scholarly journals XRF Analysis of Aegle marmelos Leaves of Semi Arid Region of Kachchh

Author(s):  
Vijay R. Ram ◽  
Pravin N. Ram ◽  
Taslimahemad T. Khatri ◽  
Pragnesh N. Dave

The objective of the present investigation was to study the chemical composition of leaves of Aegle marmelos is a species of tree native to India growing in semi-arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The leaves of Aegle marmelos were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were analyzed for different mineral composition. As the X-ray Fluorescence is one of the most reliable and accurate, as well as it is also a consistent and non-destructive method for analysis of major and trace elements using a single pressed pellet. During the study it was found that Calcium, Chlorine, Potassium, Magnesium, Silicon, Sulfur, Aluminum, Phosphorus were noted in higher amounts, compared to that of other elements like Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Copper, Zink, Bromide, Rubidium, Strontium, Stannous, Lead, whereas the elements which were not detected in leaves of Aegle marmelos are Cobalt, Arsenic, Hafnium, Vanadium, Platinum, Titanium, Chromium and Tantalum.

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Vijay R. Ram ◽  
Mani G. Patel ◽  
Pravin N. Ram ◽  
Taslimahemad T. Khatri ◽  
Pragnesh N. Dave

The objective of the present investigation was to study the chemical composition of stem of Pongamia pinnata is a species of tree native to India growing in semi-arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The stem of Pongamia pinnata were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were analyzed for different mineral composition. As the X-ray Fluorescence is one of the most reliable and accurate, as well as it is also a consistent and non-destructive method for analysis of major and trace elements using a single pressed pellet. During the study it was found that Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Silicon, Sulfur, Aluminum, Phosphorus were noted in higher amounts, compared to that of other elements like Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Copper, Zink, Bromide, Rubidium, Strontium, Stannous, whereas the elements which were not detected in stem of Pongamia pinnata are Titanium, Cobalt, Hafnium and Tantalum.


2014 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Pravin N. Ram ◽  
Vijay Ram ◽  
Taslimahemad T. Khatri ◽  
Suhas J. Vyas ◽  
Pragnesh N. Dave

The objective of the present investigation was to study the chemical composition of leaves of Carica papaya belonging to family Caricaceae growing in semi-arid region of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India. The leaves of C. papaya were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were analyzed for different mineral composition. As the X-ray Fluorescence is one of the most reliable and accurate, as well as it is also a consistent and non-destructive method for analysis of major and trace elements using a single pressed pellet. During the study it was found that Oxygen, Calcium, Magnessium, Potassium were noted in higher amounts, compared to that of other elements like Silicon, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Chloride, Strontium, Stanous, Aluminium, Cromium and Mangenese, whereas the elements which were not detected in leaves of C. papaya are Vanadium, Titanium, Cobalt and Tantalum.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adonai Felipe Pereira de Lima Silva ◽  
Jonas Otaviano Praça de Souza

