A systematic Review of Aloe vera and its Properties

Aloe vera is one of the oldest medicinal plant ever known, commonly known as Ghrit Kumari. It is well known for its therapeutic potential. Some of its beneficial effects include anticancer, hypoglycemic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, burn healing properties. Phytochemistry of Aloe vera gel has revealed presence of bioactive chemicals. In this review paper, properties of Aloe vera, its composition, its beneficial effects and pharmaceutical uses, its application in foods and cosmetics etc. have been summarized.

Emulgel: A Review

Emulgel systems are currently attention to the pharmaceutical sectors because of their substantial potential to act as drug delivery vehicle by incorporating a broad range of drug molecules and higher stability compared to the other dosage form like cream, lotion, gel, etc. Emulsions are either available in an oil in water or water in oil type. These are prepared by the incorporation of the emulsion into the gel with constant stirring at a moderate speed. Incorporation of emulsion into a gel makes it a dual control release system, thereby, increasing its stability. It has better drug release if we compare to other topical drug delivery system. It is non greasy because of the presence of gel phase which enhances patient compliance. Gels has a major limitation for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs, so to overcome this limitation an emulsion based approach is being used so that even a hydrophobic therapeutic drug can enjoy the unique properties of gels. In recent years, these have also been a great interest in the use of novel polymers. These emulgels are having major advantages on vesicular drug delivery systems as well as on conventional systems in various aspects. Various permeation enhancers can enhance the effect; due to this emulgels can be used as better topical drug delivery systems over current drug delivery systems. The emulsion can be use for analgesics and antifungal drugs.

Chemical Composition of Gmelina arborea: A Review

Gmelina arborea is a fast-growing tree, which grows on different localities and prefers moist fertile valleys with 750–4500 mm rainfall. It does not thrive on ill-drained soils and remains stunted on dry, sandy or poor soils; drought also reduces it to a shrubby form. The tree attains moderate to large heights of up to 30 m, with a girth of 1.2 to 4 m. It has a chlorophyll layer just under the outer bark, which is pale yellow on the outside and white inside.Gmelina arborea wood is pale yellow to cream-coloured or pinkish-buff when fresh, turning yellowish brown on exposure and is soft to moderately hard, light to moderately heavy, lustrous when fresh, usually straight to irregular or rarely wavy grained and medium course textured. Flowering takes place during February to April when the tree is more or less leafless whereas fruiting starts from May onwards up to June. The fruit is up to 2.5 cm long, smooth, dark green, turning yellow when ripe and has a fruity smell. The fruit is edible and has a bitter-sweet taste.4 This tree is commonly planted as a garden and an avenue tree; growing in villages along agricultural land and on village community lands and wastelands. It is light demander, tolerant of excessive drought, but moderately frost hardy. It has good capacity to recover from frost injury. Gamhar trees coppices very well with vigorous growth. Saplings and young plants need protection from deer and cattle. Gmelina arborea grows naturally throughout India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and in southern provinces of China

Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Self Nano Emulsifying drug delivery System of Olanzapine to Enhance Aqueous Solubility and Dissolution Rate

Present research work was aimed to enhance aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of olanzapine by solid self nano emulsifying drug delivery system(S-SNEDDS). Olanzapine is a BCS class II drug having 65% oral bioavailability; it is used in the treatment of psychosis, depression and mania conditions. Oils, Surfactants, Co surfactants were selected depending upon the saturated solubility of olanzapine in those components; excipients were screened depending on olanzapine solubility in various oils, surfactants and co surfactants. Surfactant: co surfactant {Smix} ratios i.e., 3:1 and 4:1 were prepared to determine nano emulsion regions and also to formulate liquid self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (L-SNEDDS). Pseudo ternary phase diagram were plotted by using Triplot version 4.1.2 software, nano emulsion region was determined and evaluated. Formulations were designed based on saturated solubility of olanzapine and Pseudo ternary phase diagram using various ratios of oils [Capryol 90], surfactants [Kolliphor EL], co surfactants [Lauroglycol 90] depending on its solubility and nano emulsion formation four formulations were developed which are further selected for characterisation of L-SNEDDS like robustness to dilution, self emulsification, determination of droplet size, PDI, Drug loading efficacy, zeta potential and also Invitro drug release. Among those four formulations, F1 (SB184J 4:6) was optimum because compared to other three formulations F3 gave best results in terms of droplet size (66nm) with PDI (0.24), Invitro drug release, dissolution rate of F1 SNEDDS having (88.201± 0.25%). Invitro drug release of F1 formulation was compared with that of Olanzapine [API] (45.281± 0.52%) the results indicating that there is a increase in solubility and dissolution rate of olanzapine by 2.2 times more compared to pure olanzapine (API). F1 (SB184J 4:6) were converted into S-SNEDDS by adsorption process by addition porous carriers (Aerosil 200). Formulated S-SNEDDS were undergone various evaluation parameters and also reconstitution parameters to determine Droplet size and Invitro drug release of solid F1 (SB184J4:6) formulation. The results of present study demonstrates that olanzapine SNEDDS has an ability and potential to enhance solubility and dissolution rate.

