scholarly journals HDV Pathogenesis: Unravelling Ariadne’s Thread

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Eirini D. Tseligka ◽  
Sophie Clément ◽  
Francesco Negro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Liver Decompensation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Super Infection ◽  
Satellite Viruses ◽  
Delta Virus

Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) lies in between satellite viruses and viroids, as its unique molecular characteristics and life cycle cannot categorize it according to the standard taxonomy norms for viruses. Being a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HDV requires HBV envelope glycoproteins for its infection cycle and its transmission. HDV pathogenesis varies and depends on the mode of HDV and HBV infection; a simultaneous HDV and HBV infection will lead to an acute hepatitis that will resolve spontaneously in the majority of patients, whereas an HDV super-infection of a chronic HBV carrier will mainly result in the establishment of a chronic HDV infection that may progress towards cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With this review, we aim to unravel Ariadne’s thread into the labyrinth of acute and chronic HDV infection pathogenesis and will provide insights into the complexity of this exciting topic by detailing the different players and mechanisms that shape the clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Endemicity And Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis Delta Virus Among Pygmies In Cameroon, Central Africa.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacouba Foupouapouognigni ◽  
Jacques Delors Mfonkou Toumansie ◽  
Onana Boyomo ◽  
Antoine Gessain ◽  
Richard Njouom
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Hepatitis Delta ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Very High ◽  
Delta Virus

Abstract A single study conducted two decades ago on hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections among Baka Pygmies in Cameroon reported a very high antibody prevalence of 46%, but HDV genetic diversity has not yet been studied in this remote population. In the present study, we investigated the HDV seroprevalence and the genotype diversity in the three main Cameroonian Pygmy populations with chronic HBV infection. An unusually high (69.2%) level of HDV infection was found among HBsAg-positive Pygmies in Cameroon. Phylogenetic analyses showed the co-circulation of highly diverse HDV genotypes HDV-1 and HDV-7 in this population. These results highlighted the endemicity of HDV infection in Central Africa and suggest an african origin of HDV.

scholarly journals Efficient Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Replication in Avian Cells Requires a Permissive Factor(s) from Mammalian Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (16) ◽  
pp. 7489-7493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tsueng Liu ◽  
Rob Brazas ◽  
Don Ganem
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Hepatitis Delta ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Delta Virus

ABSTRACT Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a highly pathogenic human RNA virus whose genome is structurally related to those of plant viroids. Although its spread from cell to cell requires helper functions supplied by hepatitis B virus (HBV), intracellular HDV RNA replication can proceed in the absence of HBV proteins. As HDV encodes no RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the identity of the (presumably cellular) enzyme responsible for this reaction remains unknown. Here we show that, in contrast to mammalian cells, avian cells do not support efficient HDV RNA replication and that this defect cannot be rescued by provision of HDV gene products in trans. Contrary to earlier assertions, this defect is not due to enhanced apoptosis triggered in avian cells by HDV. Fusion of avian cells to mammalian cells rescues HDV replication in avian nuclei, indicating that the nonpermissive phenotype of avian cells is not due to the presence of dominantly acting inhibitors of replication. Rather, avian cells lack one or more essential permissive factors present in mammalian cells. These results set the stage for the identification of such factors and also explain the failure of earlier efforts to transmit HDV infection to avian hosts harboring indigenous hepadnaviruses.

scholarly journals Deleterious Effects of Hepatitis Delta Virus Replication on Host Cell Proliferation

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 3600-3604 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wang ◽  
Joseph Pearlberg ◽  
Yu-Tsueng Liu ◽  
Don Ganem
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Plasmid Vector ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Hepatitis Delta ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Delta Virus

ABSTRACT Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and spread in vivo are dependent upon coinfection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), and dual HDV/HBV infection is frequently more severe than HBV infection alone, raising the possibility that HDV infection may be deleterious to cells. Here we have examined the effects of HDV replication on the long-term growth of cultured cells. Our results show that most cells transfected with HDV cDNA do not give rise to stable cell lines expressing viral antigens or replicative intermediates; in addition, cotransfection of HDV replicons with a plasmid vector expressing a hygromycin resistance marker results in a dose-dependent impairment of hygromycin-resistant colony formation. When cells transfected with replication-competent HDV cDNA are followed prospectively, a progressive decline in viral RNA replication and a steady decrease in the proportion of cells expressing delta antigen are observed. However, in transient transfection assays, no evidence was found to link HDV replication to apoptosis or to cell cycle arrest, nor did HDV replication confer on host cells enhanced sensitivity to inducers of apoptosis. Thus, HDV replication does not appear to be acutely cytotoxic. However, in dividing cells HDV replication is associated with a subtler growth disadvantage, leading to selection in culture for cells displaying diminished HDV expression. This effect would not be expected to cause hepatitis in vivo but might contribute to impaired liver regeneration in the setting of ongoing hepatocellular injury.

