scholarly journals On the Dependence of the Relativistic Angular Momentum of a Uniform Ball on the Radius and Angular Velocity of Rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Fedosin
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Kerr Black Hole ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Spherical Body ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light

In the framework of the special theory of relativity, elementary formulas are used to derive the formula for determining the relativistic angular momentum of a rotating ideal uniform ball. The moment of inertia of such a ball turns out to be a nonlinear function of the angular velocity of rotation. Application of this formula to the neutron star PSR J1614-2230 shows that due to relativistic corrections the angular momentum of the star increases tenfold as compared to the nonrelativistic formula. For the proton and neutron star PSR J1748-2446ad the velocities of their surface’s motion are calculated, which reach the values of the order of 30% and 19% of the speed of light, respectively. Using the formula for the relativistic angular momentum of a uniform ball, it is easy to obtain the formula for the angular momentum of a thin spherical shell depending on its thickness, radius, mass density, and angular velocity of rotation. As a result, considering a spherical body consisting of a set of such shells it becomes possible to accurately determine its angular momentum as the sum of the angular momenta of all the body’s shells. Two expressions are provided for the maximum possible angular momentum of the ball based on the rotation of the ball’s surface at the speed of light and based on the condition of integrity of the gravitationally bound body at the balance of the gravitational and centripetal forces. Comparison with the results of the general theory of relativity shows the difference in angular momentum of the order of 25% for an extremal Kerr black hole.

scholarly journals Special Relativity sans Lorentz Transformation (OR) Perceptional Relativity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastin Patrick Asokan
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Impossible Task

Abstract This paper shows that from the fact that the same Reality is perceived differently by the observers in different inertial frames, we can draw a simple and straightforward explanation for the constancy of light's speed in all inertial frames without any need for bringing in paradoxical Lorentz Transformation. This paper also proves that Lorentz Transformation has failed in its attempt to do the impossible task of establishing t' ≠ t to explain the constancy of the speed of light in all inertial frames without contradicting the interchangeability of frames demanded by the First Postulate of the Special Theory of Relativity. This paper also points out the misconceptions regarding the claimed experimental verifications of Lorentz Transformation's predictions in the Hafele–Keating experiment and μ meson experiment. This paper concludes that Einstein's Special Theory Relativity can stand on its own merits without Lorentz Transformation.

4. Energy, mass, and light

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Geoff Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Space And Time

By the beginning of the twentieth century, our understanding of matter was completely transformed by the great discoveries of electromagnetism and relativity. ‘Energy, mass, and light’ outlines Einstein’s special theory of relativity of 1905, which describes what happens when objects move at speeds close to the speed of light. The theory transformed our understanding of the nature of space and time, and matter through the equivalence of mass and energy. In 1916, Einstein extended the theory to include gravity in the general theory of relativity, which revealed that matter affects space by curving space around it.

The four basic errors of special theory of relativity and the solution offered by extended Galilean relativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukri Klinaku
Keyword(s):  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Addition Formula ◽  
Principle Of Relativity ◽  
Galilean Relativity ◽  
Velocity Addition ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Tycho Brahe

Is the special theory of relativity (STR) a “simple” or “tricky” theory? They who think that it is a simple theory say (i) that its postulates are simple, that Nature is such, (ii) that the mathematics of STR is perfect, and (iii) that experiments support it. I consider its two postulates to be very true, whereas the mathematics of the STR has a shortcoming, and, as for the experiments, the question must be posed: which theory do they support best? The problem for STR lies in the transition from its postulates to its basic equations, i.e., Lorentz transformation and the velocity addition formula. The passage from the principle of relativity and the constancy of the speed of light to the basic equations of the STR is affected by four fundamental errors—three physical and one mathematical. Continuous attempts to reconcile these latent mistakes have made STR increasingly tricky. As a result, it is in a similar situation to Ptolemy's geocentric model after “improvements” thereto by Tycho Brahe. However, the “Copernican solution” for relative motion—offered by extended Galilean relativity—is very simple and effective.

