scholarly journals DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO E DIÂMETRO DE GOTAS DE UM CANHÃO DO TIPO TURBINA

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Felizardo Adenilson Rocha ◽  
Antônio Marciano Da Silva ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Drop Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Average Drop

DESEMPENHO HIDRÁULICO E DIÂMETRO DE GOTASDE UM CANHÃO DO TIPO TURBINA  Júlio H. Fernandes César1, Felizardo Adenilson Rocha2, Antônio Marciano da Silva3; Carlos Rogério de Mello31Faculdade da Terra, Brasília, DF,  [email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 3Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal Lavras. Lavras, MG.  1 RESUMO  O trabalho objetiva avaliar o desempenho técnico do aspersor canhão do tipo turbina Mercury. Para este estudo foram testados três bocais ( 16, 20 e 22 mm), com pressões de serviço de 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 e 500 kPa, pelo método de ensaio radial, com a finalidade de verificar a influência destes parâmetros na uniformidade de distribuição, intensidade de aplicação, diâmetro médio de gotas, raios de alcance e uniformidade de rotação. Observou-se que o diâmetro médio de gotas aumentou à medida que se reduziu a pressão de serviço, sendo que o comportamento do mesmo não se adaptou ao modelo clássico de aumento gradual do diâmetro médio das gotas pois foram constatados vários diâmetros de gotas ao longo do raio molhado. Os dados de vazão versus pressão se ajustaram à equação potencia, onde o bocal 16 mm mostrou-se mais susceptível às variações de pressão de serviço. O perfil de distribuição demonstrado é do tipo "doughnut" e retangular. Os dados de uniformidade de rotação demonstraram a eficiência do sistema de rotação do tipo turbina. Recomenda-se o uso das tabelas geradas em substituição ao catálogo do fabricante. UNITERMOS: Irrigação por aspersão, perfil de distribuição, coeficiente de uniformidade.  CESAR, J. H. F.; ROCHA, F. A.; SILVA, A. M.; MELLO, C. R. HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE AND DROP DIAMETER OF TURBINE-TYPE GUN SPRINKLER   2 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical performance of a Mercury turbine-type gun sprinkler. The study was developed with three nozzles (16, 20 and 22 mm), operating pressures of 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 kPa, using the radial method test to verify the influence of these parameters on distribution uniformity, precipitation rate, average drop diameter, reach radius and rotation uniformity. It was verified that the average drop diameter increased as the operating pressure decreased, and that did not fit the classic model of gradual increase of the average drop diameter because several diameters were verified along the wet reach  radius. The discharge data versus pressure were adjusted to potential equation, and the 16 mm nozzle was the most susceptible to service pressure variations. The water distribution profile is "doughnut"-like and rectangular. The rotation uniformity data demonstrated the efficiency of the turbine-type rotation system. Thus, the use of the produced tables in this study is recommended to substitute the manufacturer's manual. KEYWORDS: sprinkler irrigation, distribution profile, irrigation uniformity.

Effect of Combination Factors of Operating Pressure, Nozzle Diameter and Riser Height on Sprinkler Irrigation Uniformity

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Osman ◽  
Suhaimi B. Hassan ◽  
Khamaruzaman B. Wan Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Riser Height ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Pressure Nozzle

The irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system depends on many design factors such as nozzle type, nozzle diameter, operating pressure and riser height. An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of combination factors of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height on sprinkler irrigation uniformity. Different operating pressures, nozzle diameters and riser heights have been used. The irrigation uniformity coefficients such as coefficient of uniformity (CU) and distribution uniformity of low quarter (DUlq) have been studied. This study concluded that, the irrigation uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system was more affected by the combination of operating pressure, nozzle diameter and riser height.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Operating Pressure and Riser Height on Irrigation Water Application under Different Wind Conditions in Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Dereje Bishaw ◽  
Megersa Olumana
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Coefficient Of Uniformity ◽  
Riser Height ◽  
Effective Use

