scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper as Copper Piperazine

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Ch. Kavitha ◽  
M. Sarath Babu ◽  
K. Saraswathi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Acetate Medium ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Determination Of Copper ◽  
Level Analysis

Spectrophotometric method for determination of Cu(II) in the trace quantities was developed by using piperazine as ligand in ammonium acetate medium. The Procedure developed was applied for the estimation Cu(II) in microgram quantities in the samples of alloys and the method was found to be simple, rapid and comparable to routine analytical methods for trace level analysis of metal ions in environmental samples in any laboratory where sophisticated and expensive instruments are not available. UV visible spectrophotometer is cost effective and available in almost all laboratories. The complexes of piperazine in aqueous solutions are not reported so far and this is the first attempt in this area of spectrophotometric analysis.

scholarly journals Paper-based potentiometric sensing devices modified with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) for trace level determination of pholcodine (opiate derivative drug)

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 12227-12234
Author(s):  
Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh ◽  
Abd El-Galil E. Amr ◽  
Elsayed A. Elsayed ◽  
Ahmed Y. A. Sayed ◽  
Ayman H. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Ion Sensing ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Trace Level Determination ◽  
Analytical Device

Robust, reliable and cost-effective paper-based analytical device for potentiometric pholcodine (opiate derivative drug) ion sensing has been prepared and characterized.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DULOXETINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
LIPSA SAMAL ◽  
AMARESH PRUSTY
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Thiophene Derivative ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Development And Validation

Objective: The aim of the present work was to develop and validate a simple UV spectroscopic method for the determination of duloxetine, which is a thiophene derivative and a selective neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitor for serotonin, norepinephrine, and to lesser degree dopamine. Methods: The UV Spectrophotometric analysis was performed using Shimadzu UV-1800 and Shimadzu UV-1700 spectrophotometer by using solvent system acetonitrile and water in the ratio of 8:2. Detection was performed at a wavelength of 290 nm. Method validation was carried out according to ICH Q2R1 guidelines by taking the parameters linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and robustness, LOD and LOQ. Results: The UV Spectrophotometric method was found linear in the range of 10-50 μg/ml. The method was rugged and robust with % relative standard deviation less than 2. The extraction recoveries were found to be higher than 99% in all experimental conditions. Conclusion: Based upon the performance characteristics, the proposed method was found accurate, precise and rapid and suitable for the determination of Duloxetine for routine analysis.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF Cu(II) CONCENTRATION IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM USING INVERSION ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Vera Vorobets ◽  
Gennadii Kolbasov ◽  
Sergii Fomanyuk ◽  
Nataliia Smirnova ◽  
Oksana Linnik
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Background Solution ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Method ◽  
Determination Of Copper

Electrode materials based on titanium dioxide modified with zinc ions and gold nanoparticles, synthesized by sol-gel method, were used to determine the concentration of Cu (II) in liquids by stripping voltammetry method. Determination of Cu (II) was done using background solutions based on 0.4 M formic acid and ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 7.5) using the standard addition method with a potential scanning speed of 50 mV•s-1. The solution was stirred during the preliminary electrolysis at a potential of -1400 mV (vs silver-chloride reference electrode) for 120 seconds and then the potential was scanned from -1200 mV to + 200 mV. It is shown that the background solution based on ammonium acetate buffer provides a higher sensitivity and a good selectivity of peaks for the determination of copper compared to the background solution based on formic acid. Determined that value of the analytical signal of copper in the studied model solutions based on ammonium acetate and formic acid is proportional to the concentration of copper ions in the solution. To increase the selectivity of stripping voltammetry method in determining copper concentrations in solutions, an inversion spectral photoelectrochemical method was proposed, the essence of which is preliminary electroconcentration of the elements under investigation in the cathode potential region and subsequent measurement of the spectral photoelectrochemical characteristics of electroconcentration products. It has been found that in solutions of 1M ammonium acetate containing Cu2+ ions, the cathodic polarization of TiO2-based photoelectrode leads to the appearance of a cathode photocurrent and the values of photocurrent quantum yield increase with increasing content of copper ions in the solution. The spectral sensitivity of the surface layer corresponds to the absorption spectrum of Cu2O. The sensitivity of stripping voltammetry method to copper Cu (II) using the materials studied was 0.3 mg•l-1. It is shown that the inversion photoelectrochemical method is promising in the selective determination of copper concentration in liquids.

