scholarly journals Molecular characteristics of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA: a novel biomarker for chronic HBV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan D. Valdés, BS ◽  
Zhanglian Xie, MD ◽  
Haitao Guo, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Internal Sequence ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Background and Hypothesis: HBV is a major etiological agent for viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV is a DNA virus per se but viral pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) has been recently found in patient blood. The serum pgRNA is hypothesized to function as a novel biomarker for the activity of HBV covalently- closed-circular DNA (cccDNA), which is the intracellular persistent form of HBV DNA and the template for producing viral proteins responsible for the chronic virulence of HBV. However, the molecular characteristics of serum HBV RNA remains elusive.  Experimental Design and Project Methods: HBV RNA were extracted from patient’s sera. RT-PCR and 3’ RACE were utilized to amplify the internal sequence and 3’ terminus of HBV pgRNA, respectively. The PCR products were gel purified and cloned into T vector for sequencing.   Results: After comparing the sequencing data to the reference HBV sequence, we found that the serum HBV RNA are spliced fragments of the original intracellular full-length pgRNA. The prevalence of the fragmented serum pgRNA was found in greater concentrations in untreated patients, and the ratios of different spliced forms of serum HBV RNA vary during the course of antiviral treatment.  Conclusion and Potential Impact: Our study demonstrated that the serum HBV RNA are spliced/truncated forms of pgRNA, indicating that the RNA-containing virion is noninfectious. The characterization of serum HBV RNA sequence provides important insights into the assay design for serum HBV RNA detection.  Future study will focus on the mechanism underlying the selective egress of spliced pgRNA-containing virus particles. 

Characterization of the immune response to the hepatitis B virus X protein in acute and chronic HBV infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. S182
Author(s):  
M. Levrero ◽  
A. Franco ◽  
E. De Marzio ◽  
C. Balsano ◽  
M.L. Avantaggiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
X Protein ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

scholarly journals Infection and Cancer: The Case of Hepatitis B

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Chan ◽  
Vincent W.S. Wong ◽  
Shukui Qin ◽  
Henry L.Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Common Infections

Infection is a well-described cause of cancer in humans. Being one of the most common infections worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in Asian countries. The etiological link between HBV and HCC provides an important opportunity for health care policy makers and clinicians to intervene with HBV infection to prevent cancer development and improve the outcomes of cancer. This review aims to use HBV as an example to illustrate the potential of tackling infection-related conditions to help improve cancer outcomes. This article is divided into four parts: In the first part, an overview is given on the epidemiologic data and risk factors of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B. In the second part, recent progress on the anti-HBV strategies for preventing HCC is updated. In the third part, approaches to improve the outcomes of established HBV-related HCC are covered. These methods include surveillance strategies to identify asymptomatic HCC among patients with chronic HBV infection, and use of antiviral treatment to avoid HBV reactivation during treatment for HCC and reduce the recurrence of HCC after curative treatment. Finally, the status of the development of targeted drugs specifically for HBV-related HCC is discussed in the section on future development.

scholarly journals Benefits and Risks of Antiviral Treatment during Pregnancy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320
Author(s):  
Yoon Seok Lee ◽  
Soo Min Bang ◽  
Young-Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Meta Analyses

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and can lead to severe liver diseases. The World Health Organization has planned to eliminate viral hepatitis, including hepatitis caused by HBV and hepatitis C virus, by 2030. As mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HBV is a main cause of chronic HBV infection, MTCT prevention is the main target to reduce the risk of chronic HBV infection and eliminate the disease. Recent clinical trials and meta-analyses found that antiviral therapy could prevent MTCT effectively in mothers with ≥200,000 IU/mL of HBV DNA, in combination with serial vaccination and hepatitis B immune globulin administration in infants. Despite the preventive role of antivirals for MTCT of HBV, there are several concerns regarding antiviral therapy with respect to the safety of the mother and fetus during pregnancy. This review summarizes the benefits and risks of antiviral treatment during pregnancy in women with chronic HBV infection.

scholarly journals HBV/HIV Coinfection: Impact on the Development and Clinical Treatment of Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimeng Cheng ◽  
Panpan Lin ◽  
Nansheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
End Stage

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common contributor to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 10% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) also have chronic HBV co-infection, owing to shared transmission routes. HIV/HBV coinfection accelerates the progression of chronic HBV to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, or hepatocellular carcinoma compared to chronic HBV mono-infection. HBV/HIV coinfection alters the natural history of hepatitis B and renders the antiviral treatment more complex. In this report, we conducted a critical review on the epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenesis of liver diseases related to HBV/HIV coinfection. We summarized the novel therapeutic options for these coinfected patients.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of genotype A and D recombinant hepatitis B virus from Indian chronic HBV isolates