Efficient and effective use of water resource is crucial to increase crop production. This can be achieved through uniform application of water and by reducing application losses. A field experiment was conducted at Wonji/Shoa Sugarcane Plantation (Ethiopia) to study the effect of sprinkler operating pressure and riser height on water distribution uniformity under different wind conditions. Three levels of operating pressure and two levels of sprinkler riser height, under three different wind conditions, were examined during the experiment. From the research evaporation and drift losses ranging from 11.2% to 16.4% were determined. Potential application efficiency (PAE) of 47.7% to 91.3% and actual application efficiency of low-quarter (AELQ) of 32.9% to 38.6% were achieved under various test combinations. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity (CU) of 71.7% to 81.7% and distribution uniformity (DU) of 56% to 75.7% were obtained under different test combinations. The results indicated that increase riser height leads to increase in sprinkler water uniformity. Higher sprinkler water uniformity and low application water loss have been encountered during low wind speed condition.

scholarly journals UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSORES COMPENSANTES E NÃO COMPENSANTES EM DIFERENTES ALTURAS

Irriga ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Tomoyoshi Tamagi ◽  
Miguel Angel Uribe Opazo ◽  
Jerry Adriani Johann ◽  
Marcio Antonio Vilas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Caixa Postal

UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSORES COMPENSANTES E NÃO COMPENSANTES EM DIFERENTES ALTURAS  JORGE TOMOYOSHI TAMAGI1; MIGUEL ANGEL URIBE-OPAZO2; JERRY ADRIANI JOHANN2 E MARCIO ANTONIO VILAS BOAS2 1 Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola – PGEAGRI. Rua Universitária, 2069 – Jd. Universitário – Caixa Postal 711 – CEP 85819-110 – Cascavel – PR, e-mail: [email protected] UNIOESTE, campus de Cascavel – PR, professores e pesquisadores do PGEAGRI, e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected].  1 RESUMO Este trabalho tem como finalidade contribuir para o desenvolvimento de técnicas adequadas para avaliação de sistemas de irrigação por aspersão, considerando que a uniformidade de distribuição da água afeta diretamente a lâmina bruta de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido na região Norte de Cascavel, Paraná, (24º 55’ 04” latitude Sul, 53º 28’ 31” longitude Oeste e altitude de 785 m). Foram utilizadas duas parcelas de 10 x 10 m, denominadas S1 e S2, modificando-se somente a altura dos aspersores de 1,5 m para 1,0 m, respectivamente. Em cada parcela foram instalados 100 coletores, 4 aspersores super 10 bocal azul, compensante e, após 32 ensaios, foram substituídos por 4 aspersores super 10 bocal azul, não compensante. Foram determinados os seguintes coeficientes: Uniformidade de Christiansen, Uniformidade de Distribuição e Uniformidade Estatístico. Foram realizados estudos de inferência estatística e criadas cartas de controle para a análise do controle estatístico do processo, além dos índices de capacidade de processo (Cp) e desempenho do processo (Cpk). Os resultados mostraram que o aspersor compensante apresentou melhor desempenho à altura de 1,5 m (C-1,5 m) e que, entre as alturas de 1,0 m e 1,5 m, as melhores uniformidades de distribuição de água ocorreram na altura de 1,5 m. Palavras-chave: inferência estatística; cartas de controle; capacidade de processo.  TAMAGI, J. T.; URIBE-OPAZO, M. A.; JOHANN J. A.; VILAS BOAS, M. A. IRRIGATION WATER DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY BY COMPENSATING AND NON-COMPENSATING SPRINKLERS AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS  2 ABSTRACT The uniformity of water application is an important factor to be considered in the assessment of sprinkler irrigation systems, since it directly affects gross irrigation depth, This work is a contribution for the development of appropriate techniques for assessment of results to improve the system. This trial was conducted  in the Northern region of Cascavel-PR (24º 55' 04" S, 53º 28' 31" W). Two 10 x 10 m plots were used and described as S1 and S2, according to the heights’ change of sprinklers, from 1.5 to 1.0 m, respectively. There were 100 collectors in each plot, plus 4 Super 10-blue-nozzle pressure compensating sprinklers, and, after 32 essays, they were replaced by 4 Super 10-blue-nozzle non pressure compensating sprinklers. The following coefficients were determined: Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC), coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD) and statistical uniformity coefficient (SUC). Statistical inference studies were carried out and control charts were generated to analyze the statistical control of the process, as well as Cp and Cpk indices. The results showed the best performance with the pressure compensating sprinklers irrigation at 1.5 m high (C-1.5 m) and that among the 1.0 m and 1.5 m heights the best water distribution uniformity was with the 1.5 m height. Keywords: Statistical analysis; Control Charts; Process Capacity.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation Nonuniformity on Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiencies in Shallow-rooted Vegetable Cropping Systems

