scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Operating Pressure and Riser Height on Irrigation Water Application under Different Wind Conditions in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Dereje Bishaw ◽  
Megersa Olumana
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Riser Height ◽  
Effective Use

Efficient and effective use of water resource is crucial to increase crop production. This can be achieved through uniform application of water and by reducing application losses. A field experiment was conducted at Wonji/Shoa Sugarcane Plantation (Ethiopia) to study the effect of sprinkler operating pressure and riser height on water distribution uniformity under different wind conditions. Three levels of operating pressure and two levels of sprinkler riser height, under three different wind conditions, were examined during the experiment. From the research evaporation and drift losses ranging from 11.2% to 16.4% were determined. Potential application efficiency (PAE) of 47.7% to 91.3% and actual application efficiency of low-quarter (AELQ) of 32.9% to 38.6% were achieved under various test combinations. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity (CU) of 71.7% to 81.7% and distribution uniformity (DU) of 56% to 75.7% were obtained under different test combinations. The results indicated that increase riser height leads to increase in sprinkler water uniformity. Higher sprinkler water uniformity and low application water loss have been encountered during low wind speed condition.

scholarly journals Effects of Operating Pressure, Nozzle Diameter and Wind Speed on the Performance of Sprinkler in Irrigation System during Water Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Dereje Bishaw Nigatie ◽  
Megersa O. Dinka ◽  
Tilahun Hordofa
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Major Factors

Owing to an increasing demand for irrigation water associated with the massive expansion of irrigated sugarcane farms in Ethiopia, there is a need to use the available water efficiently and effectively. Accordingly, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of operating pressure and nozzle size on the field performance of dragline sprinkler system at Wonji/Shoa Sugar Estate. The study was conducted under three wind phases (morning, mid-day and late afternoon) using three operating pressures (250 kPa, 300 kPa and 350 kPa) and two nozzle sizes (4.4 and 4.8 mm). Uniformity measurements were performed using single sprinkler and four sprinklers configurations. An application efficiency of low-quarter of 41% to 80.3% and actual application efficiency of low-quarter of 30.1% to 37.5% were achieved under the respective test combinations. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity of 71.7% to 86.3%, and distribution uniformity of 61% to 80.3% were achieved under different test combinations for four sprinklers test. The achievable delivery performance ratio was in the range of 0.81 to 1.18. The experimental results illustrated that, lower operating pressure and higher wind velocity were the major factors responsible for the low water distribution uniformity and efficiency.     

Effect of Combination Factors of Operating Pressure, Nozzle Diameter and Riser Height on Sprinkler Irrigation Uniformity

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Osman ◽  
Suhaimi B. Hassan ◽  
Khamaruzaman B. Wan Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Riser Height ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Pressure Nozzle

The irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system depends on many design factors such as nozzle type, nozzle diameter, operating pressure and riser height. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of combination factors of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height on sprinkler irrigation uniformity. Different operating pressures, nozzle diameters and riser heights have been used. The irrigation uniformity coefficients such as coefficient of uniformity (CU) and distribution uniformity of low quarter (DUlq) have been studied. This study concluded that, the irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system was more affected by the combination of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO E DIÂMETRO DE GOTAS DE UM CANHÃO DO TIPO TURBINA

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Felizardo Adenilson Rocha ◽  
Antônio Marciano Da Silva ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Drop Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Average Drop

DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO E DIÂMETRO DE GOTASDE UM CANHÃO DO TIPO TURBINA  Júlio H. Fernandes César1, Felizardo Adenilson Rocha2, Antônio Marciano da Silva3; Carlos Rogério de Mello31Faculdade da Terra, Brasília, DF,  [email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 3Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal Lavras. Lavras, MG.  1 RESUMO  O trabalho objetiva avaliar o desempenho técnico do aspersor canhão do tipo turbina Mercury. Para este estudo foram testados três bocais ( 16, 20 e 22 mm), com pressões de serviço de 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 e 500 kPa, pelo método de ensaio radial, com a finalidade de verificar a influência destes parâmetros na uniformidade de distribuição, intensidade de aplicação, diâmetro médio de gotas, raios de alcance e uniformidade de rotação. Observou-se que o diâmetro médio de gotas aumentou à medida que se reduziu a pressão de serviço, sendo que o comportamento do mesmo não se adaptou ao modelo clássico de aumento gradual do diâmetro médio das gotas pois foram constatados vários diâmetros de gotas ao longo do raio molhado. Os dados de vazão versus pressão se ajustaram à equação potencia, onde o bocal 16 mm mostrou-se mais susceptível às variações de pressão de serviço. O perfil de distribuição demonstrado é do tipo "doughnut" e retangular. Os dados de uniformidade de rotação demonstraram a eficiência do sistema de rotação do tipo turbina. Recomenda-se o uso das tabelas geradas em substituição ao catálogo do fabricante. UNITERMOS: Irrigação por aspersão, perfil de distribuição, coeficiente de uniformidade.  CESAR, J. H. F.; ROCHA, F. A.; SILVA, A. M.; MELLO, C. R. HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE AND DROP DIAMETER OF TURBINE-TYPE GUN SPRINKLER   2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical performance of a Mercury turbine-type gun sprinkler. The study was developed with three nozzles (16, 20 and 22 mm), operating pressures of 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 kPa, using the radial method test to verify the influence of these parameters on distribution uniformity, precipitation rate, average drop diameter, reach radius and rotation uniformity. It was verified that the average drop diameter increased as the operating pressure decreased, and that did not fit the classic model of gradual increase of the average drop diameter because several diameters were verified along the wet reach  radius. The discharge data versus pressure were adjusted to potential equation, and the 16 mm nozzle was the most susceptible to service pressure variations. The water distribution profile is "doughnut"-like and rectangular. The rotation uniformity data demonstrated the efficiency of the turbine-type rotation system. Thus, the use of the produced tables in this study is recommended to substitute the manufacturer's manual. KEYWORDS: sprinkler irrigation, distribution profile, irrigation uniformity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hydraulic Performance Characteristics of a Newly Designed Dynamic Fluidic Sprinkler

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingye Zhu ◽  
Alexander Fordjour ◽  
Shouqi Yuan ◽  
Frank Dwomoh ◽  
Daoxing Ye
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Droplet Size Distributions

A newly designed dynamic fluidic sprinkler was tested with different types of nozzles at different operating pressures. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of a newly designed dynamic fluidic sprinkler. MATLAB R2014a software was employed to establish the computational program for the computed uniformity. Droplet sizes were determined using a Thies Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor. Results showed that the nozzle with a diameter of 5.5 mm gave the highest coefficient of uniformity value of 86% at a low pressure of 150 kPa. The comparison of water distribution profiles for the nozzle sizes (2, 3, 4, 5.5, 6 and 7 mm) at different operating pressures (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kPa) showed that a 5.5-mm nozzle size produced a parabola-shaped profile at 150 kPa. The mean droplet diameters for the nozzles sizes of 2, 3, 4, 5.5, 6 and 7 mm ranged from 0 to 4.2, 0 to 3.7, 0 to 3.6, 0 to 3.2, 0 to 0.5 and 0 to 3.8 mm, respectively. The comparison of droplet size distributions showed that 5.5 mm had the optimum droplet diameter of 3.2 mm. The largest droplet sizes had a maximum value of 4.0 for a 2-mm nozzle size. For all the nozzles sizes, 5.5 mm produced better results for hydraulic performance, which can significantly improve the performance and save water for crop production in sprinkler-irrigated fields.