Acute Toxicity study of Synthesized drug and Herbal Product

Acute toxicity study describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time. Whenever an investigator administered a chemical substance or herbal drug to a biological system different types of interactions can occur and a series of dose-related responses result. In most cases these responses are desired and useful, but there are a number of other effects which are not advantageous. These may or may not be harmful to the patient. Acute toxicity study is involved in estimation of LD50. Also it determines the therapeutic index i.e ratio between the lethal dose and the pharmacologically effective dose in the same strain and species. This article Review the methods so for utilized for the determination of acute toxicity.

A Review on Covid 19 Pandemic and its Global Effects

The novel Corona Virus Disease popularly known as COVID-19 brought all sectors to a temporary standstill since its first outbreak in Wuhan China in 2019. The rapid spread of this disease to all countries of the world made it to be declared a pandemic by the world health organization in the first quarter of the year 2020. This pandemic exposed the world population to the understanding of immunity since that was the only remedy at present to this new pandemic. The morbidity and mortality of this new virus were estimated across the globe by many institutions and organizations. The tropical regions where malaria epidemic is more pronounced is less affected by COVID-19 probably due to high immunity already developed by the population as a result of frequent malaria disease and regular use of anti-malarial drug.

Relugolix is the first and currently only Orally-Administered GnRH Receptor Antagonist Approved for the treatment of Prostate Cancer: A Review

Relugolix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist used in the treatment of several hormone-responsive conditions. It was first approved in Japan in 2019, under the brand name Relumina, for the symptomatic treatment of uterine fibroids, and more recently by the United States' FDA in 2020, under the brand name Orgovyx, for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Relugolix has also been studied in the symptomatic treatment of endometriosis. Relugolix is the first (and currently only) orally-administered GnRH receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of prostate cancer-similar therapies such as degarelix require subcutaneous administration-and therefore provides a less burdensome therapeutic option for patients who might otherwise require clinic visits for administration by healthcare professionals.In addition to its relative ease-of-use, relugolix was shown to be superior in the depression of testosterone levels when compared to leuprolide, another androgen deprivation therapy used in the treatment of prostate cancer1,2

Review on Enhydra Fluctuans

Medicinal plants have played an important role since ancient times in treating various kinds of diseases. Increased drug resistance and side effects of pharmaceutical drugs have led to more research-based study on traditionally available plants. Enhydra fluctuans is one such plant which is available abundantly in India especially in the North-Eastern states. It has immense potential as a medicinal plant and also has many beneficial effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, hepatoprotective and even neuropharmacological effects. These activities can be attributed mainly to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols and carbohydrates. The aim of this paper is to summarize the importance of this plant possessing potent medicinal value and the research work being carried out till now.

Analgesic activity of Hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera leaves on animal model

Achyranthes aspera L. (Family: Amaranthaceae) is widely used as a medicinal plant. The hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves was screened for its analgesic activity. The dose (200 mg/kg) was tested for analgesic activity using hot plate and Tail flick test in albino mice. The hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves showed maximum analgesic activity in hot plate at reaction time 120 min (7.40±0.08) and tail flick method at reaction time 120 min (6.9±0.06). These study suggest that the hydroalcholic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. could be considered as potential analgesic agent.

Synthesis and Characterization of calcium Starch: A New Controlled Release Polymer for floating tablets of Losartan Potassium

Losartan potassium is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). The present study was aimed to prepare a floating drug delivery system to design a controlled release oral dosage form of Losartan potassium. This helps to overcome the demerit of limited residence time of the drug in the gastrointestinal track and hence to increase the duration of release. Hence objective of the present study is to develop Losartan potassium floating tablets by direct compression method using calcium starch as release retarding polymer. The calcium starch was synthesized by gelatinizing potato starch in the presence of sodium hydroxide and cross linking by treatment with calcium chloride. The micromeritic properties studies indicated that calcium starch is a promising pharmaceutical excipient in tablets. Floating tablets of Losartan potassium was formulated by direct compression technique, using different concentration of calcium starch and compared with HPMC K-100 as release retard polymer. As the amount of calcium starch in the tablet increased, the drug release decreased. The formulation F5 containing 125 mg calcium starch showed better controlled release of 76.38% after 12 hours.