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 446B-446
Author(s):  
B. Sanden ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
L. Pan ◽  
R. Strohman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Set Up

This research tests the hypothesis that decreasing lateral spacing from 45 to 35 feet in solid-set sprinkler systems increases the uniformity of irrigation water distribution and improves water and N fertilizer use efficiencies. Three different spacings between sprinkler laterals (35', 40', and 45') were set up in three blocks in a 60-acre commercial carrot field in Western Kern County in California's San Joaquin Valley. Determinations of irrigation water distribution uniformity, yields, crop water use, plant growth, and nitrate leaching were made. Mean sprinkler distribution uniformities (DU) were found to be 80.6%, 78.1%, and 86% for the 35-, 40-, and 45-ft spacings, respectively. Total carrot yield and quality did not differ significantly among the three spacings, corroborating the finding that irrigation uniformities were similar among the treatments. Although the three lateral spacings evaluated in this initial experiment did not result in major differences in irrigation uniformity, total yields, or quality, the findings of this initial stage of our research are significant. They point to the need for new assessments of currently used protocols for evaluating sprinkler irrigation management of water and nitrogen fertilizer if they can be confirmed by repeated trials in coming years.

scholarly journals Analysis of Water Droplet Distribution in Wind for the Fluidic Sprinkler

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3320
Author(s):  
Frank Agyen Dwomoh ◽  
Shouqi Yuan ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Xingye Zhu ◽  
Junping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Drop Diameter ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
New Type

The fluidic sprinkler, a relatively new type of rotating sprinkler, has been the subject of quite a lot of research about its structural parameters, hydraulic characteristics, and water distribution profile, albeit under indoor conditions. The fluidic sprinkler’s performance in terms of water distribution profile and droplet size distribution pattern in wind has seen little investigation. To obtain information about its droplet size distribution in wind, the Thiess Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor was employed. Drop diameter, drop velocity, and the number of drops at varying distances from the fluidic sprinkler were measured in both wind and no wind at three operating pressures of 250, 300, and 350 kPa. The logistic model was adopted to fit a relationship between the drop diameter and the cumulative numeric frequency (CNF) and the cumulative volumetric frequency (CVF) values resulting in very high correlation coefficient (R2) values of above 0.99 for all conditions. At 250, 300, and 350 kPa, drops traveled 0.6, 1.0, and 1.3 m, respectively, farther in wind than in no wind along the direction of throw. Drops exhibited a spectrum of velocities and diameters at a given radial distance from the sprinkler. Up to two-thirds of the radius of throw, the proportion of drops with diameters ranging from 0.125 mm to 1.00 mm were above 80% at 300 and 350 kPa.

scholarly journals Sustainable Water Resources Using Corner Pivot Lateral, A Novel Sprinkler Irrigation System Layout for Small Scale Farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rad ◽  
Lei Gan ◽  
Xiaobing Chen ◽  
Shaohong You ◽  
Liangliang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Component ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Can Technique ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
And Control

