scholarly journals The Dimerization Effects of Some Solutes on the Partition Coefficient kD in Binary Immiscible Solvents

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Veronica O. Onyeocha ◽  
O.D. Akpan ◽  
Ikejiofor A. Onuchukwu ◽  
Maduabuchi A. Chidiebere
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Binary Solvents ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Dimerization Constant

The dimerization of a solute dissolved in binary immiscible solvents shows that the value of the partition coefficient, kD of the solutes are influenced by the dimerization constant, K of the solute in one of the solvents according to the description: (C_X^A)/(C_X^B ) = kD + 2kD2KCxB where CxA and CxB are the concentrations of the solute x in the solvents A and B respectively. Both kD and K are parameters that predict the extent of beneficiation for most minerals. Also, kD is a fundamental parameter that determines the extent of solute recovery during solvent extraction. In this study, it is found that the order K kD and K kD are the effects for acetic and succinic acids respectively in the binary solvents composed of carbon tetrachloride/water and diethylether/water systems respectively. These results suggest that the distributions of these solutes in the solvents are accompanied by the formation of succinic anhydride which is more favoured than the dimerization of the acetic acid. Also, the changes in the values of distribution enthalpies, HD are corroborated to explain these experimental observations.

A new method for the preparation of peroxymonophosphoric acid

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Zhu ◽  
Hou-min Chang ◽  
John F Kadla
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
New Method ◽  
Phosphorous Pentoxide ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Peroxy Acids

A new method for the preparation of peroxymonophosphoric acid (H3PO5) has been developed. It utilizes a biphasic solution to moderate the vigorous reaction between phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). P2O5 is suspended in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and concentrated H2O2 is slowly added while being vigorously stirred at low temperature. Careful control of the reaction temperature through the slow addition of H2O2 is critical. Using typical preparation conditions (P2O5:H2O2 = 0.5:1, H2O2 70 wt %, 2°C, 120–180 min), ~70% of the H2O2 is effectively converted to H3PO5. Increasing the concentration of H2O2, as well as the mole ratio of P2O5:H2O2, leads to an even higher % conversion of H2O2 to H3PO5. The addition of glacial acetic acid to the P2O5:H2O2 suspension at the end of the 120–180 min reaction (P2O5:H2O2:CH3COOH = 0.5:1:0.3) leads to the formation of peracetic acid in addition to H3PO5, and to an overall increase in the conversion ratio of total peroxy acids based on H2O2 (>95%).Key words: peroxymonophosphoric acid, synthesis, stability, conversion ratio.

Base strengths in acetic acid-chlorohydrocarbon binary solvents

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orland W. Kolling
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Binary Solvents

Infrared Study of Acetic Acid Solutions in CCl4

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Malijevská ◽  
Martin Polášek
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Standard State ◽  
Infrared Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Linear Dimer

Spectra of acetic acid solutions in carbon tetrachloride were taken at room temperature over the concentration range 0.025-0.00125 mol dm-3. Solutions of acetic acid were modelled as an ideal mixture of monomers, and cyclic and linear dimers. Regression analysis effected separation of the experimental envelope into its component bands. Band shapes were approximated by a Lorenzian function with the resolved band peak frequencies 1 712 cm-1 for the cyclic dimer, 1 724 cm-1 for the linear dimer and 1 765 cm-1 for the acetic acid monomer. Mean values of equilibrium constants for the standard state of unit concentration are 2 700 for the cyclic and 393 for the linear dimer, respectively.

Excess Gibbs energy for binary mixtures of acetonitrile with acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and trimethylacetic acid

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2117-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Banipal ◽  
B. S. Lark ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Excess Gibbs Energy ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Dimerization Constant

Total vapour pressures for binary mixtures containing acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and trimethylacetic acid with acetonitrile have been measured for the entire composition range at 298.15 and 318.15 K using a static manometric method. All systems show positive deviations from Raoult's law, enhanced by both an increase in temperature and an increase in the methylation of acetic acid. Activity coefficients have been calculated by taking into consideration the dimerization of these carboxylic acids in the vapour phase. TSE values obtained from GE and earlier reported HE values are found to be negative for acetic acid, about zero for propionic and isobutyric acids, and positive for trimethylacetic acid for the whole composition range. The results have been interpreted in terms of various contributions such as depolymerization, heteromolecular dipole–dipole interactions, and the increasing dimerization constant and steric hindrance with increase of complexity of the acid. Key words: excess Gibbs energy, carboxylic acids, acetonitrile, activity coefficients

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