scholarly journals Trends and dynamics of material and energy flows in an urban context: a case study of a city with an emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Trends and dynamics in material and energy flows analysis in an urban context. A case study of a city with an emerging economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso ◽  
Angelo Faccini ◽  
Alexander Cotte
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and this trend of the rapid urbanization of the population affects the increase in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability it is important to know the trends of the flows of energy and materials that enter and leave the city. This knowledge is essential to recognize key elements characterizing the future urban growth and to be able to face supply challenges in the future. This paper presents the analysis of the flows of energy and materials (urban metabolism) in the city of Bogotá, covering a time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to the population growth, in order to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city.Results: The results of the analysis are also compared with other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide, highlighting similarities and inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flow in recent years, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the metabolic flows with respect to the population growth are lower, in particular when compared with the other urban agglomeration of Latin America.Conclusions: The findings of this study are important to advance the characterization of the trends in material and energy flow in the city and contribute to the consolidation of a baseline that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy that promotes the sustainability of the city in the coming decades.

Urbanization and The Dynamics of Change in the Sahel

2021 ◽  
pp. 708-728
Author(s):  
Florence Boyer ◽  
David Lessault
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
School Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
Contemporary Context

Since independence, Sahelian cities have been experiencing continuous and increasingly strong population growth, linked to migration and to an unfinished demographic transition. In contexts of rapid urbanization, facilities, infrastructure, and services (school, health, sanitation, etc.) are deficient, and a transfer of poverty from rural areas to cities takes place. Sahelian cities are also marked by the youthfulness of their populations, and an important area for research are the questions of what the city does to youth, and what youth does to the city. Knowledge of Sahelian cities remains fragmented. If the dynamics and challenges of capitals such as Dakar, Ouagadougou, or Bamako are fairly well known, those of N’Djamena, Niamey, or Nouakchott are less so. There are few studies of small and medium-sized cities, and these are in need of updating in the contemporary context of decentralization. This chapter surveys the state of knowledge of urbanization in the Sahel, and suggests directions for future research.

scholarly journals City-Scale Decarbonization Strategy with Integrated Hydroelectricity-Powered Energy Systems: An Analysis of the Possibilities in Guadalajara, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Esmeralda García Ruíz ◽  
Jorge Alberto Navarro Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Public Policy Decisions ◽  
The City

According to the UN, in the next 20 years, most of the world’s population will live in urban areas. Cities consume a high amount of resources, between this water, for their sustenance, hence the greatest necessity of sustainable development plans. What viable options or strategies can we consider in Latin America such that it can resist the economic, political, and social changes that it is facing? Through prospective studies, in case of Guadalajara, it is possible to determinate how water can generate clean energy, and which are the other strategic areas to empower the city through decarbonization with an interoperative and smart loop system of co-benefits. This study can help in public policy decisions of medium-sized cities in Latin America.

scholarly journals Urban Heat Islands in Bahrain: An Urban Perspective

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Elghonaimy ◽  
Wisam E. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

Cities across the Arab Gulf region, especially those in Bahrain, have undergone a notable transformation by virtue of the rapid urbanization of the region. Thus, the characteristics of these cities have encountered massive transformation. Accordingly, both governmental and non-governmental projects are authorized for collaborative work to meet the accelerating demands resulting from the increase in population in the Kingdom of Bahrain. However, such projects have been neglected due to other crucial environmental issues. For instance, these projects have resulted in excessive carbon dioxide gaseous emissions. Consequently, these cities are left to suffer from disregarded public spaces and a limited percentage of designed urban open spaces. The case in Bahrain can be summarized as suffering from an absence of the three pillars of sustainability. This has been a fertile ground for the emergence of various urban devastations, among which the “Urban Heat Island” phenomenon adversely affects the urban context of the city. This research investigates these problems, offering propositions to control Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in Bahrain. Moreover, it aims to recognize the effect of Green Roof Systems in terms of sustainability in order to mitigate UHIs and reduce the threat of Global Warming.

scholarly journals Redefining space of the contemporary context of the city: Movement and perception as aspects of accessibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Dragana Vasiljevic-Tomic ◽  
Bojana Jerkovic-Babovic ◽  
Ana Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Contemporary Context