A região semiárida do nordeste brasileiro é caracterizada por apresentar em sua maioria rios intermitentes e índice de aridez inferior a 0,5, sendo também a região semiárida mais populosa do mundo. O déficit hídrico constitui um problema, assim como a necessidade de desenvolvimento de planejamentos ambientais voltados para o monitoramento e gestão da qualidade dos recursos hídricos nessa região. Nesse sentido, a análise dos sedimentos ganha importância, por ser destino final dos metais pesados poluentes e dos sais solúveis contidos nas águas subterrâneas ou superficiais. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa consistiu em analisar as características geoquímicas e mineralógicas dos depósitos aluviais da Bacia Riacho do Tigre - PB, utilizando as técnicas de Fluorescência de Raios X (FRX) e Difração de Raios X (DRX), onde foram coletadas amostras de cinco pontos de análise. Os resultados indicaram que a maior variedade de minerais identificados corresponde ao trecho 1 e principalmente ao trecho 3, sendo único ponto onde houve identificação de metal pesado, o crômio. Os trechos 2 e 4 obtiveram predominância absoluta de minerais compostos essencialmente por óxido de silício, como o quartzo e seus polimorfos tridimita (no trecho 2) e cristobalita (no trecho 4). No trecho 5 a sílica corresponde somente ao quartzo e também foi possível identificar outro mineral, que é a magnetita, apesar de apresentar pico de difração com baixa intensidade. Os minerais identificados coincidem com as características geológicas, litoestratigráficas e litológicas da bacia Riacho do Tigre.Palavras-chave: Terras secas; Geoquímica ambiental; Depósitos Aluviais. GEOCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OF ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS IN THE RIACHO DO TIGRE BASIN, SEMI-ARID REGION OF THE PARAÍBA Abstract: The water deficit in the Brazilian semi-arid region is a problem both in terms of economics and concerning water quality and human health. In this sense, sediment analysis gains importance for environmental planning, as it is the final destination of polluting heavy metals and soluble salts contained in groundwater or surface water. This research consisted of the geochemical and mineralogical analysis of the alluvial deposits of the Riacho do Tigre Basin - PB, such as the variety and occurrence of specific chemical and mineral elements identified in the samples, using the techniques of X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Samples were collected from five points of analysis, selected by the proximity of the alluvial section with shallow wells used by the local community, considering the possibility of contamination of the aquifer by sediment in different units. The results indicated that the widest variety of minerals on sections 1, and 3, the only point with traces of heavy metal, chromium. On sections 2 and 4 showed a predominance of silicon oxide minerals, such as quartz, tridymite (in section 2) and cristobalite (in section 4). In section 5, silica corresponds only to quartz, and it was also possible to identify another mineral, which is magnetite, despite having a diffraction peak with low intensity. The identified minerals coincide with the lithological characteristics of the Riacho do Tigre basin.Keywords: Dryland; Environmental Geochemistry; Alluvial Deposits.GEOQUÍMICA Y MINERALOGÍA DE DEPÓSITOS ALUVIALES EN LA CUENCA DEL RIACHO DO TIGRE, REGIÓN SEMIÁRIDA DE PARAÍBA Resumen: El déficit de agua en la región semiárida brasileña es un problema tanto en términos económicos como en relación con la calidad del agua y la salud humana. En este sentido, el análisis de sedimentos cobra importancia para la planificación ambiental, ya que es el destino final de los metales pesados contaminantes y las sales solubles contenidos en las aguas subterráneas o superficiales. Así, la presente investigación consistió en analizar las características geoquímicas y mineralógicas de los depósitos aluviales de la Cuenca del Riacho do Tigre - PB, como la variedad y ocurrencia de ciertos elementos químicos y minerales identificados en las muestras, utilizando técnicas de Fluorescencia de Rayos X (FRX) y Difracción de Rayos X (XRD). Se recolectaron muestras de cinco puntos de análisis, que tuvieron como criterio de selección la proximidad del tramo aluvial con pozos poco profundos utilizados por la comunidad local, dada la posibilidad de contaminación del acuífero vía sedimento en diferentes unidades. Los resultados indicaron que la mayor variedad de minerales identificados corresponde al tramo 1 y principalmente al tramo 3, siendo el único punto donde se identificó el metal pesado, el cromo. Los tramos 2 y 4 tuvieron un predominio absoluto de minerales compuestos esencialmente por óxido de silicio, como el cuarzo y sus polimorfos tridimita (en la sección 2) y cristobalita (en la sección 4). En la sección 5, la sílice corresponde solo al cuarzo y también se pudo identificar otro mineral, que es la magnetita, a pesar de tener un pico de difracción de baja intensidad. Los minerales identificados coinciden con las características geológicas, litoestratigráficas y litológicas de la cuenca del Riacho do Tigre.Palabras clave: Secano; Geoquímica ambiental; Depósitos aluviales.


Author(s):  
Takoua Ben Hlel ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Fatih Gül ◽  
Muhammed Altun ◽  
Ayşe Şahin Yağlıoğlu ◽  
...  

Background:: Luffa cylindrica is a plant that is widely distributed in Africa and Asia and it can be grown in regions with tropical or subtropical climates. Few patents dealt with Loofah biological properties, including some functional foods formulated from its leaves. Objective:: This study aimed to structurally and functionally characterize the bioactive compounds of L. cylindrica leaves grown in two different environments. Methods:: The extracts of L. cylindrica leaves collected from two Tunisian locations: Essouasi (LE), a semi-arid region and Medenine (LM) an arid region, were investigated for their phenolic compounds and fatty acids using HPLC/TOF-MS and GCMS techniques respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated with DPPH, Chelating effect, Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide anion scavenging activities while the anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was assessed using xCELLigence real time cell analyzer and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. Results:: The antiproliferative capacity of both extracts was time and dose-dependent with LE presenting the lowest HeLa cell index (CI = 0.035 ± 0.018, 250 μg/ml). LE also showed the best cytotoxic capacity (56.49 ± 0.8%) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 54.41 ± 1.12 μg/ml for DPPH and 12.12 ± 0.07 μg/ml for chelating effet). 14 phenolic compounds were detected in LE with ferulic acid being the major compound (5128.5 ± 4.09 μg Phenols/g) while LM had only 6 phenolics. GCMS analysis showed the presence of omega-3 fatty acids in LE. Conclusions:: Our findings suggest that L. cylindrica leaves, especially when collected from semi-arid regions, are promising for formulating nutraceuticals of interest.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
pp. 146500
Author(s):  
Ajit T. Singh ◽  
C.M. Laluraj ◽  
Parmanand Sharma ◽  
B.L. Redkar ◽  
Lavkush Kumar Patel ◽  
...  

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