scholarly journals Le rôle des institutions culturelles et des missions à Ľ étranger dans la circulation des idées géographiques. Ľ exemple de la carrière de Pierre Deffontaines (1894-1978)

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (65) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Delfosse
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
French Culture ◽  
Travel Abroad ◽  
Foreign Universities

THE PLACE OF CULTURAL POLICY ABROAD IN THE CIRCULATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL IDEAS: THE CASE OF THE CAREER OF PIERRE DEFFONTAINES (1894-1978). Between the two world wars, France reinforced its cultural policy abroad. Many French Institutes were founded, particularly in the coutries of the "Petit Entente" and in Latin America. These institutes were located near foreign universities which helped French Scholars travel abroad. Pierre Deffontaines (1894-1978) is significant in this respect, as most of his carrer took place abroad. Thanks to the two main successive positions which he held - one in France at the Catholic Faculties of Lille (1924-1939), the other in Spain as the director of the French Institute of Barcelona (1939-1964) - he travelled extensively abroad, particularly in the Americas: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Québec. He may have been the French geographer who was the best known abroad and who promoted the largest number of geography departments and associations in various places. As a disciple of Jean Brunhes, he succeeded in associating the promotion of French culture to the promotion of geography.

scholarly journals A Conversation between Chinese Artists and Mexican Painter David Alfaro Siqueiros

ARTMargins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Feng Xiangsheng
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Socialist Art ◽  
Painting Techniques

In October 1956, the Mexican muralist David Siqueiros traveled Beijing and engaged in two dialogues with artists from the Chinese Artists’ Association. His visit came at an inflection point in China’s foreign and cultural policy. As Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, China used cultural diplomacy to cultivate relationships with unaligned countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. China’s cultural policy mirrored this shift by relaxing its adherence to Soviet-style Socialist Realism and promoting new stylistic practices, including a revival of ink painting techniques. This policy shift re-animated a debate among Chinese artists over the best mode of representation for socialist art, with one side arguing that Soviet-style Socialist Realism was the only acceptable style, and the other advocating for the reform of Chinese ink painting techniques. Within this context, Siqueiros’s criticism of Soviet artists and his advice to follow Chinese stylistic traditions set off a rich discussion on new approaches to Socialist Realism within China.

scholarly journals Introduction to “A Conversation between Chinese Artists and Mexican Painter David Alfaro Siqueiros”

ARTMargins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Jing Cao
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
Socialist Art ◽  
Painting Techniques

In October 1956, the Mexican muralist David Siqueiros traveled Beijing and engaged in two dialogues with artists from the Chinese Artists’ Association. His visit came at an inflection point in China’s foreign and cultural policy. As Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, China used cultural diplomacy to cultivate relationships with unaligned countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. China’s cultural policy mirrored this shift by relaxing its adherence to Soviet-style Socialist Realism and promoting new stylistic practices, including a revival of ink painting techniques. This policy shift re-animated a debate among Chinese artists over the best mode of representation for socialist art, with one side arguing that Soviet-style Socialist Realism was the only acceptable style, and the other advocating for the reform of Chinese ink painting techniques. Within this context, Siqueiros’s criticism of Soviet artists and his advice to follow Chinese stylistic traditions set off a rich discussion on new approaches to Socialist Realism within China.

Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)

2010 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Magun ◽  
M. Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Fourth Round

The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.

scholarly journals Trends and dynamics of material and energy flows in an urban context: a case study of a city with an emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Latin America in Global History: An Historiographic Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (60) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Olstein
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
World History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Global History ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Ice Age ◽  
Great Divergence

Abstract World history can be arranged into three major regional divergences: the 'Greatest Divergence' starting at the end of the last Ice Age (ca. 15,000 years ago) and isolating the Old and the New Worlds from one another till 1500; the 'Great Divergence' bifurcating the paths of Europe and Afro-Asia since 1500; and the 'American Divergence' which divided the fortunes of New World societies from 1500 onwards. Accordingly, all world regions have confronted two divergences: one disassociating the fates of the Old and New Worlds, and the other within either the Old or the New World. Latin America is in the uneasy position that in both divergences it ended up on the 'losing side.' As a result, a contentious historiography of Latin America evolved from the very moment that it was incorporated into the wider world. Three basic attitudes toward the place of Latin America in global history have since emerged and developed: admiration for the major impact that the emergence on Latin America on the world scene imprinted on global history; hostility and disdain over Latin America since it entered the world scene; direct rejection of and head on confrontation in reaction the former. This paper examines each of these three attitudes in five periods: the 'long sixteenth century' (1492-1650); the 'age of crisis' (1650-1780); 'the long nineteenth century' (1780-1914); 'the short twentieth century' (1914-1991); and 'contemporary globalization' (1991 onwards).