The aim of this paper is research of the potential and redefining of space of the contemporary urban context, by recognizing movement and senses as principles of accessibility and affirmation of the neglected values of the city in regard to design aspects. A global context of networking transforms a modern city into processes of busy lifestyle, which neglect diversity and senses. Flows and networking, as the carriers of this context, despite their goal to create a connection between the global and the local and establish equality of all users, generate local separation and segregation, eliminating specific local traits and individual needs, thus neglecting individual units of space, social groups and subjects. The consequences of the city developing in this way are spatial fragments not connected to a network and not defined, and on the other hand neglected in a way that leads to specific environmental and sensory values, which under contemporary conditions propagate subjectivity, different impressions and effects. This spatial potential becomes recognized, distinguished and accessible through design methods and principles of inclusive design. The paper uses the methodology of the subject Access to All, a part of the Master studies programme at the Faculty of Architecture, as well as students? research on the topic of inclusion and equal accessibility of the city?s potential through projects and design.

scholarly journals Destinos Migrantes: Representações Simbólicas, Histórias de Vida e Narrativas

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Cavignac
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Narrative Production ◽  
State Capital ◽  
The City

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que vem sendo desenvolvida desde 1995 sobre a memória e as produções narrativas de migrantes oriundos do interior do Rio Grande do Norte, atualmente residindo na Zona Norte da capital do Estado, Natal. O texto apresenta inicialmente o processo de formação da Zona Norte e os fenômenos migratórios existentes na região, para em seguida analisar as histórias contadas pelos migrantes. Se o corpus narrativo tradicional tende a desaparecer no contexto urbano, novas temáticas surgem. Assim, por meio da análise das produções narrativas dos migrantes, é possível avaliar as transformações da cultura ‘tradicional’. O artigo procura mostrar que a importância dada às chamadas “histórias de antigamente” e as referências a essas narrativas encontradas no discurso dependem da situação das pessoas no novo local de vida. Abstract This article presents the results of a research that has been conducted since 1995 about memory and narrative production of migrants from the backlands of Rio Grande do Norte state now established in the state capital Natal, more specifically in the northern part of the city, the “Zona Norte”. The text initially presents the process of Zona Norte formation and the migratory phenomena of the region, before analysing stories told by the migrants. If the traditional narrative corpus tends to disappear in the urban context, on the other hand new themes emerge. Therefore, through analisys of the migrants narrative production it is possible to evaluate transformations of ‘traditional culture’. The article aims to show that the importance given to the so called “yesterday histories” (“histórias de antigamente”) and the references to these narratives depend of people’s situation in their new locality.

Caring through crime: ethical ambivalence and the cocaine trade in Bissau

Africa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Vigh
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article examines the way young men in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, make sense of and engage in the transnational cocaine trade, which has established itself on the Upper Guinea coast. It describes Guinea-Bissau's emergence as a regional centre for the trafficking of cocaine from Latin America to Europe, and shows how the illegality and volatility of the commerce are socially assessed and valued. The drug connection impacts on the lives of the young men in the city in a variety of ways. While it is seen to have brought with it a range of political and societal insecurities and uncertainties, it is also perceived to offer potential livelihoods and prospects. On the one hand, cocaine is positioned as an ethically dubious commodity; on the other, its revenue and concomitant social effects are seen as morally reasonable and required. The article therefore centres on the ethical dimensions of the trade, as seen from the perspective of the youth in question, and argues that it needs to be understood in terms of situational obligations rather than abstract ideals. It approaches ethics from a relational point of view and shows how the moral evaluation and ascription of the cocaine trade are defined inter-subjectively and understood in relation to social responsibility, care and accountability.

Pengaruh Kotbah, Musik Gereja Dan Fasilitas Gereja Terhadap Tingkat Kehadiran Jemaat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Frederich Oscar Lontoh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
The City

This research is titled " The influence of sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance”. The purpose of research is to identify and analyze whether sermon, church music and church facilities have influence on the the level of attendance. The target population in this study is a Christian church members who live in the city of Surabaya.. Sample required is equal to 47 respondents. Through sampling stratified Random techniques.These influence was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Descriptive  analysis  were taken to analyze the level of attendance according to demographic groups.The hypothesis in this study are the sermon, church music and church facilities have positive and significant on the level of attendance. The results showed that collectively, there are positive and significant correlation among the sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance  96,2%. It means that 96,2 % of level of attendance influenced by sermon, church music and church facilities and the other 28,9% by others. All of the variable partially have significant correlation to level of attendance.

KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This research deals with the development of  self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or  ”Me”  element seen  from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is  portrayed as a girl whose personality  develops and changes drastically from ”Me”  to ”I”. When she was still in the village  l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me”  self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl  no longer controlled by the social customs. She was  firm and determined totake decisions of  her won  for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

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