Shock waves in an ultra-relativistic fluid

1964 ◽  
Vol 277 (1368) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Plane Shock ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Conservation Equations ◽  
Relativistic Fluid ◽  
Density Relation

The special theory of relativity is used to analyze the motion of plane shock waves in a medium whose equation of state is u = 3 p , u being the mass density and p the pressure. The appropriate conservation equations together with this pressure-density relation provide a determinate set of equations for obtaining the downstream, in terms of the upstream, variables. The properties of normal and oblique shock waves in this gas are studied in the Lorentz frames in which the shocks are at rest.

scholarly journals Special Relativity sans Lorentz Transformation (OR) Perceptional Relativity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEBASTIN PATRICK ASOKAN
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Inertial Frame ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Inertial Frames

Abstract This paper shows that from the fact that the same Reality is perceived differently by the observers in different inertial frames, we can draw a simple and straightforward explanation for the constancy of light's speed in all inertial frames without any need for bringing in paradoxical Lorentz Transformation. This paper shows that the premise that each inertial frame has its unique time, which Lorentz Transformation introduced to explain the constancy of the speed of light in all inertial frames is incompatible with the interchangeability of the frames, an essential requisite of the First Postulate of the Special Theory of Relativity. This paper also points out the misconceptions regarding the claimed experimental verifications of Lorentz Transformation's predictions in the Hafele–Keating experiment and μ meson experiment. This paper hints at the possibility of attributing the observed slowing down of fast-moving clocks to the Relativistic Variation of Mass with Velocity instead of Time Dilation. This paper concludes that Einstein's Special Theory Relativity can stand on its own merits without Lorentz Transformation.

scholarly journals The Special theory of relativity in different media(Ⅰ)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jun ◽  
Na Dong
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Inertial Coordinate System ◽  
Time Service

Abstract In this paper, the special theory of relativity in different media is established, based on the fundamental invariant of the space-time four-dimensional space x2 + y2 + z2 - c2 t2 = x'2 + y'2 + z'2 - c' t'2 . First of all, the inertial coordinate system is strictly defined in mathematical language. The inertial coordinate system that uses the actual measured different speeds of light as the limit speed still retains its most basic characteristics as an inertial coordinate system. Then, the space-time coordinate transformation and velocity transformation formulas between inertial coordinate systems with different light velocity are derived. These results not only break through the limitation of "vacuum", but also all are exactly the same as the conclusions of the traditional special theory of relativity when c = c' ; and when c ≠ c' give the new physical content. This all lifted the threat of the theory of relativity by the speed of light experiment, making c = c' ; and c ≠ c' both inclusively under the basic point of view of the theory of relativity; which will inevitably broaden the way of using relativity to deal with physics problems and clarify many problems left over in the study of relativity. The article discusses the problem of relativistic kinematics involving the measurement of time and space, correctly interprets the effects of “ruler contraction” and “clock retardation”, and uncovers and correctly answers the “clock paradox” that accompanied the birth of relativity. For two motion systems S and S', that are separated from each other by constant velocity, at any time and where, the product of the proper time elapsed evenly and uniformly and the speed of light in the respective system are equal, cτ = c' τ'; and the product of the coordinates time read out in observing and recognizing the other party's proper time and the speed of light in the respective system are also equal, ct = c' t' . It is confirmed that the product of any moving individual's uniform disappearance proper time and its measured speed of light remain unchanged; and the proper time cannot be determined purely by the individual's subjective way. Deduced the uncertain relationship between the proper time and the coordinate time for an inertial coordinate system which was not noticed by the traditional special theory of relativity. Remind the practical astronomy workers who do the time measurement and the time service work to understand that it is impossible to equate practical scientific coordinate time and the proper time of ideal uniform disappearance (the so-called “Ephemeris Time”). Thereby pay attention to the impact of this uncertain relationship on the time measurement and the time service work, and propose ways to verify. Subsequent work will use this expanded special theory of relativity to conduct a comprehensive review of related physics, which will inevitably extend to issues that have not been or cannot be examined by traditional special theory of relativity.

