible. Findings suggest that food shopping and emotional support were the most common activities, but there were diverse models of organisation and coordination in COVID-19 volunteering. Additionally, community support groups seem to be adjusting their activities and scope of action to current needs and challenges. Volunteers were mostly women, middle-class, highly educated, and working-age people. Social networks and connections, local knowledge, and social trust were key dimensions associated with community organising and volunteering. Furthermore, despite the efforts of a few official public institutions and councils, there has been limited community engagement and collaboration with volunteering groups and other community-based organisations. Conclusions We identified important factors for fostering community engagement and COVID-19 volunteering as well as gaps in the current literature. We suggest that future research should be directed towards deepening knowledge on sustaining community engagement, collaboration and community participation over time, during and beyond this pandemic.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on management of urogynaecology patients: a rapid review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemina Loganathan ◽  
◽  
Stergios K. Doumouchtsis
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Management Recommendations

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted health systems worldwide. There is a continuing need for clinicians to adapt practice to facilitate timely provision of medical care, whilst minimising horizontal transmission. Guidance and recommendations are increasingly available, and this rapid review aimed to provide a timely evidence synthesis on the current recommendations surrounding urogynaecological care. Methods We performed a literature review using PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane and a manual search of national and international societies for management recommendations for urogynaecological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Nine guidance documents and 17 articles, including 10 reviews, were included. Virtual clinics are recommended for new and follow-up patients, to assess and initiate treatment, as well as triage patients who require face-to-face appointments. Outpatient investigations such as urodynamics and cystoscopy for benign indications can be deferred. Prolapse and continence surgery should be suspended, except in specific circumstances such as procidentia with upper tract complications and failed pessaries. There is no evidence to support a particular route of surgery, but recommendations are made to minimise COVID-19 transmission. Conclusions Urogynaecological patients face particular challenges owing to inherent vulnerabilities of these populations. Behavioural and medical therapies should be recommended as first line options and initiated via virtual or remote clinics, which are integral to management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expanding the availability and accessibility of technology will be increasingly required. The majority of outpatient and inpatient procedures can be deferred, but the longer-term effects of such practices are unclear.

scholarly journals Current COVID-19 treatments: Rapid review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijia Dong ◽  
Azwa Shamsuddin ◽  
Harry Campbell ◽  
Evropi Theodoratou
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature

scholarly journals European Psychiatric Association (EPA) guidance on forensic psychiatry: Evidence based assessment and treatment of mentally disordered offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit A. Völlm ◽  
Martin Clarke ◽  
Vicenç Tort Herrando ◽  
Allan O. Seppänen ◽  
Paweł Gosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

AbstractForensic psychiatry in Europe is a specialty primarily concerned with individuals who have either offended or present a risk of doing so, and who also suffer from a psychiatric condition. These mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) are often cared for in secure psychiatric environments or prisons. In this guidance paper we first present an overview of the field of forensic psychiatry from a European perspective. We then present a review of the literature summarising the evidence on the assessment and treatment of MDOs under the following headings: The forensic psychiatrist as expert witness, risk, treatment settings for mentally disordered offenders, and what works for MDOs. We undertook a rapid review of the literature with search terms related to: forensic psychiatry, review articles, randomised controlled trials and best practice. We searched the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane library databases from 2000 onwards for adult groups only. We scrutinised publications for additional relevant literature, and searched the websites of relevant professional organisations for policies, statements or guidance of interest. We present the findings of the scientific literature as well as recommendations for best practice drawing additionally from the guidance documents identified. We found that the evidence base for forensic-psychiatric practice is weak though there is some evidence to suggest that psychiatric care produces better outcomes than criminal justice detention only. Practitioners need to follow general psychiatric guidance as well as that for offenders, adapted for the complex needs of this patient group, paying particular attention to long-term detention and ethical issues.

scholarly journals Distal third femoral shaft fractures in school-aged children

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (27) ◽  
pp. e21053
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Saroj Rai ◽  
Renhao Ze ◽  
Xin Tang ◽  
Ruikang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Femoral Shaft Fractures ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Shaft Fractures

Statebuilding and Nationbuilding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Goetze ◽  
Dejan Guzina
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Contradictory Evidence

Since the early 1990s, the number of statebuilding projects has multiplied, often ending several years or even decades of violent conflict. The objectives of these missions have been formulated ad hoc, driven by the geopolitical contexts in which the mandates of statebuilding missions were established. However, after initial success in establishing a sense of physical security, the empirical evidence shows that most statebuilding efforts have failed, or achieved only moderate success. In some countries, violence has resumed after the initial end of hostilities. In others, the best results were authoritarian regimes based on fragile stalemates between warring parties. A review of the literature on statebuilding indicates a vast number of theories and approaches that often collide with each other, claim the exact opposite, and mount (contradictory) evidence in support of their mutually exclusive claims. Still they are united by their inquiry into the general structural and policy-making conditions that nurture or impede statebuilding processes. A problematic characteristic of the statebuilding literature is a lack of dialogue across the various disciplines. Many of the claims in the international relations literature on external statebuilding are a mirror image of the previous ones made on democratization. Another problem is the propensity to repeat the same mistakes of the previous generations.

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