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (40) ◽  
pp. 6228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Chauhan ◽  
Syed Naqui Kazim ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Jayashree Bhattacharjee ◽  
Narayanasamy Krishnamoorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Genotype A

scholarly journals Impact of Hepatitis B Virus Genetic Variation, Integration, and Lymphotropism in Antiviral Treatment and Oncogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Keith C.K. Lau ◽  
Kelly W. Burak ◽  
Carla S. Coffin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection poses a significant global health burden. Although, effective treatment and vaccinations against HBV are available, challenges still exist, particularly in the development of curative therapies. The dynamic nature and unique features of HBV such as viral variants, integration of HBV DNA into host chromosomes, and extrahepatic reservoirs are considerations towards understanding the virus biology and developing improved anti-HBV treatments. In this review, we highlight the importance of these viral characteristics in the context of treatment and oncogenesis. Viral genotype and genetic variants can serve as important predictive factors for therapeutic response and outcomes in addition to oncogenic risk. HBV integration, particularly in coding genes, is implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, we will discuss emerging research that has identified various HBV nucleic acids and infection markers within extrahepatic sites (lymphoid cells). Intriguingly, the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated HBV variants and viral integration within the lymphoid cells may contribute towards the development of extrahepatic malignancies. Improved understanding of these HBV characteristics will enhance the development of a cure for chronic HBV infection.

scholarly journals HDV Pathogenesis: Unravelling Ariadne’s Thread

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Eirini D. Tseligka ◽  
Sophie Clément ◽  
Francesco Negro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Liver Decompensation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Super Infection ◽  
Satellite Viruses ◽  
Delta Virus

Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) lies in between satellite viruses and viroids, as its unique molecular characteristics and life cycle cannot categorize it according to the standard taxonomy norms for viruses. Being a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HDV requires HBV envelope glycoproteins for its infection cycle and its transmission. HDV pathogenesis varies and depends on the mode of HDV and HBV infection; a simultaneous HDV and HBV infection will lead to an acute hepatitis that will resolve spontaneously in the majority of patients, whereas an HDV super-infection of a chronic HBV carrier will mainly result in the establishment of a chronic HDV infection that may progress towards cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With this review, we aim to unravel Ariadne’s thread into the labyrinth of acute and chronic HDV infection pathogenesis and will provide insights into the complexity of this exciting topic by detailing the different players and mechanisms that shape the clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among voluntary blood donors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pati Moloko Maindo ◽  
Didier Anzenza Mudwahefa ◽  
Jean-Pierre Kambala Mukendi ◽  
Sylvain Ramazani Yuma ◽  
Jérémie Masidi Muwonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Genotype A

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B represents a major global health problem. Despite the high endemicity of hepatitis B in Sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the molecular characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa, and there are very few published studies that describe the genetic characteristics of HBV in asymptomatic adults in DRC. The present study aimed at determining the molecular diversity of chronic HBV infection in voluntary blood donors in Kinshasa, DRC.MethodsBlood samples from 582 voluntary blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Centre in Kinshasa, DRC, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Partial amplification and sequencing of S gene in HBV-positive samples was conducted.ResultsThe presence of HBsAg was detected in 6.9 % (40/582) blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S gene nucleotide sequences of HBV showed that the majority (66.7 %, 10/15) of HBV strains clustered into genotype A, followed by the genotypes E (26.6 %, 4/15) and D (6.7 %, 1/15). Genotype A strains were classified into subgenotype A1, quasi-subgenotype A3, and subgenotype A4, with quasi-subgenotype A3 being predominant. One new genotype A strain did not cluster with any existing HBV/A subgenotype or quasi-subgenotype.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the high genetic variability of chronic HBV infection in DRC, and the possibility of a new HBV/A subgenotype, suggesting that HBV has a long evolutionary history in DRC. Further molecular characterization of complete HBV genomes is needed for a more accurate assessment of HBV genetic variability and its clinical significance in DRC, as partial sequences are not appropriate for determining HBV new subgenotypes.

Electron Microscope Study of RNA's of Paramyxoviruses

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Ruchama Baum ◽  
J.T. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of paramyxoviruses has been characterized by biochemical and physiochemical methods. However, paramyxovirus RNA molecules have not been studied by electron microscopy. The molecular weights of these single-stranded viral RNA molecules are not known as yet. Since electron microscopy has been found to be useful for the characterization of single-stranded RNA, this investigation was initiated to examine the morphology and length measurements of paramyxovirus RNA's.Sendai virus Z strain and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Milano strain, were used. For these studies it was necessary to develop a method of extracting RNA molecules from purified virus particles. Highly purified Sendai virus was treated with pronase (300 μg/ml) at 37°C for 30 minutes and the RNA extracted by the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-phenol procedure.

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