scholarly journals The Special theory of relativity in different media (Ⅱ)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Dong ◽  
Dong Jun
Keyword(s):  
Special Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
The Media ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Wave Normal

Abstract This paper analyzes the problems and contradictions that occur when the traditional special theory of relativity which uses the speed of light in a vacuum as an invariant constant, studies the propagation of light in media. These problems are re-examined and discussed with the special theory of relativity of variable speed of light. The transformation relationship of the characteristic quantities describing light wave frequency ν, phase velocity w and the direction angle α of the wave normal between the two inertial coordinate systems in vacuum S and in medium S' were derived; combining the transformation of the light ray speed u which describes light granular motion, the de Broglie wave-particle velocity relationship in the vacuum u w = c2 is νextended to the medium to become u' w' = c'2. Corrected the approach of the traditional special theory of relativity when dealing with these problems, in which the transformation from the space-time coordinates to the relevant physical quantity is limited to the half-sided transformation of the media into the vacuum (not two sided transformation), so that the resulting contradictions and problems are all solved. Optical experiments that support the traditional special theory of relativity, such as the Fizeau experiment and the Michelson-Morley experiment, not only still support and agree with the generalized special theory of relativity with variable speed of light, but also obtain a more correct and satisfactory interpretation from it.

scholarly journals Direct current regimes in the linear electric circuits according to the relativistic circuit theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Ivanov Panov
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Circuit Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Basic Equations

The paper is dedicated to a missing chapter of the circuit theory, which is connected with the special theory of relativity. It is concerned with the direct current regimes in the linear electric circuits, which are moving with speeds smaller than the speed of light or close to it. In it a series of basic questions, connected with the relativistic forms of the fundamental laws for the electric circuits (Kirchhoff’s current law, Kirchhoff’s voltage law, Ohm’s law, Joule’s law, the energy conservation law), are observed. The relativistic forms of the basic quantities of the electric circuits (currents, voltages, powers) and the relativistic relations of the basic parameters of the circuits (resistances, conductances, capacitances, inductances) are presented, too. These formulas are extracted step by step by the help of Maxwell-Hertz-Einstein system of basic equations of the electromagnetic field, which is applied to fast moving objects (linear electric circuits) with arbitrary velocities less than the speed of light or even close to it. The final results are illustrated by the help of some simple examples about fast moving linear electric circuits. Their analyses are presented step by step in order to show the validity of the received relations.

scholarly journals Special relativity: Interpretation and implications for space-time geometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Rahnejat
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Light Cone ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Matter Field ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Calculus Of Variation ◽  
Definition Of

The paper commemorates the centenary of the special theory of relativity, which effectively sets the limit for the structure of space-time to that of the stationary system. The long lasting debate for definition of concepts of instantaneity and simultaneity was thus resolved by the declaration of constancy of speed of light in vacuo as a law of physics. All motions were thus bounded by the light cone and described by the properties of differential geometry, firmly anchored in the calculus of variations. The key contribution underpinning the theory was the resolution of the contradiction imposed by the Galilean transformation through physical explanation and the adoption of the Lorentzian transformation. This highlighted the relative nature of both space and time and the linkage of these to preserve the sanctity of the light cone. The resulting space-time geometry was then founded on the traditional calculus of variation with the addition of this transformation. This retains the time as an independent coordinate and its linkage to space in an explicit form. One implication of this approach has been the retention of the concept of infinitum for some physical quantities as a drawback for use of the Lorentzian transformation. The paper shows that this singular behaviour need not arise if the explicit linkage in space-time is abandoned in favour of the implicit inclusion of time as a link between the curved structure of space and the speed of light, thus restating the calculus of variation in line with special relativity. This points to a closed loop space-matter field, which may belie the fabric of the continuum. One implication of this interpretation is that a small variation in speed of light within the field would be required to dispense with the aforementioned singular nature of the Lorentzian boost, while still remaining within the spirit of special relativity.

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