Pressure-discharge and Hydraulic Gradient along the Lateral of the Drip Irrigation System for Okra

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Vanitha ◽  
S. Senthilvel
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Gradient Compensation

Micro irrigation system should ensure relatively same amount of water to each plant along the total length of lateral line. In general, the drip irrigation systems are low to medium operating pressure head systems with a pressure requirement in range of 0.5 kg/cm2 to 2.5 kg/cm2 depending on the area irrigated and field layout geometry. However, since these systems are pressure irrigation systems which require appropriate operating pressure heads to deliver the required rates of flow, the inevitable frictional head losses are to be compensated for maintaining uniformity in water application. Hence, the hydraulic gradient compensation needs to be achieved by some viable mechanism so that the inequality in pressure heads and discharges can be eliminated or minimized. The crop production will have its maximum yield and water use efficiency only one the water distribution uniformities at its the highest. Hydraulic gradient compensation assumes a vital role in compensating the operating pressure heads as well as the emitter discharges. The hydraulic gradient compensated drip lateral layout registered high order of water distribution uniformity in the range of 97.8% and irrigation usage efficiency in the range of 17.98 kg/ha/mm to 20.69 kg/ha/mm for 2 lph emitter arrangements.

scholarly journals Study on the irrigation water distribution system developed by Barind Multipurpose Development Authority

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mosiur Rahman ◽  
A.H.M. Kamal ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Shafi Uddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Buried Pipe

Irrigated agriculture has been playing a vital role for the growth in crop production in Bangladesh. Minor irrigation comprising of shallow tubewells (STWs), deep tubewells (DTWs), hand tubewells (HTWs) and low-lift pumps (LLPs) is a major irrigation system in the country. Poor performance of irrigation is an issue for the expansion of irrigated area. The present study was carried out to examine the conveyance efficiency and rate of irrigation water loss in DTW schemes in Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones of Barind Management Development Authority. There were various types of water distribution identified in these schemes with including Poly Venyl Chloride (PVC) buried pipe, cement concrete (CC) rectangular, Ferro trapezoidal, Ferro semicircular and rectangular earth drain. The average conveyance efficiency of PVC buried pipe for Bogra, Thakurgaon and Godagari zones ranged from 94.46% to 95.37% and rate of water loss ranged from 5.45% to 9.55% in three study zones. Average conveyance efficiency of CC rectangular for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 91.20% and rate of water loss from 6.58% to 9.93%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro trapezoid for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged from 87.80% to 90.06% and rate of water loss ranged from 9.94% to 12.21%. Average conveyance efficiency of Ferro semicircle for Bogra and Godagari zone ranged between 88.13% and 86.82% and rate of water loss between 11.59% and 11.68%. Average conveyance efficiency and rate of water loss of rectangular earth drain Godagari zone was 58.66% and 42.29% respectively. About 80% farmers recommended buried pipe irrigation system and about 20% semi-circular channel. The study suggests that the improved water distribution system as developed by BMDA is sustainable to increase productivity of irrigation systems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbayr.v1i2.10032

scholarly journals The Optimization of Energy Recovery Device Sizes and Locations in Municipal Water Distribution Systems during Extended-Period Simulation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Gideon Johannes Bonthuys ◽  
Marco van Dijk ◽  
Giovanna Cavazzini
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Leakage Reduction ◽  
The Past

Excess pressure within water distribution systems not only increases the risk for water losses through leakages but provides the potential for harnessing excess energy through the installation of energy recovery devices, such as turbines or pump-as-turbines. The effect of pressure management on leakage reduction in a system has been well documented, and the potential for pressure management through energy recovery devices has seen a growth in popularity over the past decade. Over the past 2 years, the effect of energy recovery on leakage reduction has started to enter the conversation. With the theoretical potential known, researchers have started to focus on the location of energy recovery devices within water supply and distribution systems and the optimization thereof in terms of specific installation objectives. Due to the instrumental role that both the operating pressure and flow rate plays on both leakage and potential energy, daily variation and fluctuations of these parameters have great influence on the potential energy recovery and subsequent leakage reduction within a water distribution system. This paper presents an enhanced optimization procedure, which incorporates user-defined weighted importance of specific objectives and extended-period simulations into a genetic algorithm, to identify the optimum size and location of potential installations for energy recovery and leakage reduction. The proposed procedure proved to be effective in identifying more cost-effective and realistic solutions when compared to the procedure proposed in the literature.

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