Sprinkler irrigation systems are widely used in medium and large scale farms in different forms. However less types are available to apply in small farms due to their high costs. The current study was done according to a novel cost effective design for a semi-permanent sprinkler irrigation system for small farm owners. The new layout known as Corner Pivot Lateral (CPL) was examined in irrigation test center at Lijian Scientific and Technological Demonstration Park, at Nanning city, China. CPL was implemented without a main/sub mainline pipe, by applying a single pivoting lateral at the corner of the plot that directly connected to the resource to convey water from the pump. The lateral moves around the corner using a rotating elbow in a quadrant pattern manually to cover the entire farm. A conventional semi-permanent system was applied for the same farm as reference. A cost analysis on the required components as well as annual operational costs was carried out for comparison and control. Results showed that a lower system component would be needed for the CPL method. Overall, more than a 15% capital cost reduction with 7% annual cost decrement was achieved for CPL in this experiment comparatively. The Catch can technique was applied to examine the CPL system’s efficiency and 79% water distribution uniformity around the sprinkler was obtained. This new method can encourage small estate holders to switch from traditional to pressurized systems which optimizes water application costs.

Effect of Low Pressure on Irrigation Uniformity of Solid Set Sprinkler Irrigation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Manal Osman ◽  
Suhaimi B. Hassan ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Design Factors

The irrigation requires an efficient and effective method of water application to realize maximum return and conserve water resources. The low pressure sprinkler irrigation system is the most commonly used due to: its low energy cost, but the irrigation uniformity of this system is not constantly good because it is affecting by the design factors such as: nozzle type, nozzle diameter, operating pressure and spacing layout. But the most important factors are the operating pressure and nozzle diameter. In this study the effect of low pressure on the irrigation uniformity of the solid set sprinkler irrigation system was studied. Different low operating pressures (62, 82, 102 and122 kPa) were selected and different nozzle diameters (4, 5 and 7 mm) were used. The solid set layout was square (12 m between the sprinklers along the line and 12 m among the line). The catch-cans test was used to determine the uniformity coefficients such as: Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity (CU), coefficient of variation (CV), distribution uniformity of low quarter (DUlq) and distribution uniformity of low half (DUlh). The distribution characteristics such as: throw radius and rotation speed were monitored. A comparison was made between the results obtained from different combination of operating pressures and nozzle diameters. The results of this study showed that, CU, DUlqand DUlhwere increased when the pressure increased for all the nozzles. The greater values of CU, DUlqand DUlhwere found with the combination of 7 mm nozzle diameter and 122 kPa. The coefficient of variation was increased when the pressure decreased for all the nozzles. The throw radius and rotation speed were increased gradually when the pressure increased. The throw radius was not significantly affected by the nozzle diameter while the rotation speed was more affected by the nozzle diameter.

scholarly journals Effect of Pulsating Pressure on Water Distribution and Application Uniformity for Sprinkler Irrigation on Sloping Land

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Boyang Fu ◽  
Naiwang Ren ◽  
Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Sloping Land ◽  
Distribution Uniformity

Crops are highly susceptible to drought in sloping land. Due to its good adaptability to complex terrain, sprinkler irrigation is one of the commonly used methods for sloping land. To improve water application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land, an experiment was conducted on an artificial slope to determine the effects of pulsating versus constant pressure on sprinkler flow rate, radius of throw, water distribution pattern, and water application uniformity. Compared with sprinkler flow rate and water distribution uniformity at constant pressure, sprinkler flow rate was not reduced, but water distribution uniformity for a single sprinkler was improved due to the decreased uphill throw, downhill throw and the ratio of downhill throw to uphill throw at pulsating pressure. The Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) value of water distribution for a single sprinkler at pulsating pressure was about 10% higher than that of constant pressure. When water distribution of single sprinkler overlapped with rectangular arrangement, CU values for pulsating pressure were on average 4.06% higher than those for constant pressure with different sprinkler spacings. Thus, pulsating pressure is recommended for use in sprinkler irrigation on sloping land to improve water application uniformity.

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