A Brief Review on Genotoxic impurities in Pharmaceuticals

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Ashok B. Patel ◽  
Ashish H. Asnani ◽  
Amitkumar J. Vyas ◽  
Nilesh K. Patel ◽  
Ajay I. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Genotoxic Impurities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Almost All

Genotoxic impurities (GTIs) in pharmaceuticals are increasing concern to pharmaceutical industries due to their potential for human carcinogenicity. The literature currently lacks the Guidance for the analytical determination of diverse classes of GTIs. This review article provides brief information regarding Genotoxic impurity (GTI), its sources, their classification, and existing regulatory approaches to control Genotoxic impurities in Pharmaceuticals, also information regarding different types of GTI and examples of each class. It is very difficult for researchers to detect GTI at Trace level so the detection method is also given in the chart, almost all the GTI are Mutagenic but as shown in Nitrosamines it is Mutagenic and its carcinogenicity is also proved but there are no such strong evidence and literature which shows genotoxicity. So, it is included as Mutagenic & carcinogenic. Different Control strategies to control Genotoxicity are also discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of Monensin, Narasin, and Salinomycin in Mineral Premixes, Supplements, and Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography and Post-Column Derivatization: Collaborative Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Campbell ◽  
Gita Nayeri ◽  
J M Costa ◽  
J deJong ◽  
I Felgueiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Medicated Feeds ◽  
Reversed Phase Lc ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the analysis of monensin, narasin, and salinomycin in mineral premixes, supplements, and complete animal feeds at medicating and trace levels was collaboratively studied. The method uses methanolwater (90 + 10) extraction with mechanical shaking for 1 h, filtration, and dilution if necessary. Determination of the 3 ionophores is by reversed-phase LC using post-column derivatization with vanillin and detection at 520 nm. Suspect positive trace-level products and medicated feeds containing unexpected ionophores are confirmed by hexane extraction or post-column derivatization with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB). Twenty-five test samples of medicated feeds, supplements, and mineral and drug premixes, and 9 test samples for trace-level analysis were sent to 11 collaborators in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Portugal, France, The Netherlands, United States, and Canada. Acceptable results were received from 10 laboratories. For the medicated complete feeds, supplements, and mineral premixes, RSDr values (within-laboratory repeatability) ranged from 2.5 to 5.2%, RSDR values (among-laboratory reproducibility) ranged from 2.7 to 6.8%, and HorRat values ranged from 0.31 to 1.30. For the drug premixes, the result variability was excessive and HorRat values ranged from 2.27 to 14.1. For the trace-level test samples, all laboratories correctly identified the analytes and did not report any false positives. RSDr values ranged from 1.3 to 9.5%, RSDR values ranged from 5.2 to 13.1%, and HorRat values ranged from 0.4 to 0.97.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CU(II) CONCENTRATION IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM USING INVERSION ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Vera Vorobets ◽  
Gennadii Kolbasov ◽  
Sergii Fomanyuk ◽  
Nataliia Smirnova ◽  
Oksana Linnik
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Background Solution ◽  
Ammonium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Method ◽  
Determination Of Copper

Electrode materials based on titanium dioxide modified with zinc ions and gold nanoparticles, synthesized by sol-gel method, were used to determine the concentration of Cu (II) in liquids by stripping voltammetry method. Determination of Cu (II) was done using background solutions based on 0.4 M formic acid and ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 7.5) using the standard addition method with a potential scanning speed of 50 mV•s-1. The solution was stirred during the preliminary electrolysis at a potential of -1400 mV (vs silver-chloride reference electrode) for 120 seconds and then the potential was scanned from -1200 mV to + 200 mV. It is shown that the background solution based on ammonium acetate buffer provides a higher sensitivity and a good selectivity of peaks for the determination of copper compared to the background solution based on formic acid. Determined that value of the analytical signal of copper in the studied model solutions based on ammonium acetate and formic acid is proportional to the concentration of copper ions in the solution. To increase the selectivity of stripping voltammetry method in determining copper concentrations in solutions, an inversion spectral photoelectrochemical method was proposed, the essence of which is preliminary electroconcentration of the elements under investigation in the cathode potential region and subsequent measurement of the spectral photoelectrochemical characteristics of electroconcentration products. It has been found that in solutions of 1M ammonium acetate containing Cu2+ ions, the cathodic polarization of TiO2-based photoelectrode leads to the appearance of a cathode photocurrent and the values of photocurrent quantum yield increase with increasing content of copper ions in the solution. The spectral sensitivity of the surface layer corresponds to the absorption spectrum of Cu2O. The sensitivity of stripping voltammetry method to copper Cu (II) using the materials studied was 0.3 mg•l-1. It is shown that the inversion photoelectrochemical method is promising in the selective determination of copper concentration in liquids.

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