scholarly journals The face of the other: the particular versus the individual

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-313
Author(s):  
Claire Farago
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Spain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ethnographic Image

Abstract Five interrelated case studies from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries develop the dynamic contrast between portraiture and pictorial genres newly invented in and about Latin America that do not represent their subjects as individuals despite the descriptive focus on the particular. From Jean de Léry’s genre-defining proto-ethnographic text (1578) about the Tupinamba of Brazil to the treatment of the Creole upper class in New Spain as persons whose individuality deserves to be memorialized in contrast to the Mestizaje, African, and Indian underclass objectified as types deserving of scientific study, hierarchical distinctions between portraiture and ethnographic images can be framed in historical terms around the Aristotelian categories of the universal, the individual, and the particular. There are also some intriguing examples that destabilize these inherited distinctions, such as Puerto Rican artist José Campeche’s disturbing and poignant image of a deformed child, Juan Pantaléon Aviles, 1808; and an imaginary portrait of Moctezuma II, c. 1697, based on an ethnographic image, attributed to the leading Mexican painter Antonio Rodriguez. These anomalies serve to focus the study on the hegemonic position accorded to the viewing subject as actually precarious and unstable, always ripe for reinterpretation at the receiving end of European culture.

scholarly journals Embryonic dormancy in seeds of Bactris gasipaes Kunth (peach-palm)

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Nazário ◽  
Sidney Alberto do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo Euclydes de Lima Borges
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Embryonic Dormancy

Abstract: Bactris gasipaes is a domesticated palm whose fruits are of great importance for the Amazonian people and whose heart of palm is also receiving economic interest in other brazilian and Latin America regions. The aim of this study was verify embryonic dormancy and its correlation with first cataphyll emergence in B. gasipaes seeds collected from four plants at Manaus city and four others at Coari city, both in the Amazonas state, Brazil. After extraction and cleaning, some of the seeds (4 replications of 25 per plant) were sown in a seedbed with a sawdust and sand mixture as substrate, and embryos (4 replications of 10 per plant), after extraction, were inoculated into half strength Murashige and Skoog cultures. Were used 100 seeds and 40 embryo per treatment. Whole seed and embryo germination varied between the different source plants and locations, with the greatest difference observed for the emergence of first cataphyll from seeds in the seedbed. For the most part of variables, results of seed and embryo were positively associated, namely, as one went up the other also, and vice versa. These results suggesting that, at least in part, seed dormancy in Bactris gasipaes is associated with embryonic dormancy.

Payments for environmental services and rural livelihood strategies in Ecuador and Guatemala

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS SOUTHGATE ◽  
TIMOTHY HAAB ◽  
JOHN LUNDINE ◽  
FABIÁN RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Individual Strategies

ABSTRACTPresented in this paper are the results of two contingent valuation analyses, one undertaken in Ecuador and the other in Guatemala, of potential payments for environmental services (PES) directed toward rural households. We find that minimum compensation demanded by these households is far from uniform, depending in particular on individual strategies for raising incomes and dealing with risks. Our findings strengthen the case for allowing conservation payments to vary among recipients, which would be a departure from the current norm for PES initiatives in Latin America.

scholarly journals Truth and reconciliation: Yes, please! No, thank you!

Temida ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Kesic
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hague

The case of former Yugoslavia and its successors is specific and a bit different from the other post-conflict societies. First, retributive model of justice is carried out, or it should be carried out, before the International Criminal Tribunal in the Hague. The question is how to start the process of searching for the truth and reconciliation inside and between societies, groups and individuals in newly established countries. There is no such a model in the world, like these in South Africa and some countries in Latin America, which can be applied here, because in this case we are talking about five states, from which at least three were in the war. Also, the character of these conflicts covers the diapason from international conflicts to internal aggression and civil war.

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