scholarly journals Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) and Delta-Like Agents: Insights Into Their Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Netter ◽  
Marilou H. Barrios ◽  
Margaret Littlejohn ◽  
Lilly K. W. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Hepatitis Delta ◽  
Delta Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Satellite Viruses ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Delta Virus

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a human pathogen, and the only known species in the genus Deltavirus. HDV is a satellite virus and depends on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for packaging, release, and transmission. Extracellular HDV virions contain the genomic HDV RNA, a single-stranded negative-sense and covalently closed circular RNA molecule, which is associated with the HDV-encoded delta antigen forming a ribonucleoprotein complex, and enveloped by the HBV surface antigens. Replication occurs in the nucleus and is mediated by host enzymes and assisted by cis-acting ribozymes allowing the formation of monomer length molecules which are ligated by host ligases to form unbranched rod-like circles. Recently, meta-transcriptomic studies investigating various vertebrate and invertebrate samples identified RNA species with similarities to HDV RNA. The delta-like agents may be representatives of novel subviral agents or satellite viruses which share with HDV, the self-complementarity of the circular RNA genome, the ability to encode a protein, and the presence of ribozyme sequences. The widespread distribution of delta-like agents across different taxa with considerable phylogenetic distances may be instrumental in comprehending their evolutionary history by elucidating the transition from transcriptome to cellular circular RNAs to infectious subviral agents.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus subtypes circulating in Algeria and seroprevalence of HDV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Gourari ◽  
Ségolène Brichler ◽  
Frédéric Le Gal ◽  
Mariama Abdou‐Chekaraou ◽  
Mohamed Amine Beloufa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Hepatitis Delta ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Delta Virus

scholarly journals Hepatitis delta virus and hepatocellular carcinoma: an update

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (13) ◽  
pp. 1612-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Romeo ◽  
Arnolfo Petruzziello ◽  
Eve Isabel Pecheur ◽  
Floriana Facchetti ◽  
Riccardo Perbellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis Delta Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Hepatitis Delta ◽  
Liver Decompensation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hdv Infection ◽  
Delta Virus

AbstractHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that depends on the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for the creation of new virions and propagation of the infection to hepatocytes. Chronic infection with HDV is usually associated with a worsening of HBV infection, leading more frequently to cirrhosis, increased risk of liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence. In spite of a progressive declining prevalence of both acute and chronic HDV infection observed over several years, mainly due to increased global health policies and mass vaccination against HBV, several European countries have more recently observed stable HDV prevalence mainly due to migrants from non-European countries. Persistent HDV replication has been widely demonstrated as associated with cirrhosis development and, as a consequence, development of liver decompensation and occurrence of HCC. Several treatment options have been attempted with poor results in terms of HDV eradication and improvement of long-term prognosis. A global effort is deemed urgent to enhance the models already existing as well as to learn more about HDV infection and correlated tumourigenesis mechanisms.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among voluntary blood donors in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pati Moloko Maindo ◽  
Didier Anzenza Mudwahefa ◽  
Jean-Pierre Kambala Mukendi ◽  
Sylvain Ramazani Yuma ◽  
Jérémie Masidi Muwonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Genotype A

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B represents a major global health problem. Despite the high endemicity of hepatitis B in Sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the molecular characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Africa, and there are very few published studies that describe the genetic characteristics of HBV in asymptomatic adults in DRC. The present study aimed at determining the molecular diversity of chronic HBV infection in voluntary blood donors in Kinshasa, DRC.MethodsBlood samples from 582 voluntary blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Centre in Kinshasa, DRC, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Partial amplification and sequencing of S gene in HBV-positive samples was conducted.ResultsThe presence of HBsAg was detected in 6.9 % (40/582) blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S gene nucleotide sequences of HBV showed that the majority (66.7 %, 10/15) of HBV strains clustered into genotype A, followed by the genotypes E (26.6 %, 4/15) and D (6.7 %, 1/15). Genotype A strains were classified into subgenotype A1, quasi-subgenotype A3, and subgenotype A4, with quasi-subgenotype A3 being predominant. One new genotype A strain did not cluster with any existing HBV/A subgenotype or quasi-subgenotype.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the high genetic variability of chronic HBV infection in DRC, and the possibility of a new HBV/A subgenotype, suggesting that HBV has a long evolutionary history in DRC. Further molecular characterization of complete HBV genomes is needed for a more accurate assessment of HBV genetic variability and its clinical significance in DRC, as partial sequences are not appropriate for determining HBV new subgenotypes.

scholarly journals Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorino ◽  
L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽  
S. Sabbatani ◽  
F. Grizzi ◽  
L. di Tommaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

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